Table Of ContentCBEH K. .\ XT'S
~IATIIE~1ATISCHVEO ltURTIIIEL
I> HOIH~H1' Zl-'1'II~1DL\XN
lit I I.li
l)as Unlcrnuhmcu ,h•r Kl'itik, cin Sy~t•!lll ,lor Tra11sc·1•11-
.'11! ♦hm Jtt.mii1r'h,.O~rl' 'f ..T iihrg1:11~,•s 1:;; I l•~r S1hùt1i;: ...b -'rh bto 11,•r rh1l.-l1i:1-L f·la.. ...\ ., 11'( ch!ntalphilnsophic dnrch ,\ufa1ìhlnng .illl'I' rui,ll'n Fnnncn clc•r
"bi..;. J\.ca•l,.m\i•d u Wi.J:»t<n~1-:li1.i t(1l.~,~,\JI lld. ;,;. 7 b ,oJtir.-u. l)Gt◄lrn1,U Sinnlicl1kcit nnd d1c11 ~olchc1· Bcg1·ilfc clcs Vcrst:ind1·, 11I::.
ln,·cntarium dcr rcinl'n Vcnrnnft 7.11 er111iigliclw11, Leruht,•
wcst•ntlit:11n uf clcr clurch Kant 1•1-fulgtunE 11rtlcckuug-llj►l'iori~t·hr1
Elcmcutc dcs Erkc1111tniHsvc1·111ii~cnsD. a jcdoch nach K.111ù
cigc111.:rl ·~rkliirun;; llie Erfahnm;; wohl 7.11 lcl1rcn v1crniag, da""
,ich l'twas nnf irgl'ml cinc• \\'ci~c n·rhaltt·, nieht alicr tl11-s t'i'
1
8Ìch "" vcrhalt,·11 mli~sc, ~o l'l'laugt clic, Fl'age, wÌL· Kant :;t•llist
7.nr J;:11tdcck1111c~li c~cs ,, Jll'i11ri .;dangl sci, wis~cuschaftlic·lw
Bcdc11t1111gl.. .:ni~omuhr als t•im·1·,cit~ Ka11l t.cl11.,tu ui; ol,igc111
(:rundc gegcn ,liu cmpiri,1·!10 l'syl·hologic al,; Ba~is d,•r Kritik
\' erwahrung uinlcgt, anclcrcr~cit.~, wiu si eh au~ elci·\ ',·rglci,·ln1ng
~cincr ;;cloguntliclre11 ,\111lcut1111g,m< >r~ibt, 1111a11· 1f C1ll1'Ìl'i~d1c111
\Vc~i:, dm·ch l:>ull,stbu,,i1111u1u1n;;c l HcHc:xiou, all111iilig zur ,\b
sondcrnng jPncr l'C'Ìlll'II 1':lmnuntr 1rn~urcr Erkc11utnisg gckc,111men
i,,t. Dcn ::idilib~d zur Liìsung ;;cwiihrl ,lie fra11~t•c11th•11tall)i,•, _
dnction, wdche rlas Dascin aprinrischcr Elc111c11tu" 1n·i,wi alh
Bcclingnn;, dc;r i'llii;;lichkcit 1lcr Erkc1111t11iss ìilwrhaupt ,Iurzu
tlum vcrsneht. Diesel be wunlc· Lclrnuntlich ,·on F rie,, Kant\
transccnclcnlalc•s Vornrthcil ~c11a1111t, hcl'llht ab,•r in il,rctn
llrnck vnn Ad,1UJ tnlzb:1cUl<1"nD W l"u IH''iCJ1tlicl1skn Tlll'il, in ci(•1· n. .1 liH'IÌn11 ,1,., lt•,111,,·,·rul,·1lt:clu1
)c. Il. CniH.T1111 u-U1JrhJruc1tn-e1.
1.04f)U6
4 7. i !'1fl'I Prmn. 11n. fi
.\,•sthl'lik. Yi••h11"11nr uf dnem ·t11clL·l'l•11,J. ,,111 1•1~•·1ttliL,h,·n\ rn 1,i!S aut' dl.'11 11,·nti;.;1•1 '1'11~ tlll,l!<•:-chlid1ttc•- n :--treit licn·orµ;t•-
nrth ilt• Ka11t'~. ,l.1~s 11:irnlich alle mathl'lllatisdwn l rth,·1k 1·11f 1u hat. .
",. n t li,. ti, l' h ,. t· "\ ·ttlll' ~ci,•11.D i:1111li Il r 1mtc•1·r li,·,er Ynt"llt:'· Da~~1•1lw lil trifh uitmlu·li di,· Fraµ;e, aut W<'l1•h1•1\1\"1l' ;!;••.
,;,t1.n11", ,l111eli "' h-lw .-i1·h Kn11t ,·,011 ,,·inc11 \'11r;.rii11g'c1·1i111. , dil Exi,-t<·uz j1•11c~ apr1,,r1"i-h,·n ,Zu,-ati1c,' z111·l ·:rfalmtu~ 0 i11
lu•~"tt•h•n , 11111 \11111,·, alwr 11uclt \'OII ,l,•11 a11al.,·tisdn•11~ lathe 1111,creu, J<;l'k,·11nt11i,,v,.nnt1g1,1,·1c oran,,gc,,.,tz-t. dic• El'ki>lln°t11i,-,,
111alik••f'II1 •11dt., i,·ol,·11 tn•nut, m(\s,,c11 cli, Y,11·stdl1H1)!e11, ·on clicRIJ:-letzt,•l'••JI "''111,t ,\111·chd a,; ErkL•nntni~s,·1•rn1i;1-(l'm11, 'ii-:lit·li
Jl,rnm u111l1 /,\'it, ,,i" ,li,, Kritik l,ch:mptr-L :tllcrclin~s 1·,•inè ,\11- >'1•i' 1 \\'ii1·c rin s11h-ll!'r 11icht ,·ol'hn11rlc11c, 11lcrc lc-~cn Hcll·l't••n
~cha111111µ:c~•1L1• inn n,l ist ,lie fulg-e11,cltwe1·1E·x i,,tcnY. :1prinrisd1t•r doch unsiclwr. s,, wiirl' jcn1·r ,apri11risd11, Z11.-atY.,'; c\11,t fii r
Fonnc11 itt1 Erkeuutnb~vermiig'l:11 dmd1 ihrc <'Ì,;e11cè rwic:-en. 1111" gal' 11id1t 11clers o g11t wic ni,·ht w,rlurnclcn. Wl'il "ir nic
D:1,s 1lie,c .\11sic:l1tK a11t'~ alwr, s,1 w,·it ,ic ,lic malhcmati~chL·n wisscn o,ler Wt•nig-:'te11,u-icht lllÌt Sid,crhcit wb,cn ki,1111ten.
