UFC 3-260-02 Pavement Design for Airfields

538 Pages·2001·13.53 MB·English

UFC 3-260-02
30 June 2001

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

PAVEMENT DESIGN FOR AIRFIELDS

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UFC 3-260-02
30 June 2001

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

PAVEMENT DESIGN FOR AIRFIELDS

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Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the
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U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (Preparing Activity)

NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND

AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY

Record of Changes (changes are indicated by \1\ ... /1/)

Change No. Date Location

This UFC supersedes TM 5-818-2/AFM 88-6, Chap 4, dated January 1985; TM 5-822-2/AFM 88-
7, Chap 5, dated July 1987; TM 5-822-13/AFJMAN 32-1018, dated October 1994; TM 5-822-5/
AFM 88-7, Chap 1, dated June 1992; TM 5-5-824-1/AFM 88-6, Chap 1, dated June 1987; TM 5-
825-2/AFM 88-6, Chap 2/DM 21.3, dated August 1978; TM 5-825-2-1/AFM 88-6, Chap 2, Sec A,
dated November 1989; TM 5-825-3/AFM 88-6, Chap 3, dated August 1988; and TM 5-825-3-1/
AFM 8-6, Chap 3, Sec A, dated September 1988.
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UFC 3-260-02
30 June 2001
FOREWORD
\1\
The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides
planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies
to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance
with USD(AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. UFC will be used for all DoD projects and
work for other customers where appropriate. All construction outside of the United States is
also governed by Status of forces Agreements (SOFA), Host Nation Funded Construction
Agreements (HNFA), and in some instances, Bilateral Infrastructure Agreements (BIA.)
Therefore, the acquisition team must ensure compliance with the more stringent of the UFC, the
SOFA, the HNFA, and the BIA, as applicable.

UFC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to
users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing technical criteria for military
construction. Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities
Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (AFCESA) are
responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense agencies should contact the
preparing service for document interpretation and improvements. Technical content of UFC is
the responsibility of the cognizant DoD working group. Recommended changes with supporting
rationale should be sent to the respective service proponent office by the following electronic
form: Criteria Change Request (CCR). The form is also accessible from the Internet sites listed
below.

UFC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the following
source:

• Whole Building Design Guide web site http://dod.wbdg.org/.

Hard copies of UFC printed from electronic media should be checked against the current
electronic version prior to use to ensure that they are current.

AUTHORIZED BY:

______________________________________ ______________________________________
DONALD L. BASHAM, P.E. DR. JAMES W WRIGHT, P.E.
Chief, Engineering and Construction Chief Engineer
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Naval Facilities Engineering Command

______________________________________ ______________________________________
KATHLEEN I. FERGUSON, P.E. Dr. GET W. MOY, P.E.
The Deputy Civil Engineer Director, Installations Requirements and
DCS/Installations & Logistics Management
Department of the Air Force Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense
(Installations and Environment)

