Table Of ContentULTRA WIDEBAND
COMMUNICATIONS:
NOVEL TRENDS – SYSTEM,
ARCHITECTURE AND
IMPLEMENTATION
Edited by Mohammad A. Matin
Ultra Wideband Communications: Novel Trends – System, Architecture
and Implementation
Edited by Mohammad A. Matin
Published by InTech
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Copyright © 2011 InTech
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Ultra Wideband Communications: Novel Trends – System, Architecture and
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Contents
Preface IX
Part 1 UWB Communication Systems and Signal Processing 1
Chapter 1 Measurements of the Nonlinearity of the
Ultra Wideband Signals Transformation 3
Edward Semyonov and Anton Loschilov
Chapter 2 Low Sampling Rate Time Acquisition Schemes and Channel
Estimation Algorithms of Ultra-Wideband Signals 17
Wei Xu and Jiaxiang Zhao
Chapter 3 A Proposal of Received Response
Code Sequence in DS/UWB 33
Shin’ichi Tachikawa and Masatoshi Yokota
Chapter 4 Genetic Algorithm based Equalizer for Ultra-Wideband
Wireless Communication Systems 49
Nazmat Surajudeen-Bakinde, Xu Zhu, Jingbo Gao,
Asoke K. Nandi and Hai Lin
Chapter 5 Low Complexity Phase-Unaware Detectors
Based on Estimator-Correlator Concept 65
Antti Anttonen, Aarne Mämmelä
and Subbarayan Pasupathy
Part 2 Hardware Architecture and Implementation 89
Chapter 6 Ultra-Wideband RF Transceiver
Design in CMOS Technology 91
Lingli Xia, Changhui Hu, Yumei Huang,
Zhiliang Hong and Patrick. Y. Chiang
Chapter 7 Ultra Wideband Impulse Radio
Superregenerative Reception 113
F. Xavier Moncunill-Geniz, Pere Palà-Schönwälder, Jordi Bonet-
Dalmau, Francisco del Águila-López and Rosa Giralt-Mas
VI Contents
Chapter 8 Transmitter Multi-Path Equalization and Receiver
Pulse-Injection Locking Synchronization for Impulse
Radio Ultra-Wideband Communications 137
Changhui Hu, Lingli Xia and Patrick Chiang
Chapter 9 Synchronization Technique for
OFDM-Based UWB System 161
Wen Fan and Chiu-Sing Choy
Chapter 10 Frequency Synthesizer Architectures for UWB
MB-OFDM Alliance Application 181
Owen Casha and Ivan Grech
Chapter 11 Ultra-Wideband GaN Power Amplifiers -
From Innovative Technology to Standard Products 213
Andrey Kistchinsky
Chapter 12 A Method for Improving Out-Of-Band
Characteristics of a Wideband Bandpass
Filter in an LTCC Substrate 233
Shinpei Oshima, Koji Wada, Ryuji Murata
and Yukihiro Shimakata
Chapter 13 Calibration Techniques for the Elimination of
Non-Monotonic Errors and the Linearity
Improvement of A/D Converters 247
Nikos Petrellis and Michael Birbas
Part 3 Cross Layer Design 265
Chapter 14 Cross-Layer Resource Allocation
for MB-OFDM UWB Systems 267
Ayman Khalil, Matthieu Crussière
and Jean-François Hélard
Part 4 UWB Applications 287
Chapter 15 Throughput Efficiency of Hybrid ARQ Error-Controlling
Scheme for UWB Body Area Network 289
Haruka Suzuki and Ryuji Kohno
Chapter 16 UWB-over-Fibre in Next-Generation
Access Networks 311
Roberto Llorente, Marta Beltrán and Maria Morant
Chapter 17 60 GHz Ultra Wideband Multiport Transceivers for
Next Generation Wireless Personal Area Networks 331
Nazih Khaddaj Mallat, Emilia Moldovan,
Serioja O. Tatu and Ke Wu
Preface
Ultra-Wideband (UWB) is one of the most promising technologies due to its tolerance
to multi-path fading, low possibility of interception and high-bit rate capabilities; its
main applications include imaging systems, vehicular radar systems, and communica-
tions and measurement systems. Following the power constraint and the extremely
wide bandwidth of UWB, a fundamental issue arises, that is how to manage the mul-
tiple-user access with efficient utilization of bandwidth, support the QoS requirements
of multimedia applications and provide coexistence with the existing users. This book
has identified few issues as the previous one and covers several research areas includ-
ing Low noise amplifier (LNA), ADC architectures, UWB filter, high power UWB am-
plifiers, and UWB low cost transceiver.
