Table Of ContentStudies in Computational Intelligence 826
Elena G. Popkova Editor
Ubiquitous Computing
and the Internet of Things:
Prerequisites for the
Development of ICT
Studies in Computational Intelligence
Volume 826
Series Editor
Janusz Kacprzyk, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Elena G. Popkova
Editor
Ubiquitous Computing
and the Internet of Things:
Prerequisites for the
Development of ICT
123
Editor
ElenaG.Popkova
Institute of ScientificCommunications
Volgograd,Russia
ISSN 1860-949X ISSN 1860-9503 (electronic)
Studies in Computational Intelligence
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Preface
The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most perspective and anticipated
breakthrough digital technologies, in which mass dissemination is expected in the
near future—for the national programs of digital modernization of socio-economic
systems of the leading developed (Germany, USA, Japan, etc.) and developing
(China, Russia, etc.) countries on the basis of Industry 4.0 are due until 2024.
ThoughthetraditionalInternethasbeenaccessibleforacoupleofdecadesnow,the
Internet of Things is a revolutionary innovation of modern times, as it possesses a
whole range of specific features.
The first feature is the emergence of high-speed and reliable Internet all around
theworld.ThismeansthattheInternetofThingswillbecomeabasisforunlimited
andcontinuouscommunicationswiththeprovisionofprecisenavigation,which,in
its turn, will raise a new wave of socio-cultural globalization. Thus, opportunities
for free international exchange of knowledge and information as economic
resources and for free movement of human resources (labor migration) will be
expanded.
ThesecondfeatureisthatalldigitaldevicescouldbeconnectedtotheInternetof
Thingsfortheirintegrationinonesystemunderthecommoneffectivecontrol.Due
to this, the opportunities for usage of the Internet of Things in production and
consumption are much widerthan with traditional Internet. Global coverage ofthe
Internet of Things allows ensuring transparency of economic activities, thus
opening opportunities for precise and targeted state regulation of socio-economic
processes.
The third feature is the systemic character of the Internet of Things, which
includes not only a wireless connection for transferring digital data but also the
control component—artificial intelligence (AI). Due to this, full autonomy of the
Internet of Things is achieved; interaction of digital devices under control of AI
does not require human presence. These peculiarities of the Internet of Things
predetermine its complex influence on modern social development, which, of
course, should be accompanied by the formation of new social institutes and the
corresponding regulation mechanisms.
v
vi Preface
Theabovesocio-economictransformations,providedbynewdigitaltechnology
—the Internet of Things—are analyzed in this volume in the form of independent
partsofscientificresearchofvariousdisciplinaryandsectorialnature.Thisvolume
is a collection of the leading humanitarian knowledge from various spheres—
primarily, social, economic, political, and legal sciences—which describe the
essenceand specifics ofpublic transformations that appear and actively developin
the conditions of the Internet of Things.
The works were selected as a result of several scientific measures, which were
organized by the Institute of Scientific Communications (Volgograd, Russia)
together with scholars of the region’s universities. Due to the interdisciplinary
complexapproach,thevolumedescribesthesocio-economicandlegalprocessesof
formation and regulation of the Internet of Things. From the positions of various
humanitarian sciences, recommendations are given for adapting to new
socio-economicconditionsforordinarycitizensandeconomicsubjects—individual
entrepreneurs, business structures, state institutes, and management bodies.
Inviewofthefactthatsuccessfulformationandprovisionofthestudieddigital
technology—the Internet of Things—is possible only in the conditions of devel-
opedinformationsociety,alargepartofthevolumeisdevotedtoinformationasthe
mostvaluableresource,aswellaslegalprovisionofactivitiesofhumanasacreator
and bearer of information.
The contributors of the volume study regularities, tendencies, and perspectives
of the development of information society from the position of various spheres of
law, which ensures its lawful functioning, protection, and methods of protection.
Active development of information technologies and formation of new spheres
ofthedigitaleconomypredeterminedthenecessityforcreatingtheeffectivesystem
oflegalregulationthatreflectsthespecificsoftheelectronicformofcivilturnover.
Constant implementation of digital innovations, digitization of modern processes,
andapplicationofinformationtechnologiesinallspheresoflifepredeterminequick
aging of the existing legal methods and means.
Development of the technology of the Internet of Things is impossible outside
of the digital economy. It provides the electronic form of provision of goods and
services and develops digital entrepreneurship. The changing architecture of the
modern economy creates the necessity for changing the structure of law and cre-
ationofnewmechanismsoflegalregulation.Formultiplespheresandinstitutesof
economy,alegalbasisiscreated—whichallowssolvingthesettasksregardingthe
sphere of management and control over the activities of the subjects of law.
However, there are separate institutes, where, due to certain reasons, information
technologies, which are necessary for effective management of modern organiza-
tions and control over their activities, are not properly used.
Digital development of technologies requires legal regulation of usage in the
business practice of cryptographic and blockchain technologies, and, according to
thegivenchanges,alsothecorrelationoflegalconsciousnessoflegislator,lawyers,
and scientific society on the whole.
