Table Of ContentSpringer Series in
CHEMICAL PHYSICS
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Springer Series in
CHEMICAL PHYSICS
Series Editors: F. P. Schafer J. P. Toennies W. Zinth
63 Ultrafast Phenomena XI
Editors: T. Elsaesser, J.G. Fujimoto, D.A. Wiersma, and W. Zinth
Volumes 1-62 are listed at the end of the book
T. Elsaesser J.G. Fujimoto D.A. Wiersma
W. Zinth
Ultrafast
Phenomena XI
Proceedings
of the nth International Conference,
Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany,
July 12-17,1998
With 507 Figures
, Springer
Professor Dr. Thomas Elsaesser Professor Dr. Oouwe A. Wiersma
Max-Born Institut fUr Nichtlineare Optik University of Groningen,
und Kurzzeitspektroskopie Faculty of Sciences Be Mathematics
Rudower Chaussee 6 Ultrafast Laser and Spectroscopy Laboratory
0-12.489 Berlin, Germany Nijenborgh 4
e-mail: elsasserf!lmbi.berlin.de 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
e-mail: [email protected]
Professor James G. Fujimoto Professor Wolfgang Zinth
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Universitit Miinchen,
Dept. of Electrical Engineering Be Computer Science Institut fUr Medizinische Optik
77 Massachusetts Ave Ottingerstr. 67
Cambridge, MA 02.139, USA 0-80538 Miinchen, Germany
e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected]
Series Editors:
Professor F.P. Schafer Professor W. Zinth
Max-Planck-Institut fUr Biophysikalische Chemie Universitit Miinchen,
0-37077 GlSttingen-Nikolausberg, Germany Institut fUr Medizinische Optik
Ottingerstr. 67
Professor J.P. Toennies 0-80538 Miinchen, Germany
Max-Planck-Institut fUr StrlSmungsforschung
Bunsenstrasse 10
0-37073 GlStt.ingen, Germany
ISSN 0172-6218
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-72291-2 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-72289-9
001:10.1007/978-3-642-72289-9
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Die Deutsche Bibliothek -CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
Ultrafast phenomena N.: proceedings of the ••• international conference ••.
-Berlin; Heidelberg; New York; Barcelona; Hong Kong; London; Milan; Paris ; Singapore; Tokyo : Springer
Bis 5 (1986) Zusatz zum Hauptsachtite1: proceedings of the ••. OSA top. meeting
Bis 3 (1982.) u.dT .: Picosecond phenomena
11. Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, July 12.-17,1998. -1998
(Springer series in chemical physics; 63)
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-72291-2
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Preface
This volume contains papers presented at the Eleventh International Conference on
Ultrafast Phenomena held at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, from July 12 to
17, 1998. The biannual Ultrafast Phenomena Conferences provide a forum for dis
cussion of the latest advances in ultrafast optics and their applications in science
and engineering. The Garmisch conference brought together a multidisciplinary
group of 440 participants from 27 countries, including 127 students. The enthu
siasm of this large number of Participants, the high quality of the papers they
presented and the magnificent conference site resulted in a successful and pleasant
conference.
Progress was reported in the technology of generating ultrashort pulses, in
cluding new techniques for improving laser-pulse duration, tunability over broad
wavelength ranges, output power and peak intensity. Ultrafast spectroscopy con
tinues to provide new insight into fundamental processes in physics, chemistry,
biology, and engineering. In addition to analyzing ultrafast phenomena, control of
ultrafast dynamics now represents an important topic. Ultrafast concepts and tech
niques are being applied in imaging and microscopy, high speed optoelectronics,
mat~rial diagnostics and processing, reflecting the maturing of the field.
Acknowledgements. Many people contributed to the success of the conference.
Members of the international program committee provided general guidance, re
viewed the papers and put the final program together. The local organizing com
mittee deserves special thanks for making all the meeting arrangements and run
ning the conference very smoothly. We would like to acknowledge the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft, the Bayerische Staatsministerium fUr Unterricht, Kultus,
Wissenschaft und Kunst, the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, and the
Optical Society of America for sponsorship as well as support from Coherent, and
Spectra Physics.
