Table Of ContentUndergraduate Topics in Computer Science
Martina Seidl · Marion Scholz
Christian Huemer · Gerti Kappel
UML @ Classroom
An Introduction to
Object-Oriented Modeling
Undergraduate Topics in Computer Science
Undergraduate Topics in ComputerS cience ( UTiCS)d eliversh igh-qualityin structionalco ntentfo r
undergraduates studying in all areas of computing and information science. From core foundational
and theoretical material tof inal-yeart opicsa nda pplications,U TiCSb ooksta kea fr esh,co ncise,an d
modern approach and are idealf or self-studyo rf ora o ne-o rt wo-semesterc ourse.T hete xtsar eal l
authored by established experts in their fields, reviewed by an international advisory board, and
contain numerous examples and problems. Many include fully worked solutions.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7592
Martina Seidl • Marion Scholz
Christian Huemer • Gerti Kappel
UML @ Classroom
An Introduction to Object-Oriented Modeling
Martina Seidl Marion Scholz
Johannes Kepler University Linz Vienna University of Technology
Linz, Austria Vienna, Austria
Christian Huemer Gerti Kappel
Vienna University of Technology Vienna University of Technology
V ienna, Austria Vienna, Austria
Tanslator
Tracey Duffy
TSD Translations
SeriesEditor
IanMackie
AdvisoryBoard
SamsonAbramsky,UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UK
KarinBreitman,PontificalCatholicUniversityofRiodeJaneiro,RiodeJaneiro,Brazil
ChrisHankin,ImperialCollegeLondon,London,UK
DexterKozen,CornellUniversity,Ithaca,USA
AndrewPitts,UniversityofCambridge,Cambridge,UK
HanneRiisNielson,TechnicalUniversityofDenmark,KongensLyngby,Denmark
StevenSkiena,StonyBrookUniversity,StonyBrook,USA
IainStewart,UniversityofDurham,Durham,UK
Copyright © 2012 by dpunkt.verlag GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.
Title of the German original: UML @ Classroom
ISBN 978-3-89864-776-2
Translation Copyright © 2014 by Springer International Publishing AG.
All rights reserved.
ISSN1863-7310 ISSN2197-1781 (electronic)
Under graduate T opics in Computer Scien ce
ISBN 978-3-319-12741-5 ISBN 978-3-319-12742-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-12742-2
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015930192
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Preface
The challenges in today’s software development are diverse and go
far beyond implementation tasks. They range from requirement spec-
ification over system design and implementation to maintenance and
further adaptation of the software—to name just a few phases in the
software life cycle. In all of these phases of the software develop-
mentprocess,manypeoplewithdifferentbackgroundsandexperiences
are usually involved. These people need a common language for ef-
ficient communication. Obviously, such a language should be as pre-
ciseaspossiblewithouttheambiguitiesofanaturallanguage.Forthis
purpose, modeling languages have emerged. They are used to create
sketches and blueprints for software systems, which in turn serve as
a basis for the implementation or even automatic generation of exe-
cutable code. In the area of object-oriented software development, the
Unified Modeling Language (UML) was able to prevail. Of course, to
usethelanguagecorrectlyandefficiently,itisnecessarytounderstand
theconceptsofferedbyUML.Since2006,wehaveofferedthecourse
“Object-Oriented Modeling” at the Vienna University of Technology.
Thiscourseismandatoryforcomputerscienceandbusinessinformat-
icsstudentsintheirfirstyear.Overall,wehaveupto1,000studentsper
year who attend our course. To deal with such a huge number of stu-
dentswhilekeepinghighqualitystandards,muchefforthasbeenspent
on the preparation of such a course. This includes the overall organi-
zation,coursematerial,ande-learningsupport.Partsofthecoursede-
signhavebeenpresentedattheEducators’SymposiumoftheMODELS
conference[8,9,10,11,7,46].Weteachthebasicsofobject-oriented
modelingbymeansofUML.