l'rtltcilc hètrifft, ein Vurnrth,·il ~,•i, g-cl1t aus c!Pr k1·itisc:hcn welclwi· Thcil 1111,ùt'CI' ,·cl'mcintc11 Erkc1111tniss ,C:rnud,,tnff·,
Hcl,,nc:lnung-~cincr fiir tli,, S) 11thctischc 'Xatur dcrsolbm1 ~c welc-hcr ,zn~atz' ,;<.,Ì. ì\'i1· IJcl,indcn nm, tl:1mit n11~1•fiihr i111
fiihrtcn ncw,•isi, hcrw,r. Dic,es mathcmnti~cl,c V11rnrd1cil gleichcn Fall mit cinctn ;\fanne, dcm wolil bclrnnnl ,,!ir,·, ,la.s,
Kant's 1111111l e,~e11F 11l):L'n l,ililùn rlen C:cgcn~tancl tlcr nnch cinc ~t•wi,,FC) lct~dl111i,;cl111nc/d-:l c B1•sla111lthcilci n "ich "c·ldi,,~,,c.
~tehe111lc•nB C'lrncl,tnn;;. 1ler ahor kcin ~littcl h,·,H.•~••·d i1•hulhl'1t i1111 ,i11zc:11c1F1n llt· vn11
dcr ll!Wdlcn Lcgiernn.g :tlJ1.t1i:;eill'idc11.
Kaut ~<'IÌlst scl1t\i11t ,licscs l'rnblcm~, ,la~ ,·1111d <·r n1:
hanph111;;. rlas~ es IIJ•l'iori,,elio El,,mcmtc im Erkc1111tni~s1, :rn1ti
::r,m gcbc, ~iinzlich vc1•,i•Jiicdc11i i-I. sicli er,t nal'ht1•ii~lil·h \'iilli~
Le\\·ttsst i.;cwonlen z11 sciu. nal'htlcm <•r l ,crtih ,·cr:-nl'lit hatt,·.
mittcls dcs a1,riori~dw11 Znsat1.cs aus dc111E rkc1111t11issv<.,rmii):!'c11
cinc nllgc111cingiltii,:c•E rfohrnnl! zn lJl'g"l'ii111l1•1J1c,1 111 ol,i.~i,
~tcl\1• iM t·1·st in dcr ;,;wcittm .\u~1-(al11•d l'I' \'t·rnunftkritik hi11-
Kn11t Lc~innt ~1·i11 l la11pt11, ·rk 111itd cr B,•111crk11ngd, a"~
zugcknmmc11. Dic r,r,;lr ,\u,g-alic, auf .Jcrcn .\ln1·cielmn;.::,•11v uu
alle 1111,;1.:Ercr kcuutnis, 1.wm· rn i t 1k1· Erf:dtrnni; 1L11lte1Jca,l Jl'r
allcn fol~c11Ll1~"1i1c bclrnnnt :-;,:l11)Jll'llha11czr- ncrst ).rrosscs, nac:h
,\:1n1111e ludi nil·ht Pbl'II alh· n Hh tkr E1·fohru11g cnb1.ri11gt•.
C cbcrweg's Xachwcis Yiclfach iil,crtriolJcuc; ( 1cwicl1t gclc~t
])"nn dt!r Zeit 11:lcl1 p;chc kcine Erkcnntniss in tUI~ vor clcr
hat, hat statt c!Cl.cl'r :stcu und zwcitcn ,\Lh1·l111ittesd er l·:i11l1•it1111g
Erfahru11~ vorher: es !,unne aber wol hci11. da,;; sclhst u11~1•n•
t:-i, \\'. hcr. v. llartcnstein 11.S . ,Jij-;3x) ciuc kiirzcrc IJarstcll1111~
Erfoliru11g,c1•k._,1111t1e1ii1s1~Z 11,am1m~11gc~,.tzksa us d1•111s ci, \\ as
t!':ì.3 , umi 39 .\nm.), i11 wclchcr !ilo,- 1·,1111 km \\,rl1;1111lcJ1-
wir ,lurùli Eintlriil.'kc l'111Jl!Ìll1~1•n,u ml llcm. was 1111ser1 •igl'lle~
scin ,gcwi~scr urspriinglicher Bcgriff,· unii nn~ ilrncn erzcngtcr
E1·k,•1111tnis~,·l•rmiigl'J1 au,: hich sl'lbst hcrgi!Jt, \\ el chcu Zu
L'rthcilc. clie giinzlich a vriori ~incl', ,li,• l:L·dc, ,lic Erliiutcrn11g
h n t z w i 1· ,. "n j e ne 1u G r II n 11:; to ff e 11i eh t P h e r u II t t' r
aLcr, da,,s man diosclbcn crst uach ,lan_g-e1l·' chung 1111d.\ uf
hl' h <Ji d c n, uls Lis langc Ucbung uu,; d111·a11f a1tfmcrk
sa111 1111d zur AlHoudcrun~ tlc~sell,c11 ~cschickt gc:- merk~amkeit' von clcm ,Unmdstoffc• Y.ll ,11ntcrsclwidcn umi al,
/.ttsondern' im Standl' sci. mit 'lillschweigc11 iil,crga11~e11 i~1.
111acltt hat.
