Table Of Content2
Springer Series in Chemical Physics
I
lE.d.ite.d- by- F-ritz- P_. Schafer __
Springer
Berlin
Heidelberg
New York
Barcelona
Budapest
Hong Kong
London
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Paris
Santa Clara
Singapore
Tokyo
Springer Series in Chemical Physics
Editors: Vitalii I. Goldanskii Fritz P. Schafer J. Peter Toennies
Managing Editor: H. K. V Lotsch
40 High-Resolution Spectroscopy of 52 Multiple-Photon Laser Chemistry
Transient Molecules By. R.Y. Ambartzumian, C.D. Cantrell,
By E. Hirota and A. Puretzky
41 High Resolution Spectral Atlas of 53 Ultrafast Phenomena VII
Nitrogen Dioxide 559-597 nm Editors: C. B. Harris, E. P. Ippen,
By K. Uehara and H. Sasada G. A. Mourou, and A. H. Zewail
42 Antennas and Reaction Centers of 54 Physics of Ion Impact Phenomena
Photosynthetic Bacteria Editor: D. Mathur
Structure, Interactions, and Dynamics 55 Ultrafast Phenomena VIII
Editor: M. E. Michel-Beyerle Editors: J.-L. Martin, A. Migus,
43 The Atom-Atom Potential Method G. A. Mourou, and A. H. Zewail
Applications to Organic Molecular 56 Clusters of Atoms and Molecules
Solids Salvation and Chemistry of Free
By A.J. Pertsin and A.I. Kitaigorodsky Clusters, and Embedded, Supported and
44 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Compressed Clusters
SIMS V Editor: H. Haberland
Editors: A. Benninghoven, R.J. Colton, 57 Radiationless Transitions in Poly-
D.S. Simons, and H.W. Werner atomic Molecules
45 Thermotropic Liquid Crystals, By E. S. Medvedev and V. 1. Osherov
Fundamentals 58 Positron Annihilation in Chemistry
By G. Vertogen and W. H. de Jeu By O. E. Mogensen
46 Ultrafast Phenomena V 59 Soot Formation in Combustion
Editors: G. R. Fleming and Mechanisms and Models
A. E. Siegman Editor: H. Bockhorn
47 Complex Chemical Reaction Systems 60 Ultrafast Phenomena IX
Mathematical Modelling Editors: P. F. Barbara, W. H. Knox,
and Simulation G. A. Mourou, and A. H. Zewail
Editors: J. Warnatz and W. Jager
61 Gas Phase Chemical Reaction Systems
48 Ultrafast Phenomena VI Experiments and Models 100 Years
Editors: T. Yajima, K. Yoshihara, After Max Bodenstein
C. B. Harris, and S. Shionoya Editors: J. Wolfrum, H.-R. Volpp,
49 Vibronic Interactions in Molecules R. Rannacher, and J. Warnatz
and Crystals
62 Ultrafast Phenomena X
By LB. Bersuker and V.Z. Polinger
Editors: P. F. Barbara, J. G. Fujimoto,
50 Molecular and Laser Spectroscopy W. H. Knox, and W. Zinth
By Zu-Geng Wang and Hui-Rong Xia
51 Space-Time Organization in Macro-
molecular Fluids
Editors: F. Tanaka, M. Doi, and T. Ohta
Volumes 1-39 are listed at the end of the book
P. F. Barbara· J. G. Fujimoto
W. H. Knox· W. Zinth (Eds.)
Ultrafast
PhenomenaX
Proceedings
of the 10th International Conference,
Del Coronado, CA, May 28 - June 1, 1996
With 385 Figures
Springer
Professor Paul F. Barbara
Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, USA
Professor James G. Fujimoto
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and
Research Laboratory of Electronics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Wayne H. Knox, Ph. D.