Mutli-Band OFDM (MB-OFDM) and Direct-Sequence UWB (DS-UWB) are two main
proposals for UWB. Due to incompatiblity of these two proposals, UWB faces huge
difficulties in commercialization. On the other hand, Impulse Radio UWB (IR-UWB)
has been a hot research area in academia. This book explores UWB RF transceiver
architectures, including MB-OFDM UWB, DS-UWB and IR-UWB. In fact, the use of
microwave frequencies (3.1–10.6 GHz) for UWB is a subject of intensive research.
However, the use of a millimeter-wave carrier for UWB communication is another
promising approach as it enables the design of compact and low-cost wireless trans-
ceivers , as it is explained in this book.
The investigation of nonlinear distortions of UWB signals runs across considerable dif-
ficulties which is shown in chapter 1. This chapter provides a solution as well. The
presented solution allows observing nonlinear transformation products of UWB signal
against the background of a continuous spectrum of a test signal.
Chapter 2 explains low sampling rate time acquisition schemes and channel estimation
algorithms for UWB signals.
A novel Received Response (RR) sequence is presented in chapter 3 to resolve the ISI
problem.
Chapter 4 presents a genetic algorithm (GA) based equalization approach for direct
sequence ultra-wideband (DS-UWB) wireless communication systems to combat the
inter-symbol interference (ISI).
X Preface
Some recent trends in designing advanced phase-unaware detectors (PUDs) are dis-
cussed in chapter 5. These PUDs have created much attention among academic and
industrial research communities due to the recent advances in both algorithm and im-
plementation issues.
A low power 3-5 GHz IR-UWB transceiver architecture is presented in chapter 6 with
maximum data rate of 100 Mb/s.
Super regenerative receivers are a promising alternative in emerging fields such as
wireless sensor networks and medical applications. In chapter 7, the suitability of su-
per regenerative receivers in ultra wideband impulse radio (UWB IR) communications
has been analyzed.
Chapter 8 presents a fully integrated, single-chip IR-UWB transceiver with ADC in
90nm CMOS for a typical short-range wireless communication application. A novel
pulse-injection-locking method is used for receiver clock synchronization in the re-
ceiver demodulation, leading to significant power reduction by eliminating the high-
power oversampling ADC and mixer. The complete transceiver could achieve a max-
imum data rate of 500Mbps, through a 10cm distance, consuming 0.18nJ/bit.
Synchronization issue which includes timing synchronization and frequency synchro-
nization is inevitable in all wireless communication receiver systems and it plays the
key role for the system performance. Chapter 9 provides a comprehensive review of
the algorithms and architectures for timing and frequency synchronization by consid-
ering the real application or implementation.
Designing frequency synthesizers for UWB MB-OFDM alliance applications faces par-
ticularly stringent challenges and performance criteria. Chapter 10 focuses the current
state of the art in frequency synthesis for UWB MBOA applications.
Commercial GaN discrete transistors and MMICs can be used in constructions of high
power UWB amplifiers. Chapter 11 is devoted to considering the developmental pro-
cess in the technology of GaN microwave power transistors and MMICs and to
demonstrate the prospects for the development of this technology as an industrial
standard in the nearest future.
In chapter 12, a method for improving out-of-band characteristics of a wideband
bandpass filter has been presented, which is suitable for the compact UWB wireless
modules. The module consists of an LTCC substrate, integrated circuits, chip compo-
nents, a shield, and the passive components embedded in the LTCC substrate (e.g. the
bandpass filter, coupler and balun).
A number of calibration methods as well as a number of generic error compensation
methods based on the processing of the ADC output are presented in chapter 13.
Chapter 14 defines the cross-layer strategy for a distributed multiuser resource alloca-
tion scheme under QoS requirements in MB-OFDM systems.