.\uch dic selli' anschaulichcn Heu•ichnungcn /!rund,-toff· und
1n tlcn am Sl'hln~~ hcrvorg-chobcnt•n \ \' ortcn i~t crn .Z11sat1z, jcne fiir ,lcn ,rohcn :-:itoff~ innlid1cr EinJriickc·, 1Lic~e
l'rol,!cm cnthalteu, das, so nuschcinl,:u clic ~tt•lk sid1 for clic , \' erstanclcsiìil1igkcit', <lcn,r•llJcn ,w ,·erglciclwn, z11
au,nimmt, ,tic Ldwn,fmge 1\e,; K:mt'~ehcn l' 11tcrncl11nc11~ ,·erkni.ipfcn o<lcr ,m trcn11c111 11nd so ,zn ciner Erkenntni~~ ,lcr
lwr(ilirt, untc•r scin,•11 N:11,hfo!gt!rn ticf~<'lwm1,, Spaltung und li~·i:;-cnsUindcr .11 ,·erarl1eitt•11, dic Erfohrnng heisst' ~foti cr,t
1
li 7.1 tner• 111n. f I I) i
,·Ì"r11 111111, lurfon wr,hl 7.11 jr·111I l ,\'r~· ,c11111parati1•c1.i1\l•l gcmci11hc-izt u:mln scn, "cll'lw allc11 :111~r ln
,I r zw,•it,•11 \l 11-~li' ,h,' • t,\lu,.n, "' "t'7.,11 I1l "c11· l cn' 111, 1"cl, lw ' "I\' Erliilir1111gg c~l'h6pftcn t 'rthl'dcn i11111•\\ nlmt; alwr cr lnt , 1111
lt• • ,ruu,..I1l 11t ,c1• t 1• 111d, , . .,. "1Z I,I. , I 11 1111 lili,ht· ,\ Yon. 1.. 2. \, •I l ,le.nsl'll,,,n kciuen GeLn1 , ~e ncht. E1i;t nl,; li 11111cz nr Ei11-
l,,J1 111 \lI "1 ,111a1.1,, l • C1• ( ' I t 11liii g1l1 t I\• 111! Il, ,I, ())• I li t• 1:•- 51•l1wHI')',l' .• , sit·lit k:u11, cl.n;, ili,. nah, Z111·r1,i l'ht in di,• 1·r•a),. Oclt1111g a11,
., • • ~ 1111k1 Il1 I 1, ti, I' e t"ll 11 \11~; lll' nn, ,\\ot,111 uanm " ,le, l~rfohrm g 1,-esch,,pf ili ,J, 111 Z11cifi.•lJ ,J.,~,li, gc uud
I',l, 11, ,11 (n 1tu1111JI " l'l1l un't •1•11' 111,.:1•11 e·•1 11 11111. "g,1 ", Id) i,• ,-Il 'lu1111 l'.-i.1 111I 1I 1-("ll geme],. ,J,\.1q 11o ih11e h Erfohrnn~ .dh·m zn :-ìtmuJ.. f..01111111d,1 1
~, ,i-nn 111 ", u Il u·l1t 111d1t •~1111 , •r n, (K.. 11li1~ 111:-,:.1o l,i i r ( h'. 11 lii, lntL l ei \'C'1hl ltni ,011 l'r.;:icl11 1111d\\ 'irk1111;=, ~• 11,st 11irlit c-1-fol1•1n
J :,•111'1I 1l 111I liii~ 1 lI ' n1'Itlc ·•1h 111•1~a11 •1 u1g ,1•,1t+111j1 1" 11 1t1 , 1I IIClIt ll tL 'Ì"'i"(o''I H .nIl ., 11d1•1tlllll:! !H;C·rih, 1•c1h•riocn11 •1d1 Fl11h11t1li1Z c l , it, ~!-,,l ip, ticmisamthne~• 11z1u, 1lt111:·\i\cnlhincl•'11r1t1 h cilt1>1 c1ho•rh cd seui
1iI:1l '.hr1I"l1r\ 1t1•l i 1'1· I1.\,, U 1H1.'" l z., .I1.I :• 1J, 1.;1• •1h1'1 1! 11rZ .1 11h1•tc ,;n ,,..1r. 1".,.'. ,.,1l .l ,l,1• •1)1l 1, , . C\ 'tf 'II1lIi1 I 1•' 1J 1' :1 -,'1 ..1 1•I , ll , l l·l1ll1l 11:io.,t11t1· 1I, 1p,,wt.- s. 1l1·:rt-• ,1 1,,1,1 ,, d0, ftlii i.1I. ;t11 t1i t1"1 Lt1lc i,1·ih 1uu hlli r, n1.t1:i: 1en :ul iu ,mld'I tllIi ·. I 1h11 t·1,1 fa atll11111r1n•1r1nn1~a tt li1n~•i1r 1·kh111,•• l1"11i11l ·u11-l1wct 1i1ll1111i oc•t ìt1enl 1i n1~L1111r1 n11aldli.,1}; tc.i ,1,1·11h1,I: ,
Il ff, 1111•\ 11,.:•1 11..1;r1 .,. i 111• 1:, i<IPnZ 1uwl111i l' , \ Il,, 11i1•!itieln, ti~chcn I I thcil
J 11 Il, 11 t. lr Il \ •~t11ti l, Lii, lil Il dt I :--k,J l•Ì fll"CJ•;!C:!d11•11
tli il~ lii, Il \\ i e· , , I 11 \' c1·,w.111l, E i t I i;k 111111, 1:t K.1111 , Il, t l'r ,hg 111. liO 111111
th I II li h li 1 I'~) d1.,ln,.;i1 • ,I eh njc111i,:u1 I,. z,wl1111'1h .11 ol1·1· il1111 11 1lc111d o!!m,,tiscln•n
, Bc1l11f1n i 11
I Il --d1h1111111..t;1r '" l.t 11,ilw. E I t 11l1It mdnc '\'i scn 11c111..;
~!'111, ICI i~k il !111:,, llt•t•h 1111'11l11 1•n·111-g1•l1ttl1w11•1111◄ l~11, d,1ss ti i;ich ,lii ele·III·
ni, ht n idi cl .,. :-, il dhu, 11111l i 1h11 11111 111 Httrcff e inc cinzi;tn J'unktt h.11
1, •lich ? sn111l1 m 11 ck, n fo 111, 11i l11c111l u· 111 Ilt11dl , ino, 11Hlc111, 1l11 fìh
i t ,li, Ent cin I,, it1.1 l11 l 11t,·rn,·l111111 t1 , 1l i:ln;:ni y Il 11al'll l1c1 t inr1
t, 1111' ~ h I u1~,-t ,nth r .::di, "lfll i\!, 111111:.;:;d ,licl,cn ist. i,:I, t crcr l1t11,1f
tlu: 111,,t:qol,.\ i ,,J,u1 l•·lzt,111 ili, 11111th1•111a1i d1r11
t:,
k, 11111111 l.