Preface vii
Special attention in the volume is paid to the perspectives of development of
informationandcommunicationtechnologiesonthebasisoftheInternetofThings.
Development of information and communication technologies and transition of
businessprocessesinthedigitalformpredeterminedtheemergenceofnewsubjects
oflaw,whichwerepreviouslyunknowntotheexistinglegalsystems.Theyinclude
aggregators—information intermediaries that are connected to provision of infras-
tructure in the Internet (operators of social networks, Internet provides, owners of
sharing services, aggregators of online trade, etc.).
With the globalization of the market and the development of online civil turn-
over, the problem of insufficient regulation of new civil and legal relations and
protection of subjects that participate in these legal relations grows. Information
aggregator is not only a special subject of law but plays an important role in the
modern economic development of the country. However, the system of legal reg-
ulation,whichadequatelyreflectsthechangedconditionsofthecivilturnoverwith
theusageofinformationandcommunicationtechnologiesandwhichisaimedatthe
establishment of legal provision of new legal subject, is not yet created—which
predetermines the importance of the research performed by contributors of this
volume.
Theauthorsstudytheroleofsmartcontractsinthemodernworld,predetermined
by their capability of increasing the effectiveness of activities of the subjects of
propertyrelationsintheinternationalsphere,levelingsuchproblemsofthepractice
as coordination of will and free expression of will, the issue of enforced law and
court, verification of authorities of intermediaries, distance and time between the
physical location of bodies of legal entities, expansion of commodity turnover,
applicationofalternativemethodsofsolvinglegalconflicts,etc.Theadvantagesof
blockchain technology and legal difficulties of its application in practical activities
of economic subjects are analyzed.
Active development of information society leads to the emergence of new
technologies, which distribute also to the financial sphere. Money transfers (even
international),capitaltransfers,andloanapplicationscouldnowbeperformedwith
the help of IT technologies, without leaving home or office. This process of
transformation takes place in developed and developing financial markets. Thus,
newobjectsofcivilrightsappeared—theybecamearealityduetothemodernlevel
oftechnologicaldevelopment.Theseincludeelectronicmoney,whichhasaspecific
status and is often treated as ersatz money—they cannot be treated as a variety of
non-cash money, as they are not found on a bank account.
Quick development of digital technologies leads to their entering all spheres of
life activities of society and state. Wide informatization of society becomes an
effective method for implementing the citizens’ rights and satisfying the needs of
public authorities. A logical consequence of computerization of modern life is the
emergence of new notions in jurisprudence. For example, such notion is online
dispute resolution—i.e., resolution of disputes via the Internet. Online dispute
resolution appeared as a result of synergy of alternative resolution of disputes and
informationandcommunicationtechnologies,asamethodofresolutionofconflicts
that take place on the Internet and for which the traditional methods of conflict
viii Preface
resolution would have been ineffective or inaccessible. Development of
e-commerceandanincreaseinthenumberoftrans-borderdealsthatareperformed
remotely led to the necessity for solving the emerging disputes without direct
participation of the parties and, thus, to the new era of online dispute resolution.
A new social institute, which is analyzed in the volume and which is necessary
in the conditions of emergence and distribution of the Internet of Things, is
e-government. This is a platform for provision of electronic state services and
monitoring, control, and regulation of socio-economic processes in the conditions
of the Internet of Things.
These and other issues of social, economic, and legal establishment and
developmentoftheInternetofThingsareanalyzedinthepresentedvolumebythe
Russian scholars in close interdisciplinary and inter-sectorial interconnection,
which allows its creators to count for interest from the potential readers.
Volgograd, Russia Elena G. Popkova
Agnessa O. Inshakova
Contents
Part I Legal Development of the Information and Communication
Technologies: Online State Services, Justice, and Property
Turnover
Information Society, Digital Economy and Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
VasilyV.Tarakanov,AgnessaO.InshakovaandVladimiraV.Dolinskaya
Institute of Public Discussion of Draft Regulatory Legal Acts
as One of the Mechanisms of E-democracy Action and Its Role
in the Formation of a Civil Society in Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Tatiana K. Krasilnikova, Gennady G. Egorov, Svetlana Y. Kazachenok
and Marat G. Martirosyan
Systemic Issues of Legal Regulation for Information Aggregator
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
TatianaV.Deryugina,AgnessaO.InshakovaandMaksimV.Sevostyanov
Provision of Concert Services as an Object of Civil Rights
in the Russian Federation in Terms of Using Modern Information
and Digital Technologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Maxim V. Sevostyanov and Sergey A. Sharonov
Transformation of Non-judicial Legal Procedures Under the
Influence of the Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Marina L. Davydova, Vladislav O. Makarov and Danil V. Kononenko
Public Services in the Modern Russian State and Digital World . . . . . 53
Marina L. Davydova, Evgeny A. Mamay and Oksana I. Sharno
The Legal and Informational-Technological Regime of Access
to the Secret Protected by the Law at an Initial Stage
of Investigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Oleg A. Zaytsev, Pavel S. Pastukhov and Natalia A. Solovyeva
ix