2
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY UFC 3-260-02
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
CEMP-E Washington, DC 20314-1000
Unified Facility Criteria
3-260-02
PAVEMENT DESIGN FOR AIRFIELDS
Table of Contents
Page
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Paragraph 1. PURPOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
2. SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
3. REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
4. UNITS OF MEASUREMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
5. PAVEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
6. USE OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
7. USE OF RIGID PAVEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
8. SOIL STABILIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
9. DESIGN ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
10. WAIVERS TO CRITERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
11. COMPUTER PROGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
CHAPTER 2. ARMY AIRFIELD/HELIPORT REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Paragraph 1. ARMY AIRFIELD/HELIPORT CLASSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2. ARMY AIRFIELD AND HELIPORT LAYOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
3. TRAFFIC AREAS FOR ARMY AIRFIELD PAVEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
4. ARMY AIRCRAFT DESIGN LOADS AND PASS LEVELS . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
5. ROLLER-COMPACTED CONCRETE PAVEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
6. RESIN MODIFIED PAVEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
7. PAVED SHOULDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
8. SURFACE DRAINAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
CHAPTER 3. AIR FORCE AIRFIELD AND AGGREGATE SURFACED HELICOPTER
SLIDE AREAS AND HELICOPTER REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Paragraph 1. AIR FORCE AIRFIELD TYPES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
2. TRAFFIC AREAS FOR AIR FORCE AIRFIELDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3. AIRCRAFT DESIGN LOADS FOR AIR FORCE PAVEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
4. DESIGN PASS LEVELS FOR AIR FORCE PAVEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
5. RESIN-MODIFIED PAVEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
6. PAVED SHOULDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
7. AGGREGATE SURFACED HELICOPTER SLIDE AREAS
AND HELIPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
8. SURFACE DRAINAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
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CHAPTER 4. NAVY AND MARINE CORPS AIRFIELD REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Paragraph 1. TRAFFIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
2. TRAFFIC AREAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
3. AIRCRAFT LOADINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
4. TRAFFIC VOLUME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
5. ROLLER-COMPACTED CONCRETE PAVEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
6. RESIN MODIFIED PAVEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
7. PAVED SHOULDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
8. PAVEMENT DESIGN POLICY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
CHAPTER 5. SITE INVESTIGATIONS .................................................. 5-1
Paragraph 1. GENERAL ..................................................... 5-1
2. SUBGRADE INVESTIGATIONS .................................... 5-1
3. SELECT MATERIAL AND SUBBASE FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS ....... 5-3
4. BASE COURSES, DRAINAGE LAYERS, SEPARATION LAYERS,
CONCRETE AND BITUMINOUS CONCRETE......................... 5-3
5. OTHER CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ............................. 5-3
6. SOIL CLASSIFICATION .......................................... 5-3
7. SOIL COMPACTION TESTS ...................................... 5-4
8. SOIL STRENGTH ............................................... 5-4
9. IN-PLACE SOIL STRENGTH TESTS ................................ 5-4
CHAPTER 6. SUBGRADE ........................................................... 6-1
Paragraph 1. SUITABILITY OF SUBGRADE ..................................... 6-1
2. GRADE LINE................................................... 6-1
3. SUBGRADE CBR ............................................... 6-1
4. SUBGRADE MODULUS OF SOIL REACTION ........................ 6-3
5. SUBGRADE COMPACTION FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS - NORMAL
CASES ....................................................... 6-4
6. SUBGRADE COMPACTION FOR RIGID PAVEMENTS - NORMAL
CASES ...................................................... 6-11
7. TREATMENT OF PROBLEM SOILS ............................... 6-12
8. STABILIZED SUBGRADES ...................................... 6-13
9. SUBGRADES IN FROST AREAS .................................. 6-13
CHAPTER 7. SELECT MATERIALS AND SUBBASE COURSES FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS .... 7-1
Paragraph 1. GENERAL ..................................................... 7-1
2. MATERIALS ................................................... 7-1