J 1111Il htl11 h 1lt·1 l 1st,•1~ Il I, ;,,t K,1111 t lii \', 1 J1,dt111 7.11
11111111i n eh-11 1'1rlt.:011 11111 lii J(:j cll,st 1l:u. 1111111, ~in•
\1111 t111c111 , im-.1~l11 1l1 1 "ichti •en ll,;riffo tlcr ~lt1,1phy,ik,
,l,·111 ,!, 1· \'ttknlipfnng ti, 1 I I a 111 1111tl\ \'itlmng an , 1111,I
ft 11lc1 lt 1lie \ Cl 111111ftt lit d. , 1..,1l,tI ilm 111 ihrl'm :--,l 111rh
r1:1.1•11"Iz u h11l11•111 1111 111111H ,,h 1111,l \111\1,,rt ?.11 ;;11!"•11 1111!
"d, 1
l1 11 Hccht1 i, ich ilcnkl: ti .. t11, o l1t l'l1.1/f, 11i ;cin
k,,1111e eia , ,~c1111t'" ,.,, cl7.I i 11 ilnelnrrli , 111'!1< '111.1s ,\ntlcn·
11 ,11111n< · I 111 • I l,1 d, r \' c1 nu11fl ~·111z
l1d1 111111 , • 1 111 11 , 1111• ,1lch, VC"r
hi11il1111::z-11 I uk II lu1h, llm11c 111111t•1J 11 1n d1lid1 lJ,.1,k <'11'
11 1111 111c c11th.1lt N ,th\\ 111ligk..,•,1 ,., s, i nl,, 1 ,.:,11
11icht ,il,zu eh, u, 11ic ti 11\1111 111,1 1 El\111,-i~t, l'l11as ,\wl, re~
11 l111m li• \\' 1 , 1 1th clii 11111t, I I111111c1 1111 l1.1hc larau
,;, hl cn, 11,1 111 \ 1111111fItI I, 11111 il1t.!>'••111 lk,;ritlt ,.;nnz
.',111111,•rni;\1111 [t 21 [ I 3)
nnd i,rar hclrii"t', rla~< :-i1c ih II f:ilsl'lrlirh fur 1hr ,•ig-i,nl'~K ìnt! jcn,'r Dogriflc. "·or:ud ur, nnthrl,i111 os il111111 1itd ur Aufliis1m••
!mite da er 1lo1•h 111l'l1ts,\ 11d1•rc~ als ,·in Ba,till'tl 1lcr F111bil dc:s ll111. 111.•'sc•hl'l1'w1 lilcms nid1t 1,lt,s in einelll l1cson1lcrc~1 1
rh1ng~kraft ,1:1, dii 11111·,•}h~ l'fahrn,,~ ~•·~dl\1iu1;..:t·rl, !.:Cll'i""I' F:1II, ~n111lc1·inn \li:-ieht anf dai; ganze V cnniigL·n dcr rcin .. 11
\·11r~tl'lh111.I.l( • 1111t<<-rl :1.(, h1~, I,; rl,-r \.,s t"1:\li ,11 lll'in;.:1 1uul 1:i11t1 Vurunnfr gclungc.•11w ar, ,sichcrc', ,,li~lcid1 Ìlmncr nur ln11gsan11
1lar:n1s e 111sp1i11:!u111slut I, j L'1 ·I i I t \oth" cndigkr•it, cl. i. ( 11 ~diritte tlnm konnte, nm cndlic.:h dcn g:1nzL111U mfang dei·
1\11)11,h,•itr, n,,1 •i111 11hj 'l ti I" :111, 1:i11,1d1t 1111le1sd1iL•hct . 1111 t'LtÌnl'n Ycrnnnft. in sciucu Greni11;11SO \Y1JI als scin1J1n luhnlt
hi1:rn11,; f.,J~c,rt,· L"I'; r!,,.Y 1·nm11ft halic ~ar kuin Ycrn,iigun, Yulbtiindig 1111<n1a ch 11llgl.'11l♦'Ì1H,11 l'rincipicn zu licstimuicn,
~okhc \',·rkniipfung,:11, ,wrh m11· i111, \llgu111cinc11, 7,11r lunkcn, m•khcl' denn rlasjcnigc \lar, was :;\Tctaphy~ik beclarf, um ihr
11cil ihl't.· J\,·griff,. a!K,l:.1111h l11ss1•f :rtlil'l1t1111gn, scin wiinlt:n, Systcm nach cincm ,.,iche1·n' Pian auszulìihrcn.
un,1 :ili, ihrc rnrgcl,lid1 aprionsd11•11 Erk1•1111t11i>-1s11:·i rc111 1i1·ht~ 1l ass •·~ Kant rcdli<:11n m 1licsc ,Siehcrheit' zn 1hu11 11·ar.
ili~ falsd1 g1·~ll'111p<'ltcg 1•111cim:E rfahrnn;..,1•n, 11rldws clirmo l,c,larf Wlll kci11ur V crsichcn111g; chcr lictliirftc sei11u V cr~ichc
1·id sa~I. ab e~ ;..:iiloli' il11•l'lllkl einr• :\lclaphy,ik unii ki,11111an· eli ntnA", dn><»c 1· ,-,ich dcr Zahl Ullll 1lcs l.Jrspnmgs jcncr Ilcgrilfc
kl'Ìl1" gl'llf'll, aus dcm rei1w11 V c1·sta111lc, vcrsichcrt' halJc, cincr solchcn.