v
vi Preface
Inparticular,weteach
• classandobjectdiagrams,
• sequencediagrams,
• statemachinediagrams,
• activitydiagrams,and
• usecasediagrams
aswellastheirinterrelations.Forthispurpose,weintroducethesyntax
(thenotationofthelanguageelements),thesemantics(themeaningof
the language elements), and the pragmatics (how to use the language
elements)oftheseUMLdiagrams.Theycoverthemostessentialcon-
ceptsofobject-orientedmodelingandareusedinmanydifferentstages
of the software development process. The course is designed for stu-
dentswhoalreadyknowthebasicconceptsofobject-orientedprogram-
ming languages such as Java or C#, but still have no practical experi-
enceinsoftwareengineering.Basedonourcomprehensiveexperience
inteachingUML,[email protected],
weaddressbothreaderswhowishtolearnUMLinacompactbutnev-
ertheless precise manner and teachers whom we want to provide with
inspiration for their own course exercises with our extensive example
repertoire.WeteachUMLasclosetothestandardaspossibleandillus-
trateallconceptsusingintuitiveexamples.Thebookiscomplemented
byawebsite,whichcontainsacompletesetofslidestoteachthecon-
tents of the book as well as teaching videos and e-learning material
(http://www.uml.ac.at/).
Softwaremodelingisaveryyoungfieldofcomputerscience.Itex-
periencedanincrediblegrowthwithinthelasttwodecades.Today,the
usageofmodelsgoesfarbeyondpuredocumentation.Techniquesfrom
the area of modeling continually replace conventional programming.
Models are far more than just pictures, and modeling is far more than
just drawing. With our book UML@Classroom, we want to provide a
solidfoundationanddeepunderstandingofthemostimportantobject-
orientedmodelingconcepts.Weaimforrisinginterestandenthusiasm
for this exciting and extremely important field of computer science.
UML@Classroom is a textbook, which explicitly addresses beginners
and people with little or no modeling experience. It introduces basic
conceptsinaveryprecisemanner,whileabstainingfromtheinterpre-
tationofrarespecialcases.UML@Classroomiskeptverycompactin
ordertoallowthereadertofocusonthemostcommonlyusedconcepts
ofUML.Muchemphasisisspentonillustrativeexamplesbreathinglife
intothetheorywepresent.
Preface vii
Acknowledgments
Wewouldliketothankthemanypeoplewhosupportedusinthesuc-
cessfulcompletionofthisbook.Veryspecialthanksgotoourfamilies
whoshowedgreatpatienceforthisbookproject.Wearedeeplyindebted
toKatjaHildebrandt(ViennaUniversityofTechnology)fordrawingall
the figures of this book and for supporting us with a million of other
things.WewouldliketothankRalfGerstnerfromSpringerandChrista
Preisendanzfromdpunkt.verlagformakingthisEnglishversionpossi-
ble.Further,wewouldliketothankTraceyDuffyforthegoodcollabo-
rationonthetranslationoftheGermanversionofthisbookintoEnglish
andJeremyGibbons(UniversityofOxford)forthecarefulproofreading
andtheveryvaluablefeedback.Finally,wewouldliketoacknowledge
theinputwegotfromourstudentsovertheyearswhichwasoneofthe
mainmotivatorsforwritingthisbook.
LinzandVienna,September2014 MartinaSeidl
MarionScholz
ChristianHuemer
GertiKappel
Contents
1 Introduction........................................ 1
1.1 Motivation ..................................... 1
1.2 Models ........................................ 2
1.3 ObjectOrientation............................... 6
1.3.1 Classes.................................. 6
1.3.2 Objects.................................. 6
1.3.3 Encapsulation ............................ 7
1.3.4 Messages................................ 7
1.3.5 Inheritance............................... 7
1.3.6 Polymorphism............................ 8
1.4 TheStructureoftheBook ........................ 9
2 AShortTourofUML ............................... 11
2.1 TheHistoryofUML............................. 11
2.2 Usage ......................................... 14
2.3 Diagrams ...................................... 15
2.3.1 StructureDiagrams........................ 17
2.3.2 BehaviorDiagrams........................ 19
2.4 DiagramsPresentedinthisBook................... 21
3 TheUseCaseDiagram............................... 23
3.1 UseCases...................................... 24
3.2 Actors......................................... 25
3.3 Associations.................................... 27
3.4 RelationshipsbetweenActors ..................... 28
3.5 RelationshipsbetweenUseCases .................. 30
3.6 ExamplesofRelationships........................ 33
3.7 CreatingaUseCaseDiagram ..................... 34
3.7.1 IdentifyingActorsandUseCases............ 34
3.7.2 DescribingUseCases ..................... 35
ix