Lucent Technology, Bell Laboratories, Crawfords Corner Road, Holmdel, NJ 07733-3030, USA
Professor Wolfgang Zinth
Institut fiir Medizinische Optik, Universitlit Miinchen, Barbarastrasse 16, 0-80797 Miinchen, Germany
Series Editors Professor Dr. Fritz Peter Schafer
Max -Planck- Institut
fiir Biophysikalische Chemie
0-37077 Gtlttingen-Nikolausberg, Germany
Professor Vitalii I. Goldanskii Professor Dr. 1. Peter Toennies
Institute of Chemical Physics Max-Planck-Institut
Academy of Sciences flir Strtlmungsforschung
Uli tsa Kossigyna 4 Bu nsenstrasse 10
Moscow, 117334, Russia 0-37073 Gtlttingen, Germany
Managing Editor: Dr. Helmut K. V. Lotsch
Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17,
0-69121 Heidelberg, Germany
Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for
Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
Ultrafast phenomena: proceedings of the ... international
conference ... - Berlin; Heidelberg; New York; London;
Paris; Tokyo; Hong Kong; Barcelona; Budapest: Springer.
Bis 5 (l986) Zusatz rum Hauptsachtitel: proceedings of the ... OSA
top. meeting
Bis 3 (1982) u.d.T.: Picosecond phenomena
NE: Optical Society of America
10. Del Coronado, CA, May 28 - June I, 1996. - 1996
(Springer series in chemical physics; 62)
NE:GT
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-80316-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-80314-7
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-80314-7
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Preface
This volume contains papers presented at the Tenth International Conference on
Ultrafast Phenomena held at Del Coronado, California, from May 28 to June
1, 1996. The biannual Ultrafast Phenomena Conferences provide a forum for
the discussion of the latest advances in ultrafast optics and their applications in
science and engineering. The Ultrafast Phenomena Conference maintains a broad
international representation with 391 participants from 18 countries, including
94 students attending the conference. The multidisciplinary character of this
meeting provides a cross-fertilization of ultrafast concepts and techniques among
various scientific and engineering disciplines. The enthusiasm of the paticipants,
the originality and quality of the papers that they presented, and the beautiful
conference site combined to produce a very successful and enjoyable meeting.
Progress was reported in the technology of generating ultrashort pulses, in
cluding new techniques for improving laser-pulse duration, output power, wave
length range, and compactness. Ultrafast spectroscopy continues to impact on and
expand the knowledge base of fundamental processes in physics, chemistry, biol
ogy and engineering. In addition ultrafast phenomena now extends to real-world
applications in biology, high-speed communication, and material diagnostics.
The Tenth Ultrafast Phenomena Conference was highlighted by a 'special
event' in which the developments of the previous conferences were reviewed in
a panel discussion by G. Mourou, E. Ippen, A. Migus, A. Laubereau and R.
Hochstrasser.
Acknowledgements. Many people contributed to the success of the confer
ence. Members of the international program committee not only provided general
guidance, but also reviewed all the papers and organized the program. The staff
of the Optical Society of America organized the conference arrangements. We
would like to acknowledge the Optical Society of America for sponsorship as
well as support from Coherent, IMRA America, Inrad, the International Science
Foundation, and the National Science Foundation.