Berlin, Germany Thomas Elsaesser
Cambridge, MA James G. Fujimoto
Groningen, Netherlands Douwe Wiersma
Munchen, Germany Wolfgang Zinth
August 1998
v
Contents
Part I: Lasers for mtrashort Pulses
Sub-5 fs Pulses: Generation, Characterization and Experiments
M.S. Pshenichnikov, A. Baltuska, R6bert Szipocs, and D.A. Wiersma 3
Generation of Intense Diffraction~Limited White Light and 4-fs Pulses
Z. Cheng, G. Tempea, T. Brabec, K Ferencz, C. Spielmann,
and F. Krausz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Broadband Operation of a Ti:Sapphire Laser
Using Novel Double-Chirped Mirrors and Semiconductor Saturable Absorbers
D.H. Sutter, 1.D. Jung, N. Matuschek, F. Morier-Genoud, F.X. Klirtner,
V. Scheuer, M. Tilsch, T. Tschudi, and U. Keller. .. .. . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. 11
Improved Broadband Double-Chirped Mirrors
with Controlled Dispersion Characteristics
N. Matuschek. F.X. Klirtner, D.H. Sutter, V. Scheuer, M. Tilsch, T. Tschudi,
and U. Keller.... ... . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . .... . . . . .. .. 14
A New Type of Saturable Bragg Reflector
with Record-Low Saturation Fluence and Broad Tuning Range
J.M. Shieh, T.C. Huang, KF. Huang, C.L. Wang, and C.L. Pan .......... 17
Time-Resolved Measurement of Electronic
and Vibrational Nonlinear Refraction in Ti:Sapphire and Cr:LiSGaF
S. Smolorz and F. Wise ........................................... 20
Generation of Amplified Shaped Pulses for Highly Adiabatic Excitation
M. Fetterman, D. Goswami, D. Keusters, J.K Rhee, and W.S. Warren. . . .. 24
Transient Excited-State Absorption Measurement in Chromium Doped Forsterite
N. Zhavoronkov, V. Mikhailov, V. Petrov, and F. Noack ................ 27
Ultrafast Fiber Lasers
E.P. Ippen, D.J. Jones, L.E. Nelson, and H.A. Haus .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30
VII
First Experimental Observation
of Polarization Locked Temporal Vector Solitons
B.C. Collings, S.T. Cundiff, N.N. Akhmediev, J.M. Soto-Crespo,
K. Bergman, and W.H. Knox ...................................... 35
Time-Domain Jitter Measurement of Modelocked Fiber Lasers
G. Sucha, M.E. Fermann, and D.J. Harter... .. ....... . . ...... . . . . . . .. 38
0.28 TW Laser System at 1 kHz, Scaleable to 2 TW at 1 kHz
S. Backus, C.G. Durfee ill, M.M. Murnane, and H.C. Kapteyn ........... 41
Generation of 100 TW, Sub-20 fs Pulses at a 100Hz Repetition Rate
in Ti:Sapphire
K. Yamakawa, M. Aoyama, S. Matsuoka, T. Kase, Y. Akahane, H. Takuma,
D.N. Fittinghoff, and C.P.J. Barty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 44
Part II: Nonlinear Frequency Conversion and Pulse Shaping
Ultra-Broadband Optical Parametric Amplifiers in the Visible
and in the Near-Infrared
G. Cerullo, M. Nisoli, S. Stagira, S. De Silvestri, O. Svelto, G. Valiulis,
and A. Varanavicius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 49
Sub-5-fs Pulse Generation
by Pulse-Front-Matched Optical Parametric Amplication
A. Shirakawa, I. Sakane, and T. Kobayashi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 54
Tunable Visible and NIR Parametric Amplifiers at 1 kHz
and Pulse Lengths Down to 10 fs
S. Lochbrunner, T. Wilhelm, J. Piel, P. Huppmann, S. Sporlein,
and E. Riedle ................................................... 57
Parametric Chirped Pulse Microamplifier Based
on Engineerable Quasi-Phase-Matched LiNb03
A. Galvanauskas, A. Hariharan, D. Harter, M.A. Arbore, M.M. Fejer . . . . .. 60
High Repetition Rate Mid-Infrared Femtosecond Optical Parametric Oscillator
