UFC 3-230-17FA Drainage in Areas Other than Airfields

115 Pages·2006·2.98 MB·English

UFC 3-230-17FA
16 January 2004

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)
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DRAINAGE IN AREAS OTHER THAN
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AIRFIELDS
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APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED
UFC 3-230-17FA
16 January 2004

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

DRAINAGE IN AREAS OTHER THAN AIRFIELDS

Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use.
Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the
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copyright holder.

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U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (Preparing Activity)

NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND L

AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY
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Record of Changes (changes are indicated by \1\ ... /1/)

Change No. Date LocatioCn

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This UFC supersedes TM 5-820-4, dated 14 October 1983. The format of this UFC does not
conform to UFC 1-300-01; however, the format will be adjusted to conform at the next revision.
The body of this UFC is the previous TM 5-820-4, dated 14 October 1983.

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UFC 3-230-17FA
16 January 2004
FOREWORD
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The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides
planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies
to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance
with USD(AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. UFC will be used for all DoD projects and
work for other customers where appropriate. All construction outside of the United States is
also governed by Status of forces Agreements (SOFA), Host Nation Funded Construction
Agreements (HNFA), and in some instances, Bilateral Infrastructure Agreements (BIA.)
Therefore, the acquisition team must ensure compliance with the more stringent of tDhe UFC, the
SOFA, the HNFA, and the BIA, as applicable.

UFC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to
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users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing technical criteria for military
construction. Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities
Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (AFCESA) are
responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense agencLies should contact the
preparing service for document interpretation and improvements. Technical content of UFC is
the responsibility of the cognizant DoD working group. Recommended changes with supporting
rationale should be sent to the respective service proponeLnt office by the following electronic
form: Criteria Change Request (CCR). The form is also accessible from the Internet sites listed
below.
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UFC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the following
source:

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• Whole Building Design Guide web site http://dod.wbdg.org/.

Hard copies of UFC printed from electronic media should be checked against the current
electronic version prior to use toN ensure that they are current.

AUTHORIZED BY:

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______________________________________ ______________________________________
DONALD L. BASHAM, P.E. DR. JAMES W WRIGHT, P.E.
Chief, EngineeCring and Construction Chief Engineer
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Naval Facilities Engineering Command

______________________________________ ______________________________________
KATHLEEN I. FERGUSON, P.E. Dr. GET W. MOY, P.E.
The Deputy Civil Engineer Director, Installations Requirements and
DCS/Installations & Logistics Management
Department of the Air Force Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense
(Installations and Environment)