Minneapolis, MN Paul F. Barbara
Cambridge, MA James G. Fujimoto
Holmdel, NJ Wayne H. Knox
MOOchen, Germany Wolfgang Zinth
July 1996
v
Contents
Part I Ultrafast Lasers and Sources
Advances in All-Solid-State Ultrafast Lasers
By U. Keller (With 1 Figure) .............................. 3
Physics and Scaling of Saturable Bragg Reflector-Modelocked
Diode-Pumped Solid State Ultrafast Lasers
By S. Tsuda, W.H. Knox, S.T. Cundiff, J.L. Zyskind, W.Y. Jan,
R. Pathak, and J.E. Cunningham (With 3 Figures) ................ 6
Ultrabroad-Band Ring Oscillator for Short Pulse Generation
By L. Xu, Ch. Spielmann, F. Krausz, and R. Szipocs
(With 2 Figures) ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Frequency-Dependent Mode-Size in Kerr-Lens Modelocked Lasers
By S.T. Cundiff, W.H. Knox,E.P.lppen, H.A. Haus, and F.I. Khatri
(With 1 Figure) ....................................... 10
Toward Coherent Control on a Sub-1Ofs Time Scale
By Christian Spielmann, L. Xu, and F. Krausz (With 2 Figures) 12
Generation Dynamics of Solid-State Lasers Mode Locked
by Antiresonant Loop
By V.L. Kalashnikov, V.P. Kalosha, I.G. Poloyko, and V.P. Mikhailov
(With 1 Figure) ....................................... 14
Ultraviolet Picosecond Pulses from an All-Solid-State Ce:Flouride Master
Oscillator and Power Amplifier System
By Z. Liu, N. Sarukura, S. Izumida, Y. Segawa, M.A. Dubinskii,
V.V. Semashko, A.K. Naumov, S.L. Korableva, and R.Yu. Abdulsabirov
(With 4 Figures) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
High-Power and Frequency-Doubled Stretched-Pulse Fiber Laser
By L.E. Nelson, S.B. Fleischer, H.A. Haus, and E.P. Ippen
(With 3 Figures) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
An Electronically Wavelength Tunable Mode-Locked Fiber Laser
Using an All-Fiber Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter
By M.-Y. Jeon, H.K. Lee, K.H. Kim, E.-H. Lee, S.H. Yun, B.Y. Kim,
and Y.W. Koh (With 3 Figures) ............................ 20
VII
Femtosecond Chirped-Pulse Multifrequency Sources
By M.C. Nuss, W.H. Knox, J.B. Stark, S. Cundiff, D.A.B. Miller,
and U. Koren (With 3 Figures) ............................. 22
"Pulse Shaping" of Incoherent Light by Use
of a Liquid Crystal Modulator Array
By V. Binjrajka, C.-C. Chang, A.W.R. Emanuel, D.E. Leaird,
and A.M. Weiner (With 2 Figures) .......................... 24
High-Resolution Ultrafast Laser Pulse Shaping for Quantum Control
and Terabit per Second Communications
By M. Dugan, J.x. Th11, J.-K. Ree, and W.S. Warren
(With 2 Figures) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 26
10- to 80-Gb/s, Highly Extinctive Electrooptic Pulse Pattern Generation
By T. Otsuji, M. Yaita, T. Nagatsuma, and E. Sano (With 3 Figures) 28
Part II Parameteric Generation
Ultrafast Visible Optical Parametric Oscillators:
A Route to Thnable Sub-IO-Femtosecond Pulses?
By F. Hache, M. Cava11ari, and G.M. Gale (With 2 Figures) 33
Thnable 50 fs Pulses in the Visible by Up-Conversion
of Parametrically Generated Pulses in the Near Infrared
By M. Sueptitz, R.A. Kaindl, S. Lutgen, M. Woerner, and E. Riedle
(With 2 Figures) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 36
A Potassium Niobate OPA Pumped by an Amplified Ti:Sapphire Laser
By J.D. Kafka and M.L. Watts (With 2 Figures) ................. 38
Midinfrared Femtosecond Pulse Generation
Using a 250 kHz Ti:Sapphire Pumped BBO OPA and DFG in AgGaS2
By M.K. Reed and M.K. Steiner-Shepard (With 4 Figures) .......... 40