S. Marzenell, R Beigang, and R Wallenstein. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 63
Generation of High Repetition Rate Femtosecond Infrared Pulses Tunable
from 9 to 18 J.£m
RA. Kaindl, D.C. Smith, M. Joschko, M.P. Hasselbeck, M. Woerner,
and T. Elsaesser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 66
A Proof of Principle Experiment of Sum Frequency Generation
Using Chirped Pulses
K. Osvay and LN. Ross. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 69
VIII
A Novel Scheme for High-Intensity Ultrashort Pulse Generation
G. Tempea and T. Brabec. . .... .... ... . .. .. .... . . . . .... . ...... .. .. 72
Self-Focusing in Waveguides
T. Brabec and G. Tempea ....................................... .. 75
Observation of Raman Self-Conversion of fs-Pulse Frequency
Due to Impulsive Excitation of Molecular Vibrations
G. Korn, O. Diihr, and A. Nazarldn .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 78
Spatio-Temporal Coherence Properties of Super-Continuum Single Filament
in Bulk Media
E: Baubeau, F. Salin, and C Le Blanc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 81
Second Harmonic Pulse Compression
J. Biegert, V. Kubecek, and J.e. Diels .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 84
Adaptive Control of Pulse Phase in a Chirped Pulse Amplifier
A. Efimov, M.D. Moores, N.M. Beach, J.L. Krause, and D.H. Reitze .. .. .. 87
Wavefront Correction of High Intensity Femtosecond Lasers
G. Ch6riaux, F. Druon, A. Maksimchuk, M. Nantel, G. Vdovin,
and G. Mourou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 90
Spatiotemporal Imaging, Spatiotemporal Pulse Shaping,
and Spatiotemporal Coherent Control
R.M. Koehl, T.F. Crimmins, e.J. Brennan, and K.A. Nelson. . . . . . . . . . . .. 92
Part III: Pulse Diagnostics, Measurement Techniques, Nonlinear Optics
Infrared Streak Camera
L.D. Noordam, M Drabbels, and C.W. Rella. .. . . .. .. .. . . ... . . .. .. . . .. 97
In-Situ Waveform Retrieval and Display of Femtosecond Optical Pulses
and Picosecond Electrical Pulses
W. Kim, H. Lee, and J. Kim ....................................... 100
Spectral Phase Interferometry for Direct Electric Field Reconstruction
of Ultrashort Optical Pulses
C. Iaconis, M.E. Anderson, and LA. Walmsley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 103
Spatial-Temporal Field Distribution of Self-Focused Femtosecond Pulses
T.W. Yau, C.H. Lee, and J. Wang .................................... 106
Pulse Characterization Techniques for sub-30 Femtosecond Terawatt Lasers
C. T6th, D.N. Fittinghoff, B.e. Walker, J.A. Squier, and C.P.J. Barty ...... 109
IX
Single-Shot Third-Order Correlator
for Femtosecond Terawatt Ti:Sapphire Lasers
V. Sirutkaitis, R. Grigonis, A. Piskarskas, M. Gratz, A Persson,
and S. Svanberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 112
Temporal Evolution of Selfguided Femtosecond Laser Pulses
in the Presence of Kerr-Nonlinearity and Ionisation
H.R. Lange, J.F. Ripoche, AA Chiron, B. Lamouroux, M.A Franco,
B. Prade, E.T~J. Nibbering, and A Mysyrowicz ....................... 115
Femtosecond Lidar
L. Waste, C. Wedekind, H. Wille, P. Rairoux, M. Rodriguez, B. Stein,
R. Sauerbrey, H. Schillinger, F. Ronneberger, and S. Niedermeier ......... 118
Superlnminal Localized Waves in Femtosecond Optics
P. Saari ........................................................ 121
Even-Order Nonlinear Interaction of Focused Femtosecond Beam
with the Bulk of Chiral Media