3. COMPACTION REQUIREMENTS .................................. 7-1
4. SELECTION OF DESIGN CBR .................................... 7-1
5. SEPARATION LAYERS .......................................... 7-3
6. STABILIZED SELECT MATERIALS AND SUBBASES .................. 7-3
7. DESIGN FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS ..................... 7-3
8. DRAINAGE LAYERS ............................................ 7-3
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CHAPTER 8. AGGREGATE BASE COURSES ........................................... 8-1
Paragraph 1. USE OF AGGREGATE BASE COURSES ............................ 8-1
2. MATERIALS FOR AGGREGATE BASE COURSES IN FLEXIBLE
PAVEMENTS .................................................. 8-1
3. AGGREGATE BASE COURSES FOR ARMY AND AIR FORCE
RIGID PAVEMENT .............................................. 8-3
4. AGGREGATE BASE COURSES FOR NAVY AND MARINE CORPS
RIGID PAVEMENTS ............................................. 8-3
5. STRENGTH OF AGGREGATE BASE COURSES FOR RIGID
PAVEMENTS .................................................. 8-5
6. STRENGTH OF AGGREGATE BASE COURSES FOR FLEXIBLE
PAVEMENTS .................................................. 8-5
7. MINIMUM THICKNESS REQUIREMENTS FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS .. 8-6
8. MINIMUM THICKNESS REQUIREMENTS FOR RIGID PAVEMENTS ..... 8-8
9. COMPACTION AND PROOF ROLLING REQUIREMENTS FOR FLEXIBLE
PAVEMENTS .................................................. 8-8
10. COMPACTION REQUIREMENTS FOR ARMY AND AIR FORCE RIGID
PAVEMENT AGGREGATE BASE COURSES ........................ 8-9
11. COMPACTION REQUIREMENTS FOR NAVY AND MARINE CORPS
RIGID PAVEMENT AGGREGATE BASE COURSES ................... 8-9
CHAPTER 9. PAVEMENT MATERIALS ................................................ 9-1
Paragraph 1. GENERAL ..................................................... 9-1
2. STABILIZATION ................................................ 9-1
3. PORTLAND-CEMENT CONCRETE ................................ 9-8
4. ASPHALTIC CONCRETE........................................ 9-13
5. RECYCLED MATERIALS ........................................ 9-15
CHAPTER 10. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN - CBR METHOD ........................... 10-1
Paragraph 1. REQUIREMENTS .............................................. 10-1
2. BASIS FOR DESIGN ........................................... 10-1
3. THICKNESS DESIGN CURVES .................................. 10-1
4. THICKNESS DESIGN .......................................... 10-1
5. ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THICKNESS DESIGN .......... 10-2
6. DESIGN EXAMPLES ........................................... 10-2
7. STABILIZED PAVEMENT SECTIONS .............................. 10-5
8. SPECIAL AREAS .............................................. 10-8
9. JUNCTURE BETWEEN RIGID AND FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS ......... 10-11
CHAPTER 11. LAYER ELASTIC DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS ...................... 11-1
Paragraph 1. DESIGN PRINCIPLES .......................................... 11-1
2. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT RESPONSE MODEL ........................ 11-1
3. DESIGN DATA ................................................ 11-1
4. MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION ................................ 11-5
5. SUBGRADE EVALUATION ...................................... 11-7
6. DESIGN CRITERIA ............................................ 11-7
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7. CONVENTIONAL FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN ................... 11-9
8. FROST CONDITIONS .......................................... 11-9
9. ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS .............................. 11-9
10. PAVEMENTS WITH A STABILIZED BASE COURSE ................. 11-10
11. PAVEMENTS WITH STABILIZED BASE AND STABILIZED SUBBASE .. 11-10
12. EXAMPLE DESIGN FOR CONVENTIONAL FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT .... 11-11
13. EXAMPLE DESIGN FOR ALL BITUMINOUS CONCRETE (ABC)
PAVEMENT ................................................. 11-18
CHAPTER 12. PLAIN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS ....................................... 12-1
Paragraph 1. BASIS OF DESIGN - ARMY AND AIR FORCE ....................... 12-1
2. BASIS OF DESIGN - NAVY AND MARINE CORPS ................... 12-1
3. USES FOR PLAIN CONCRETE ................................... 12-1
4. THICKNESS DESIGN - ARMY AND AIR FORCE PAVEMENTS ......... 12-1
5. EXAMPLES OF PLAIN CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN FOR
ARMY AND AIR FORCE ........................................ 12-2
6. THICKNESS DESIGN - NAVY AND MARINE CORPS PAVEMENTS ..... 12-6
7. DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR NAVY AND MARINE CORPS PLAIN
CONCRETE PAVEMENTS ..................................... 12-12
8. JOINT USES ................................................. 12-14
9. SELECTION OF JOINT TYPES .................................. 12-14
10. JOINTS FOR ARMY AND AIR FORCE PAVEMENTS ................ 12-19
11. JOINTS FOR NAVY AND MARINE CORPS PAVEMENT .............. 12-24