Kaut ncnnt ,lit",!' l-'11lg1•1·11n,igil ll'rnill 1111,l1 1111·icl1tig'; l>cnn ila cr uach sei11t•1·c igcncu Vcrsiehcruug tlcr Zahl un<l
Ilumc hah,, ~1•i11:- :l'hiO, 1111t1•s i11 :-:ielll'rlll'it zu l,ri11:.;n•, m1f de,; apriorischcn Prsprungs tlic:,cr Hcgriffc scl1011, sichcr' 11·:i1·,
tlcn :-itraurl \clrn Skq,ticoi,nrn•:) :.;c,ctr.t, da t•s d1·11n lic:.;cn 111111 clw cr nn rlcl'Cn Dc1htctin11 è,Ìng, ,o kann soiuc Zuvorsicht auf
Ycrfault•n miigc, ~hlt il1111rn incu l'ilotcn in ,.\"t'.bcn, d1.:r 11acl1 dcrcn Sichcrhoit unmiiidich c1·~t anf rlicsc Dc,lnction "'Cbaut
., o '
1-icl1crcn l'rinl'ipi1•11 rlc1· :-:trnt"l'IIHlllnslrn11~1d, i,· ans clcr K1•nnt :<un,Icrn 1111i.~asn :; an,11.wn Q11clll'11g -cschiipft scin. Dic Dc-
ni~s rlu> ( ìlol►u,; gczng1•11, ;incl,. 111ite i11c1·, ·oll,tiincli;!cll ~cck:mc 1luctio11 wiirc ,;trc11g 1-iCllommcui ilicrtlii~sig, ,lcnn ¾lii' Erhiilntn"
1111dt: irn·m C1rnnp:1,~ 1·1•r,-1•lir•n,d n,; :--d1iff ,i1·l11•r fii11rt•1k1m 111 ciucr Zm·crsil'11t, die sic-h ,lcr Z:1hl 1111,lll u,: 1·n11d cr Erfahnu1:
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wohin e~ ihn1 gut cliinkt. unahliiin~ii-;011 Ct'SJH'llll);s. a111'J1,· or dcrsclliun nn,I oh ne 1lic--
Kant lii~-t ,l,·11 L,·,,·r nìd11 i111Z w1•ifcl. ,la,:,; c·r 1lar11ntcl' ~cll,c 1·cr,;ichcrt wciss, ka1111s ic nichts 1110hrh citr:igcn.
,cinc Kritik clcr r,·i1w11 \'l'l'llllllft 11u•im•. ( ,enulc 1lie in 1lt•rscl \rcn11 Kant sic tlcunrngcachtct nicht 1111r1 1icht 1111tcrliisst,
h1'11 nic,lcr_:!;d<'l,!tlE-11td1•1•lrn11a~p l'Ìlll'Ì~t•hl•rE lemenlc in 1111,u1·cm ,wn<lcrn mit crkliirlicl1c111~ tolz auf l.'iu \\. crk hlil'kt von <lc111
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Erkunntni,;,1·1·rmtìl.(1'11g :ilt ilnu 11nd gilt \'iclcn nnch hc11ti111ag1· ,;in so scl1arfsin11igcr :\laun wic ll11u1c ,uicl1ts 1,cal111t' hat,
ab dn~ einzigc Hull11crk gt·~cn tlit• 111iiglicLc Wic1lcl'kel1r dcs ~o schuint e~ fo~t ab ha Le cr ~ic li tmtz tlcs \' crsichcrt
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'kcpticisnm~ 1111cl Empirisnrn,,. Kaut n ..r ,achtc, oli sieh nid1t SLtills s11wohll iinsichtlid, tlcr Zal,1 nb ,Ics apri,ll'i~chcn l.Ir
Humu's Einwnl'f 1tllgc111ci111·o rstdlt•11 lic~sc 11111ti1u irl, in,\crn II i1· ~prungs jcucr Hcgrifl'u mindcr ~i1•hu1g' cfiihlt, ul,- c1· \)8 ,,dwi
liii$ iuiiglichst scincr ci,;cnou \\'nl'tl' l1tdicn1"11,d 11,s ilcr Bcgriff nun 1rnlltc.
1lcr Ym·kniipf11n~ 1·,111l' rsad1è 11111\1\' irknn;.: bt•i wcikrn niclit 1 >ic ,\ustlcl111t111)c.l(c s l hu11c'sl'hu11 l'rnhlcms tilrnr alle Bc
clcr einzigc sci, llnrch dcn d1•1· Vcrstaml a pl'Ìul'i sid1 Yo1· griffu, '.dun:li wcldiu clcr \' crstancl II priuri c;ich\ ' crkniipfu11gcn
kniipfn11gcu dcr [)in/.!:e tlcnkc, Yiclmchr ,las" Jfct:1ph,' sik gauz clcr D111god cukt' 11ar aLcr nid1t clic ciuiirrc Ncuerunr.
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11111g1a r tl11rn11s Lc:ltchc. :-;,►l'11rt '-llt:htc cr ><icl1i lrrer Z:tld ZII weklw Kant nn J [inne'.; :--kcpsis vurmil1111. Dicsc hattc tli1,;
,,·crsichcrn\ l1111l1 1ac.:h1lm1il11 11111l ic:-,nac.:h \\'unsch', 1I. i. a11~ 111athcmatischcn Urthcilc intact gclasson, wcil sic ilrr mrnlytisch
cincm l'Ìnzigcn l'ri1ll'ÌJI g1!l1111gcn wm·, ging cl', 1mn111clir otlur viclmchr idcntisch uucl folgli<:11o vidunt schicncn. Cngc•
, ,·crsichcrt', 1lass sic 11icht, 11·ic 1111111h1c•~ urgt hnllc, w1n <lllr acl1tct cr zw:u· s,tgt Kant sclhst (Prolug. HL I 8j) clic Ein
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El'fohrung ahgclcite1, son,lcr:tt aus 1lcrn rci1wn \' erstandc cnl ll1oilung 1lcr Siitzc Hicht unlcr dcr Bcnunmmg gc1uucht lmbc,
,:pnu1gl•J1 scicu, an ,,las :-{ehwcr~tc, was jcmal~ zum Bcl111f wiu es 1·011K ant gc,.,chchc,, so 11·m·s cinu ,EinLilduug·, rei ne
1lcr .:ilotaplrysik untcr11omn1c1w1 rn·,lcn', nii1Hlicha u rlic, Dctl11t.:1io1n; ~fatl1cu1atik l1l'r11l11iL• t(li~li1·l,a ni tieni :--atz,, 1lt•~\ \'i1lc1·,,111·11cl1cs,
r
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rloch gcwi:s~ ,,1Y icl als ol, er ~usagt hiittc: ~1c cnthahc bln" rl'~l 1111;:;,;er 7,w,·ift:l, ,ta~~, li, 11111tl1cn1aliM~hLc'r1tl1ll 'ile, an rlcro11
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un al) tisi.; h e Satze. Darin lwlrn er mm, fiihrt Kant fort a pri11ri 11i,·11HlllZ•l\\ cifclt, ~j 11thcti~ch siutl, ~o siml sy111lll'ti~1:h
(,1.1 1. O. Il I. 185, ,•gl. Krit. tl. r. V. 11. S. ;"10),g a r 5 eh r g c :11,riori::chc' l"l'thuilc in ihm.'11 thntsiichhch gcg,•hcn, unti ,tu
i r r t, uml dii.:.serI n·thum hattc (gor:.i1lc \\ iu die cntgcgcngcsctztc ,rns wi,·klich ist, ,locli aucl, miiglich sciu muss, s11h ahu11 11i1
Beh:111ptm1gf iir K:1-nt)a uf sciueu ganzc11 Bcgriff cntschc1dend hl11s 1lic llt,diugnngcn zn u11turs11d1c11n,n tl'r wdchcn 11Ktthc11ia
nachthciligc Folgcu. l >enn da 11m uc ( l'l1cnsn wic K,\llt) von tiscl1c Erkcnntniss,. rniiglich siuil, u111d aran tlic Bc,lingun,;cu
Llcr Notl1wcndigkoit uncl Allgc111cinhcit (fnlglieh fler ZII he;:;itzun, 1mtcr 1\·ull'hun synthetisch-111H·iurische l'rtlwilc iihc1-
aprinrischcn Natm) dcr ma I lal l 111a ti~ eh e n U1thllilo iib1:r lmnpt 111iiglichs i nel, "·01·an sid1 rla11n ,1 il·dcr lUC l' otersnchnnn
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zcugt wnr .,;o war tlic Bt•antw11rtung tler 1-'mgu. 11b dic:;clbcn k11Hpft, oh <liese flerlingnn~ audi hci sy11tlwtÌ$Ch-npriori~chu11
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nnalytisch odcr ;;y11thciisd1 suiPu gl<.:ichhcdcutund mit rlcr Hc l "rthcilcn, di,• nicht -math1m1atischcr Xnt11r sin(! (r.. E. 11101"
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antwortung jencr anclcrun, "iu ~ynthcti1\chc Urihuilu a [ll'ÌOl'Ì physischc11)1 crt'iillt zu w,;n·dc11, ·crn1ii1,;c11.