AV. Balakin, D. Boucher, AS. Dunin, E. Fertein, N.I. Koroteev,
P. Masselin, AV. P8kuIev, and AP. Shkurinov ........................ 124
Complete Electric Field of Femtosecond Photon Echoes
at Their Point of Origin
J.D. Hybl, AW. Albrecht, S.M. Gallagher Faeder, and D.M. Jonas ........ 127
Characterization of the Complex Third-Order Susceptibility
of Myoglobin Using Diffractive Optics
G.D. Goodno, V. Astinov, and R.J.D. Miller .......................... 130
Time Domain Separation of the Nuclear and Electronic Contributions
to the Third Order Nonlinearity in Glasses
S. Montant, A Le Calvez, E. Freysz, A Ducasse, and M. Couzi .......... 133
Multiple-Pulse Control and Bispectral 2D Raman Analysis
of Nonlinear Lattice Dynamics
R.M. Koehl, S. Adachi, and K.A Nelson ..............•.............. 136
Engineering Quantum Indistinguishability
in Ultrafast Parametric Downconversion
D. Branning, W. Grice, R. Erdmann, and I. Walmsley .................. 139
Part IV: Imaging and Microscopy
Ultrafast Laser Technology Applied
to Whole-Field Fluorescence Lifetime Changing
K. Dowling, R. Jones, M.J. Dayel, P.M.W. French, H. Ikeda-Gerling,
M.J. Lever, J.D. Hares, A.K.L. Dymoke-Bradshaw, M.AA Neil,
R. Juskaitis, and T. Wilson ........................................ 145
x
Optical Coherence Tomography Using Femtosecond Lasers
S.A. Boppart, C. Pitris, B.E. Bouma, M.E. Brezinski, and J.G. Fujimoto ... 150
3D-Microscopy Using Third-Harmonic Generation
at Interfaces in Biological and Non~Biological Specimens
J.A. Squier, K.R. Wilson, M. Miillerl, and G.J. Brakenhoff .............. 153
Ultrafast STM-Tip Localized Responses from Nanostructured Surfaces
Y.H. Liau, M. Feldstein, and N.F. Scherer ............................ 156
Ultrafast Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Using a Photoexcited Low-Temperature-Grown GaAs Tip
G.P. Donati, G. Rodriguez, and A.J. Taylor ........................... 159
Photoconductive Sampling with a Scanning Tunneling Microscope
O. Gielkens, L.M.F. Kaufmann, E. Smalbrugge, M.R. Melloch,
R.H.M. Groeneveld, T. Rasing, and H. van Kempen. . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . .. 162
Femtosecond Nonlinear Microscopy of Photo conductors
P. Dom, J. Jasapara, J. Zeller, W. Rudolph, and M. Sheik-Bahae ......... 165
Time-Resolved Near-Field Spectroscopy of the Carrier Dynamics
in Single GaAs Nanostructures
C. Lienau, A. Richter, T. Elsaesser, M. Ramsteiner, R. Notzel,
and K.H. Ploog .................................................. 168
Time Resolved Near Field Imaging and Diffraction
with Sub-Wavelength Far-Infrared Dipole Sources
I. Brener, S. Hunsche, Y. Cai, M.C. Nuss, J. Wynn, J. Lopata,
and L. Pfeiffer .................................................. 171
Part V: High Speed Optoelectronics and Thz Radiation
Ultrafast All-Optical Signal Processing at Over 100 Gbitls
with Mode-Locked Semiconductor Diode Lasers
H. Yokoyama ..................................................• 177
Characterization of Interferometric Switching Devices
for Ultrafast All-Optical Signal Processing
E. Hilliger, S. Diez, R. Ludwig, and H.G. Weber ...................... 182
Measurement of 1.4 THz Beat Frequencies
from a Dual Wavelength Gain-Switched Laser Diode
Using Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating
L.P. Barry, J.M. Dudley, B.C. Thomsen, and J.D. Harvey ............... 185
Spectral Holography for Dynamic Dispersion Compensation
Y. Ding, D.D. Nolte, M.R. Melloch, and A.M. Weiner .................. 188
XI