Generation and Applications of Mid-Infrared Femtosecond Pulses
Obtained by Optical Rectification of I5-fs Near-Infrared Pulses
By M. Joffre, A. Bonvalet, J.-L. Martin, and A. Migus
(With I Figure) ....................................... 42
Fiber Laser Pumped Femtosecond Optical Parametric Generator
By A. Galvanauskas, M.A. Arbore, M.M. Fejer, M.E. Fermann,
and D. Harter (With 3 Figures) ........................... " 44
Part III Terahertz Sources and Techniques
Previously Impossible Measurements Made Possible
by THz-Time-Domain Spectroscopy
By D. Grischkowsky and R.A. Cheville (With 2 Figures) 49
VIII
Noncontact Semiconductor Wafer Characerization with T-Rays
By D.M. Mittleman, M.C. Nuss, J. Cunningham, and M. Geva
(With 2 Figures) ....................................... 52
Electro-Optic Imaging of THz Beams
By X.-C. Zhang, Q. Wu, and T.D. Hewitt (With 4 Figures) 54
High Resolution Sub-Millimeter Spectroscopy
Using Mode-Locked Laser Driven Electro-Optic Antennas
By T.M. Goyette, W. Guo, F.C. De Lucia, E.R. Brown, K.A. McIntosh,
K. Juvan, J.C. Swartz, H.O. Everitt, and B.D. Guenther
(With 3 Figures) ....................................... 56
Pulsed Terahertz Spectroscopy of Solutions:
Experiment and Memory Function Analysis
By B. Flanders, R. Cheville, D. Grischkowsky, and N.F. Scherer
(With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 58
Free-Space Electro-Optic Samplers
By Q. Wu, M. Litz, and X.-C. Zhang (With 8 Figures) 60
Thnable Photoconducting Emitters and Detectors
of Free Space Terahertz Radiation
By A.S. Weling, D.H. Auston, and T.F. Heinz (With 1 Figure) 62
Superradiant Terahertz Emission from Bloch Oscillations
By R. Martini, G. Klose, H.G. Roskos, H. Kurz, H.T. Grahn, R. Hey,
and K. Ploog (With 2 Figures) ............................. 64
Transient Grating with Asymmetric Arms
for Electro-Optic Generation of THz Radiation
By H. Kawashima, F. Sasaki, S. Kobayashi, and T. Tani
(With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 66
Terahertz Waveform Synthesis and Enhanced Narrow-Band Terahertz
Generation Using Femtosecond Pulse Shaping
By Y. Liu, S.-G. Park, and A.M. Weiner (With 2 Figures) .......... 69
Diffracting Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy
Using Mid-Infrared Femtosecond Pulses
By A. Bonvalet, M. Joffre, A. Migus, and J.-L. Martin
(With 1 Figure) ....................................... 71
PartN High Brightness Light Pulses: Systems and Techniques
Generation of 25 TW, 32 fs Pulses at 10 Hz
By C. Le Blanc, A. Antonetti, J.P. Chambaret, G. Cheriaux, P. Curley,
G. Darpentigny, and F. Salin (With 2 Figures) .................. 75
IX
SUb-20-fs Multiterawatt Laser and Ultrafast X-Ray Source
By C.P.J. Barty, T. Guo, C. Le Blanc, C. Rose-Petruck, F. R~ksi,
J.A. Squier, B. Walker, P. Weber, K.R. Wilson, V.V. Vakovlev,
and K. Yamakawa (With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
16 fs Pulse Generation and Measurement
in the Ultraviolet and Vacuum Ultraviolet
By C.G. Durfee III, S. Backus, J. Peatross, E. Zeek, K. Read, F. Weihe,
M.M. Murnane, and H.C. Kapteyn (With 1 Figure) ............... 79
High Energy 10 fs Pulses by a New Pulse Compression Technique
Using Hollow Quartz Waveguides
By M. Nisoli, S. De Silvestri, S. Stagira, and O. Svelto
(With 1 Figure) ....................................... 81
On the Pulse Quality Limitations
in Ultrashort Chirped Pulse Amplification
By J.P. Chambaret, G. Cheriaux, P. Rousseau, and F. Salin