iiburha11pt miiglich scicn '? w"ldw nach Kunt'11 cigcncrn Gt·· Das ist dcr Grnn1I, wnrn111 Kant, •lem dic :tpriori~clw
i;tiimlni:;s (Prol<'g. lii. IS7) ni~untli,·h rlcn lnhnlt 1lcr Kritik 1ll'1 Natur ,lcr mathcmatischl'II Erk1,1111!11iss~o g-111 wic IIumc s,•ll•~t·
rcincn Vcrnuuft ausumcht. V1•1-..tiirnllichis t, so grusscs Gcwicht rlarmd' lcgt, dass clic mathl'•
lliill<.: niimli<:h, su~t Kant (a. a. O. I ~:i), llnmc clic rnathc· 111:tti~clll'nl' rthcilc• llllrl'hnus s y II t ho ti s1.:h e r Xatur sci,·n. Uc.11•
111uliscl1cnU l'thcile nicht t'Ur a11alyti~cl1 (soudern wic tlie metn fiiuftc Ali~chnitt <lcr Ei11lcit1111ig1 1 1liu Kritik ,ler rci11c11\" e1·•
physi.,chc-11 fiir syuthctisch a. priori) gc-lialtcn, so hiittc m· scin<' 1111nft (11. 4'i) bcginnt mit dcn durchscho:mm gc1lrucktu11 \\"111'•
Frngc, ,1·1•gc11• ll:>-l Tr,pm11gcs 1111~1•ruSr.) ntlictisl'hcn lfrtLcilc, tc·n: )l11thu11111tischl L'r·t hcilc si111li usge:mmmt synthcti,ch. Kant
wcit iilll'r ~cim•o 11wtaphy~isl'hc11 !kg-riff iler l 'a11salitiil cl'l\'CÌ· fiigt diu ,\nmcrku11g hinzn: dicscr ~alz schcinc tlcu Bcmcrk1111
re1·t 1111<! sic am:h auf clic ~lii~lichk,•it ,hir 1'iathPlllatik a priori ~l'll dt•r Zcrglic,lurcr ,lc1· rci11c11V cnmnft hi::hcr cnt~1111gcu,j ,,
ausg"dchnt. Abd:11111a hrr hiittc er ~l'i1w 11a•ta1,liysischcn :-Ìtilzc ,dlen iht·cn Vl•rmntlmngcn goradczu c11tgt•gc11gusclztz n ,,•iu ~h
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kci11es" egs auf bln:<SP Erfal11·11ngg rii111lu11k i11t11l·n, w .. il cr ci• glcich 1111wi,h•rsprcchlichg cwiss mul in dcr Folge ~1·11w1i·d ,
sonst cli,· \xiome <l.-r )'c·ine11 )lathe11mtik ohL•ufalls rlur Er til; sci. Das Lctzlcl'C ist ausscr Zwcifcl, ila~ Er,tc1·c ,,•enigl•1•.
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fahrun~ 1111lcn111rfc1h1a h.-11 wìil'<lc, wcll'l1cH zu thnn cr ( wic \ \'pnn rliu 111athcnu1tischc11l I rthcilu nieht synthctisch ,:ind so
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Kant mit He,·ht a11111Prkt) ,·id zn 1•i11~1•lw1111\I, tr. Dic ,gnte fohlt Knnt's gm1zcr Vcrnunftkritik rlur Buclcn. In rlic~mn I'1111kt1•
Gosdbd111ft', 1111chK ant';; gci~11·eichc111,\ 11sd1·11t·kc. in wclchc hat ,;r-in jii111,rstcr n.,schicht;;chrcibcr, Kuno Fischcr, rid1tig
ilic mclaJlhpbchcu Urtlll'il,· :sotlanu ,lureh il11•1\i' t•1·w,u11ltscl1aft ~cschon, aneli wunn wi1• scino )fci111111g,r lass Ka11t'is ,\ nsil'I\I
mit dl'n 111athc111uli~t·lic(111li 1.u: i1·lit tms ,lcr Erluhrnng l1cr1'iihruu vnn rl,•111\ Vc ,cn 1lcr )ltLthcnrntik tliu riditigu sei niuht thui
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kiinm·nJ gcmthllu w:ircn, hiitk ,.j,, ll'idel' rlic Gufohr uint}I' lcn kii1111un.D cr l'unkt, wo ilic kritiscl1c l'hilo~ophiu cin,-ctzt.