12. JOINTING PATTERN FOR RIGID AIRFIELD PAVEMENTS............ 12-27
CHAPTER 13. REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN .......................... 13-1
Paragraph 1. GENERAL .................................................... 13-1
2. BASIS FOR DESIGN - NAVY AND MARINE CORPS .................. 13-1
3. BASIS FOR DESIGN - ARMY AND AIR FORCE...................... 13-1
4. USES FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE ............................ 13-1
5. REDUCED THICKNESS DESIGN - ARMY AND AIR FORCE ........... 13-2
6. REINFORCEMENT TO CONTROL PAVEMENT CRACKING ........... 13-3
7. REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS IN FROST AREAS .......... 13-5
8. REINFORCING STEEL ......................................... 13-5
9. JOINTING .................................................... 13-6
10. EXAMPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN ...... 13-6
CHAPTER 14. FIBROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN .............................. 14-1
Paragraph 1. BASIS OF DESIGN ............................................. 14-1
2. USES FOR FIBROUS CONCRETE ................................ 14-1
3. MIX PROPORTIONING CONSIDERATIONS ........................ 14-1
4. THICKNESS DETERMINATION .................................. 14-2
5. ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION FOR FIBROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT ... 14-2
6. JOINTING .................................................... 14-2
7. EXAMPLE OF FIBROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN ........... 14-3
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CHAPTER 15. CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN ........... 15-1
Paragraph 1. BASIS OF DESIGN ............................................. 15-1
2. USE FOR CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS .. 15-1
3. FOUNDATION REQUIREMENTS AND EVALUATION ................. 15-1
4. THICKNESS DESIGN .......................................... 15-1
5. REINFORCING STEEL DESIGN .................................. 15-2
6. TERMINAL DESIGN ............................................ 15-3
7. JOINTING .................................................... 15-3
8. JOINT SEALING ............................................... 15-4
9. EXAMPLE OF CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT
DESIGN ..................................................... 15-4
CHAPTER 16. PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN ......................... 16-1
Paragraph 1. BASIS OF DESIGN ............................................. 16-1
2. UNITS ....................................................... 16-1
3. USES FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PAVEMENT ................ 16-1
4. FOUNDATION REQUIREMENTS ................................. 16-1
5. METHOD OF PRESTRESSING ................................... 16-1
6. DESIGN PROCEDURE ......................................... 16-2
7. PRESTRESSING TENDON DESIGN .............................. 16-4
8. JOINTING .................................................... 16-6
9. EXAMPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN ..... 16-7
CHAPTER 17 OVERLAY PAVEMENT DESIGN ......................................... 17-1
Paragraph 1. GENERAL .................................................... 17-1
2. CONVENTIONAL OVERLAY DESIGN EQUATION BACKGROUND
AND LIMITATIONS ............................................. 17-1
3. SITE INVESTIGATIONS ......................................... 17-2
4. PREPARATION OF EXISTING PAVEMENT ......................... 17-2
5. CONDITION OF EXISTING CONCRETE PAVEMENT ................. 17-4
6. RIGID OVERLAY OF EXISTING RIGID PAVEMENT .................. 17-5
7. PRESTRESSED CONCRETE OVERLAY OF RIGID PAVEMENT ....... 17-11
8. RIGID OVERLAY OF EXISTING FLEXIBLE OR COMPOSITE
PAVEMENT ................................................. 17-11
9. NONRIGID OVERLAY OF EXISTING RIGID PAVEMENT ............. 17-11
10. NONRIGID OVERLAY ON FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT .................. 17-15
11. OVERLAYS IN FROST REGIONS ................................ 17-17
CHAPTER 18. RIGID PAVEMENT INLAY DESIGN ...................................... 18-1
Paragraph 1. GENERAL .................................................... 18-1
2. RIGID INLAYS IN EXISTING FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT ................. 18-1
3. RIGID INLAYS IN EXISTING RIGID PAVEMENT ..................... 18-2
CHAPTER 19. LAYER ELASTIC DESIGN OF RIGID PAVEMENTS ......................... 19-1
Paragraph 1. RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN PRINCIPLES .......................... 19-1
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2. RIGID PAVEMENT RESPONSE MODEL ........................... 19-1
3. DESIGN PROCEDURE ......................................... 19-1
4. MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION ................................ 19-2
5. DESIGN CRITERIA ............................................ 19-7
6. FROST CONSIDERATION ....................................... 19-8
7. ALTERNATE OVERLAY DESIGN PROCEDURE ..................... 19-8
8. REINFORCED CONCRETE ..................................... 19-10
9. DESIGN EXAMPLES .......................................... 19-11