(With 2 Figures) '" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Chirped-Pulse Amplifiaction with a Fiber Stretcher
and a Grism Compressor
By S. Kane, J. Squier, V.V. Yakovlev, and C.P.J. Barty
(With 1 Figure) .................,... '. '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Regenerative Pulse Shaping:
A New Technique for Ultrabroadband Amplification
By J.A. Squier, T. Guo, C. LeBlanc, G. Korn, C. Rose-Petruck, F. RaIcsi,
V.V. Yakovlev, K. Yarnakawa, and C.P.J. Barty (With 2 Figures) 87
Compensation of SPM-Induced Pulse Distortions
in Chirped-Pulse Amplification Systems
By A. Braun, S. Kane, and T. Norris (With 1 Figure) 90
Part V High-Field Physics and X-Ray Generation
Laser Electron Interactions at Critical Field Strength
By A.C. Melissinos (With 4 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Nonlinear Optics in the Relativistic Regime
By D. Umstadter, S.-Y. Chen, A. Maksimchuk, G. Mourou,
and R. Wagner (With 2 Figures) ............................ 98
Excitation of Surface Electromagnetic Waves in High-Temperature
Near-Surface Plasmas; Resonance Second Harmonic Generation
By A.P. Tarasevitch, V.M. Gordienko, A.B. Savel'ev, A.O. Timoshin,
and R.V. Volkov (With 2 Figures) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100
x
Selfchannelling of Intense Femtosecond Optical Pulses Through Air
in the Transient Regime
By P.F. Curley, E.T.J. Nibbering, G. Grillon, R. Lange, M.A. Franco,
T. Lehner, B.S. Prade, and A. Mysyrowicz (With 4 Figures) ......... 103
Enhanced Ionization of Molecular Ions in Intense Laser Fields:
Experiments on the Iodine Melecule
By E. Constant, H. Stapelfeldt, and P.B. Corkum (With 1 Figure) ..... 105
Direct Observation of Coherent 1Wo-Photon Medium Response
Induced by Femtosecond Deep UV-Laser Pulses in Krytpon
By G. Korn, O. Kittelmann, J. Ringling, A. Nazarkin, and LV. Hertel
(With 3 Figures) ....................................... 107
Picosecond Tune-Resolved Pump-Probe XUV Absorption
L-Edge Spectroscopy
By M. Nantel, J. Workman, A. Maksimchuk, and D. Umstadter
(With 2 Figures) ..................•.................... 109
Measurement of High Harmonic Pulse Durations
Via Laser Assisted X-Ray Photoionization
By T.E. Glover, R.W. Schoenlein, A.H. Chin, and C.V. Shank
(With 1 Figure) .........•............................. 111
Energy Penetration of Ultrahigh Intensity Short Laser Pulses
into Overdense Plasmas Through Solitons
By A.V. Kim, V.A. Mironov, and L.A. Abramyan (With 1 Figure) .... 113
Observation of Relativistic Self-Focusing, Self-Channeling and
Filamentation of Multiterawatt Ultra-Short Laser Pulses
in Optical-Field Ionized Argon Gas Jets
By C. Stenz, F. Blasco, J. Stevefelt, J.C. Pellicer, A. Antonetti,
J.P. Chambaret, G. Cheriaux, G. Darpentigny, G. Grillon, C. Le Blanc,
A. Mysyrowicz, A. Rousse, F. Salin, and F. Amiranoff
(With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 115
Harmonic Generation from a Sharp Plasma-Vacuum Boundary
By D. von der Linde, T. Engers, G. Jenke, P. Agostini, G. Grillon,
J.-P. Chambaret, A. Mysyrowicz, and A. Antonetti (With 2 Figures) ... 117
Enhanced High-Harmonic Generation with Ultrashort 25 fs Pulses
By J. Zhou, A. Rundquist, Z. Chang, J. Peatross, LP. Christov,
M.M. Murnane, and H.C. Kapteyn (With 1 Figure) ............... 120
Femtosecond X-Rays Generated via 90° Thomson Scattering
By R.W. Schoenlein, W.P. Leemans, A.H. Chin, P. Volfbeyn,
T.E. Glover, P. Balling, M. Zolotorev, K.-J. Kim, S. Chattopadhyay,
and C.V. Shank (With 3 Figures) ........................... 122
XI