schni'idcu ~lissh:null1111g ~chid1t•t•t, <lcnu tlic' :-itn,ich,,, ,r,•lchc sngt Ul' (U. !l. 11. l'h. I, GO. lll. ~- 2''-!), i~t clic ricl1tigc [<jiu
1liv ;1lct11.physik trcffe11 s11lltl•11,h iittc1t 1l:rn11 flic :ilnthcmatik ~icht iu dic wisscnsclmftlièlw Xatur 1lpr )lt1thcrnatik. \\'ir wiir-
111it1t•uffonm iisscn, "·elchc6 llumc's ~lcinung 11icht war. 1lu11 8:</.(l'II, ,lic Kant cigcnthiimlichu Ausicht YOll dt•JIJ
ln 1liu,m ,g11tc (iesdlschaft' d,•r ~lathn111atik tlachtl nun wi~~1·11s1·haftliclll'n\V cscn tlur )[athumatik. Kuno Fisch1•r hnt
Kant tlic 111l'!aphy,,i~chc11U rLl1cih1¼ Il l,riJ1gen. Da dic~ uicht g:111z Ht•cht, wcnn Cl' (n. 11. O. :-:i.2 8-!) bmnc-rkt, ,la~,; sich tlnrch dil
:lll;?:ÌII~, 11..1 1 111il ic 111,ith,•111Rti-scl1U1r'1th1u ilu a11,1lyti~t·h wa1·1.lll, ,Ein~icht', rlic rnathcmatischcn Urthcilo ,ciun s,·n thetisch nml
ricnn 1liu mlltnphy,,isclwn warcn a1wrkamllc1'ltJ.lS~u1s1y 11tlll!tisd1, ~lcichwohl a priori I Kant 1·011 Ilmnu trcnn·c nml ilio none
so 111m;:,tc1v1o i· nll•·m ,lic 11rnthcmati~clu.m l'rtheilc sy11tl1disch Bnhn rlur Kritik lictrcte. Xm· dass rlicsc ,Einsicht' 111chr sci nls
tmtl zwnr a priuri ~uin, 11111 al~ Rlam1u\·cn~a11,ltc St.t11,l1•sgc cine 1,lnssc subjcctivc Ansi<:ht Knnt's, schcint uni, kcineswcg-~
nos,,c11 ,l,•r 111,•laph~,,i ,.1·1!1'1;.1:, ·ltm1 liii kii11111111. l),•1111i ,t ,·s sn nu~gcmacl1t, als iscincm Jlistmikcl'. ~fan hmucht ,lill okcpti~ch,•n
1:? 2 i 111 fJ 1• t Ul ~ h n. [l 7) 1..,,
1''t•l;;·cru11gc11ll nuw's l11•zll,!.(li1•.hJ, •r "\[utapl,~ .ik k1•i,w,-w1·g-,z .u sclh,t ~<~mnchtr .11l 1nhen """r,id1crt. 1nn Wl'lchcr es :i.ber mirnll'
thl il•·n Ltllllk a1111d ouh der .'.\lcinuug :,l:Ìn, ,la~~ ,•r i111l h·c.l1tg ewu• sll'ns fraglìch i~t. n\, ,_j,. jt••li•r ,\ n<l,·n· in glc•1rlll'11F1 all an sil'h
•PII Sl'Ì. rlio 1uath1:111ati~clll'1l1,T rthl'ile 11h:htt 'iir "'.'°nthdi:;eh l"\elte11 111•,..t/i!ÌJl:ìinl ,ll'll W<'1'1l,•T. el1W •·ni;..:~h•ns1 ·ern1~ nicht cinz11s,•lw11.
zu )a,-,e11. l )il• )lutlu:matik i~t 1111chF ischl'I' ,liu ucgati,·u l11- wic da,lurch 1 1l11,-,i-eh j ..n ,.• \' crt·inig-nng-von :--i1•lwn1 111,\F iin f
,.1anz, au wclcltt•1· Kant ,len ~kqHicismus scl1eit1•1•1111 1:1<.(:la,.t a. in cinl'1' ~ummc ,t,•nke, ,lj., Zwiill' norh nicht gt•dac\it 81'ÌIL
O.;--:. :?,:i-!). Alicr t.ler lf u111t·. ,chL· :--kcptieiblllUS wal' uach K1tnt',, soli, ,tic ja ,•lwn r,ar 11ichts. \ntler1•;, ist, nls ,lj(' 1,1it ,·illt·m ,•ir•l\·
l'Ì"• 1w111( ;u.rnu,lniss \\·cit e11tfornt dic Jlathc111atik i11 Fm;.::c z11 ncn Xal~L'll lier.1~~l11wt,•~ 1111111v1m1•1 ;-;jt,J,cu 1t111lF iinf! I ~1d
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,-t~tl,1.1• )\'m, d<'r ,;;d1arf,-i11nig,· )Ia11111 bcl-tt'l'Ìtet, i,-t kL·i11csw1•g~. L•bcn"nw enig- lcuchtd 111irl 'ill, 11·iL•11achhe h:mptel wcr,l,•n k,lnnr.
das" lic 111atlll'111atist:lH'ln.: rthcilL·, so laugt· "'ic letliglil'.11 ,rnf ,lass, 1\it•Z erµ;li1•dt•r1111j~,• nt·r :-:11m111uLn•rh .s1• langt> fortg-,·"•t,:t.