10. DESIGN EXAMPLE 1, SINGLE AIRCRAFT ........................ 19-12
11. DESIGN EXAMPLE 2, MIXED AIRCRAFT TRAFFIC ................. 19-13
12. DESIGN EXAMPLE 3, OVERLAY DESIGN ......................... 19-16
13. DESIGN EXAMPLE 4, ALTERNATE OVERLAY DESIGN PROCEDURE . 19-17
CHAPTER 20. SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS ....................................... 20-1
Paragraph 1. GENERAL .................................................... 20-1
2. FROST-SUSCEPTIBILITY CLASSIFICATION ....................... 20-1
3. METHODS OF THICKNESS DESIGN .............................. 20-1
4. SELECTION OF DESIGN METHOD ............................... 20-3
5. REDUCED SUBGRADE STRENGTH METHOD ...................... 20-3
6. LIMITED SUBGRADE FROST PENETRATION METHOD .............. 20-7
7. GRANULAR BASE- AND SUBBASE-COURSE REQUIREMENTS ...... 20-10
8. DRAINAGE LAYER REQUIREMENTS ............................ 20-11
9. SEPARATION LAYER ......................................... 20-11
10. SUBGRADE REQUIREMENTS .................................. 20-11
11. CONTROL OF DIFFERENTIAL HEAVE AT DRAINS, CULVERTS, DUCTS,
INLETS, HYDRANTS, AND LIGHTS .............................. 20-13
12. PAVEMENT THICKNESS TRANSITIONS .......................... 20-14
13. OTHER MEASURES TO REDUCE FROST HEAVE .................. 20-14
14. REPLACEMENT OR RECONSTRUCTION OF EXISTING
PAVEMENTS ................................................ 20-14
15. COMPACTION ............................................... 20-15
16. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL
FROST CONDITIONS ......................................... 20-15
17. RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL
FROST CONDITIONS ......................................... 20-17
CHAPTER 21. IMPROVING SKID RESISTANCE/REDUCING HYDROPLANING POTENTIAL
OF RUNWAYS ....................................................... 21-1
Paragraph 1. GENERAL .................................................... 21-1
2. IMPROVING RUNWAY FRICTION CHARACTERISTICS............... 21-1
APPENDIX A REFERENCES ....................................................... A-1
APPENDIX B AIRFIELD/HELIPORT DESIGN ANALYSIS OUTLINE ......................... B-1
APPENDIX C RECOMMENDED CONTRACT DRAWING OUTLINE FOR AIRFIELD/HELIPORT
PAVEMENTS......................................................... C-1
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APPENDIX D WAIVER PROCESSING PROCEDURES................................... D-1
APPENDIX E DETERMINATION OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH AND MODULUS OF ELASTICITY
OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE ........................................... E-1
APPENDIX F CURVES FOR DETERMINING EFFECTIVE STRAIN REPETITIONS .............F-1
APPENDIX G PROCEDURE FOR PREPARATION OF BITUMINOUS CYLINDRICAL
SPECIMENS ......................................................... G-1
APPENDIX H PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE DYNAMIC MODULUS OF BITUMINOUS
CONCRETE MIXTURES ................................................ H-1
APPENDIX I PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING THE MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF
BITUMINOUS CONCRETE ............................................... I-1
APPENDIX J PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF
UNBOUND GRANULAR BASE AND SUBBASE COURSE MATERIALS ........... J-1
APPENDIX K PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE FLEXURAL MODULUS AND FATIGUE
CHARACTERISTICS OF STABILIZED SOILS ............................... K-1
APPENDIX L PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING RESILIENT MODULUS OF SUBGRADE
MATERIAL ............................................................ L-1
APPENDIX M PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING THE FATIGUE LIFE OF BITUMINOUS
CONCRETE.......................................................... M-1
APPENDIX N PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE RESILIENT MODULUS OF GRANULAR
BASE MATERIAL ..................................................... N-1
FIGURES
Figure Title
1-1 Typical flexible pavement structure.............................................. 1-4
1-2 Typical all-bituminous concrete pavement ........................................ 1-4
1-3 Typical flexible pavement with stabilized base ..................................... 1-5
1-4 Typical rigid pavement structure ................................................ 1-5
2-1 Typical layout of traffic areas for Army Class III and IV airfields ....................... 2-4
3-1 Typical layout of traffic areas for Air Force light-load and auxiliary airfield
pavements ................................................................ 3-13
3-2 Typical layout of traffic areas for Air Force medium- and modified-heavy-load airfield
pavements ................................................................ 3-14
3-3 Typical layout of traffic areas for Air Force heavy-load airfield pavements .............. 3-15
3-4 Aggregate surfaced design curves for helicopters ................................. 3-16
4-1 Primary, secondary, and supporting traffic areas for Navy and Marine Corps airfield
pavements ................................................................. 4-7
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