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ARMY TM 5-820-4
AIR FORCE AFM 88-5, chap 4
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TECHNICAL MANUAL E
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DRAINAGE FOR AREAS OTHER THAN AIRFIELDS
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This copy is a reprint which includes current
pages from Change 1.
DEPARTMENTS OF THE ARMY AND THE AIR FORCE
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OCTOBER 1983
REPRODUCTION AUTHORIZATION/RESTRICTIONS
This manual has been prepared by or for the Government and is public
property and not subject to copyright.
Reprints or republications of this manual should include a credit substan-
tially as follows: “Joint Departments of the Army and Air Force, USA,
Technical Manual TM 5-820-AFM 88-5, Chapter 4, Drainage for Areas
Other Than Airfields, date.”
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TM 5-820-4
AFM 88-5, chap 4
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Change DEPARTMENTS OF THE ARMY,
AND THE AIR FORCE
No. 1 Washington, DC 16 July 1985
DRAINAGE FOR AREAS OTHER THAN AIRFIELDS
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TM 5-820-4/AFM 88-5, Chapter 4, 14 October 1983, is changed as follows:
1. Remove old pages and insert new pages as indicated below. New or changed material is indicated by a
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vertical bar in the margin of the page.
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2. File this change sheet in front of the publication for reference purposes.
By Order of the Secretaries of the Army and the Air Force
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JOHN A. WICKHAM, JR.
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General, United States Army
Official: Chief of Staff
DONALD J. DELANDRO
Brigadier General, United AStates Army
The Adjutant General
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CHARLES A. GABRIEL
General, United States Air Force
Chief of Staff
Official:
JAMES H. DELANEY
Colonel, United States Air Force
Director of Administration
DISTRIBUTION:
To be distributed in accordance with DA Form 12-34B requirements for TM 5-800 Series: Engineering
and Design for Real Property Facilities.
TM 5-820-4/AFM 88-5, Chap. 4
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Technical Manual HEADQUARTERS
No. 5-820-4 DEPARTMENTS OF THE ARMY
Air Force Manual AND THE AIR FORCE
No. 88-5, Chapter 4 Washington, D.C. 14 October 1983
DRAINAGE FOR AREAS OTHER THAN AIRFIELDS
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Paragraph Page
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APPENDIX A.
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Figure 3-1
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*This manual supersedes TM 5-820-4/AFM 86-5, Chap 4, 14 August 1964
TM 5-820-4/AFM 88-5, Chap. 4
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
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TM 5–820-4/AFM 88–5, Chap 4
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1–1. Purpose and scope. The purpose of this downstream conditions leading to unfavorable
manual is to discuss normal requirements for de- public relations, costly litigations, or damage
sign of surface and subsurface drainage systems claims. Any agreements needed Dto obtain drain-
for military construction other than airfields and age easements and/or avoid interference with water
heliports at Army, Air Force and similar instal- rights will be determined at the time of design
lations. Sound engineering practice should be fol- and consummated prior to initiation of construc-
lowed when unusual or special requirements not tion. Possible adverse efEfects on water quality due
covered by these instructions are encountered. to disposal of drainage in waterways involved in
water-supply systems will be evaluated.
1–2. General investigations. An on-site inves- L
1–3. Environmental considerations.
tigation of the system site and tributary area is
a. Surface drainage systems have either bene-
a prerequisite for study of drainage requirements.
ficial or adverse environmental impacts affecting
Information regarding capacity, elevations, and L
water, land, ecology, and socio-economic consid-
condition of existing drains will be obtained. To-
erations. Effects on surrounding land and vege-
pography, size and shape of drainage area, and
tation may cause changes in various conditions in
extent and type of development; profiles, cross E
the existing environment, such as surface water
sections, and roughness data on pertinent exist-
quantity and quality, groundwater levels and
ing streams and watercourses; and location of pos-
quality, drainage areas, animal and aquatic life,
sible ponding areas will be determined. Thorough
C and land use. Environmental attributes related
knowledge of climatic conditions and precipitation
to water could include such items as erosion, flood
characteristics is essential. Adequate information
potential, flow variations, biochemical oxygen de-
regarding soil conditions, including types, perme-
mand, content of dissolved solids, nutrients and
ability on perviousness, vegetative cover, depth
N coliform organisms. These are among many pos-
to and movement of subsurface water, and depth
sible attributes to be considered in evaluating en-
of frost will be secured. outfall and downstream
vironmental impacts, both beneficial and adverse,
flow conditions, including high-water occurrences
including effects on surface water and ground-
and frequencies, also must be determined. Effect
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water.
of base drainage construction on local interests’
facilities and local requirements that will affect b. Federal agencies shall initiate measures to
the design of the drainage works will be evalu- direct their policies, plans, and programs so as to
ated. Where diveCrsion of runoff is proposed, par- meet national environmental goals and stand-
ticular effort will be made to avoid resultant ards.
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TM 5–820-4/FM 88-5, Chap 4
CHAPTER 2
HYDROLOGY
2–1. General. Hydrologic studies include a care- c. Protection of military installations against
ful appraisal of factors affecting storm runoff to floodflows originating from areas exterior to the
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insure the development of a drainage system or installation will normally be based on 25-year or
control works capable of providing the required greater rainfall, again depending on operational
degree of protection. The selection of design storm requirements, cost-benefit considerations, and
magnitudes depends not only on the protection nature and consequences of flood damage result-
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sought but also onthe type of construction con- ing from the failure of protective works. Justifi-
templated and the consequences of storms of cation for the selected design storm will be pre-
greater magnitude than the design storm. Ground sented, and, if appropriate, comparative costs and
conditions affecting runoff must be selected to be damages forL alternative designs should be in-
consistent with existing and anticipated arel de- cluded.
velopment and also with the characteristics and
d. Rainfall intensity will be determined from the
seasonal time of occurrence of the design rainfall. L
best available intensity-duration-frequency data.
For areas of up to about 1 square mile, where only
Basic information of this type will be taken from
peak discharges are required for design and ex-
such publications as (see app A for referenced pub-
tensive pondig is not involved, computation of E
lications);
runoff will normally be accomplished by the s-
Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States.
called Rational Method. For larger areas, when
Technical Paper No. 40.
suitable unt-hydrograph data are available or
C Generalized Estimates of Probable Maximum
where detailed consideration of pondng is re-
Precipitation and Rainfall-Frequency Data
quired, computation should be by uit-hydro-
for Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands. Tech-
graph and flow-routing procedures.
nical Paper No. 42.
N Rainfall-Frequency Atlas of the Hawaiian Is-
2–2. Design storm.
lands. Technical Paper No. 43.
a. For such developed portions of military in-
Probable Maximum Precipitation and Rain-
stallations as administrative, industrial, and
fall Frequency Data for Alaska. Technical
housing areas, the desigAn storm will normally be Paper No. 47.
based on rainfall of 10-year frequency. Potential
TM 5-785/AFM 88-29/NAVFAC P-89.
damage or operational requirements may war-
These publications may be supplemented as ap-
rant a more severe criterion; in certain storage
and recreationaCl areas a lesser criterion may be propriate by more detailed publications of the En-
vironmental Data and Information Center and by
appropriate. (With concurrence of the using Serv-
studies of local rainfall records. For large areas
ice, a lesser criterion may also be employed in
and in studies involving unit hydrography and flow-
regions where storms of an appreciable magni-
routing procedures, appropriate design storms
tude are infrequent and either damages or oper-
must be synthesized from areal and time-distri-
ational capabilities are such that large expendi-
bution characteristics of typical regional rainfalls.
tures for drainage are not justified.)
b. The design of roadway culverts will normally e. For some areas, it might reasonably be as-
be based on 10-year rainfall. Examples of condi- sumed that the ground would be covered with snow
tions where greater than 10-year rainfall may be when the design rainfall occurs. If so, snowmelt
used are areas of steep slope in which overflows would add to the runoff. Detailed procedures for
would cause severe erosion damage; high road fills estimating snowmelt runoff are given in TM 5-
that impound large quantities of water; and pri- 852-7/AFM 88-19, Chap 7. It should be noted, how-
mary diversion structures, important bridges, and ever, that the rate of snowmelt under the range
critical facilities where uninterrupted operation of hydro-meteorological conditions normally en-
is imperative. countered in military drainage design would sel-
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