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dcrn :-atz,, dc~ \\'i1h:n,prnch"' lierul1e11, all~cu1ei11 un,I n11thwc11- lllan nic die Zwiilf 1lmi11 nntrdl't•11 "cnle, ,In. "" dnt·h att;.;1•11-
1\i;:i:~ ,•it·n, ti. i. 11priol'i,d1 ,ci,•n. \\'as cr "uwi,-~ wiinll' l,e~trittcn schuinlich uiner ,olelwn 11icht ,•inm:il l,t••lnrf. ,nndL·rn ,lie ft,,t~
hal,Pr,, i,t nur Kant'• \;j$ ,fohin nncrhiirtu l\l'l1auptun1-;, class lkhc ~1lll11llt't 'hen ~chnn ,li,· 1/,wiilf i,t ! Ucr glcich fol1;,•1ul,·
,li,• mathl'mati-:eh"n L"rthcil,· sy11thctil'ch1•r Xatllr oi:ìc11. l.lic:;1• ~ab:, au~ 1le111, li,• ,y11th!"ti,f'h1• Xatnr ,Ji," f'ra;rlic·hen lTrtlwil,
J:0\iall}'tllllg" ruacht 1111r <l,u1 n einc I nstnnz ~1•g-c11,l c11 Skq>_ti im :--inne ,\c•r S. -12 g-t•p;,•ht·HPlll •;rklilrnng- ei1ws .~nlcl1cn fol.q,·u
ci,11111a,,u ~. wc1111:, Ìc sdh~t iil,cr allc11 Z"·cif,,J t:l'ltab,•n 1st; liii ~1111b, cwci"t nicht, wus ,,r will. lkn11 es ist ,:w11r ;..:auz riehtig,
UL"'C1tfoll ,h~1ht ~ic sull,~t dii.s. was 1lie 'kcpSÌ::l l,i,,lwr vcrschnut das,- ich, 11111 r.m· Zwiilf zu ko111111t'1ii1h., •r ,dit•M· J:,,_!.;ril1l,' L1•1ii111liPh
h:it~ ,Ii,• )[athc111atik in ilcn :0-:tnttll•l1 \urodlJl'11 hincinzuziuhl'11. ,11wohl iilil'r ,tic Fiinf :ds [ìh,•r ,!j,, ~i,·hen .hi111111:-:;1•hc11111'1 1~,:
Dic .\nsieht, ,la»,, alle wathc111atiH'he11l 'rthdll• synthcti.ch nlJer es i~t g-anz unii g-ar fol,dt. 1la~s it·h 7.ll 1liù~••11ZJw ..t •k :111cl1
sciui, k,11111m an Kant's m~,thumatischcs \"nrnrthuil 11t•1111c11, ii\u·r dic ,\·1•rcini1-,"lmg,· nu Sit•l11•1111 11,FI Ouf· lii11n11sµ'.eh<m•1ii1~ s,•,
wi, Fr i u~ hcka1111tlich \"(111,\, •;;$Cli tran~cu111lcutalc11~1 ""\Jl'ot·ln:u wl'lc!H· ..l ,cn die Zwiilf i,t! lhs l'rth,·il 7+t>=l:?, ,Ju~ kei11<·11
hat. (:,.;-K. r. ,I. r. \'., L :-:,.X XX\-.) lJcrsclbt• hat zwar ,·urs11cht, a111lern Sinn Imi, :11,: ,dil• \'urt'ini~n11g- Ylln SiclJcn n11d Fiinf
,la~.-,.Jhe zu Le,1·d,;e11, alk•in e• liì:,:,I ,-ich nieht lcn.,nl'll. da5s i~t Zwiilf', ist dnlwr wi1·!dit·h niel1t l,Jos anal,rti.-1·h. ,11111l1•l'll
,li,·M· 1l cwcisu ziu111lich :,chwadt an~i-:cfallt•n ~in.I. lJicticlhcn ti11- ~ogar i,Jcntiseh, ilPnn ,las l'rildirnt wi1•1lcrlwlt <las :-Snhjl'cl. nm·
1ku ,,jd1 fa,-t mit <l<'n~ellwn \\·011e11 iu dt•1• Kritik rl. r. \'. Il. ::S.4 () nnter l'Ì1wm HlHlurnX nmen '. Allos, wa~ man K1111rt. 11_n;,·l1k1a•nn 11,
u. ff. umi in ,ll·n Prole~. III. :--. 11:iùu . tf. A11 Lcidt•11( Mun :;Ì111l hcRchriinkt sil'h dn1':Ll1f, da~~ m:111, 11m jt•nc ,Ycn·ini~nn;.;- n,n
aneli 1lic1,u\be11l :ei~piclc ~cl,rnneht, ,tic ,lartimn :,ollun, rln,s :--it•Lcn nnd Fiinf·, welchL· clnn:h 7 + r, clar~e.stcllt wir,l, zn
iui 111athumati,,che11 Crtlwil, Sù11·ohI im aridmwtbchen wit im :--t1111dez u lH-in~cn, <les Ili11a11,-gche11ss owohl iil,cl' ,lie i al,
,..,,1111t•1rh.chc11,l,1 1rd1 tlas l'riitlicnt zum :-;uhjud L'twa~ X L'lll' ~ iibt•r ,lic i, he11iirfu, 110111~1o nst konnnt c,o l'lH•n r.n kcinC'I' ,Y,•r
hi11zukn111wcU. cnn ob:.;l1•ich1 11nna ntlin:tlich 1lr-11k111 :;11lltu,,l as~ der uinigung-1. Alicr dic~c ,\-erci11i!-;t1111 gi-~t Phc11n och uieht da., 1· ...
=
>',ltZ f1+7 I i L'Ìn lJius nn:ilyti~ehur ::latz sei, cler ani, ,lew HL·gritr tllC'il 7+fi=J2, snndum lilos rlns :--11l1ject <le~~,•11,cn! .lt•ne,:
uiiwr Sunrnw n,n ::-icb,·n uml Fiinf unch 11cm :::-atZL<' Ics \\'i,lcr ~l'lbst, wclchcs ,lil' O lt·ich,-:L•tz111d1i gt-•H ', :-iulij,-,ct;;m it dt,111P rii
,pru<:\1,, crfol;,:t·, .o ,linde' 111an 1loch, wunn 111>11et s nllhcr dicat 12 nus;;pricht, ist 1111gensciwinlicl1i< kntiseh!
lH'trnchtet, da,~ tl:ulnrch, ,lats~ frh mir junc \' ercinigung- cl<•ukt•, Dic J\ ,t, wio Kant hior dn~ l'n1,licat zn l't1rns ,·011 .J,•r
,l,•r Bl•,<.,> ritf, •111Z1 wuif kcinCi,WL';.(~, ehvn "cdacht i~t un,\ ,icl, 11u~ ~11hjectYor~tell1111~\" crschiC'dcncm ztt skmpl'ln :-ucht, hai, 11111
m,·incn ncn.o.,r iff ,·011 eincr b11ld1c1L11 1iigliehun ::iurnrne noch ,o lan~c es nirht schlimmor zn nenncn, rhrn,- Yon ;-:.,JL,ttiin"L'Imng :111
zc:rgiiP1krn, so ll'L'l'dc ich 1lc1C'111l arin clic Zwìi)f nicht antrl'ifl'n'. ,ich, 11nil winl 111u1· lurcl1 ,liu wcitcru iil1crtrnffe11,w ie K:u.t IH·i
Di,•~uR ,ti111lc' unll ,ich urn;; lllL•i11c1J1k grill' rnn iler :-,rnm,w d1·111X aclm·cis der ~y11thctiscl1l'1N1 atul' gcomctri,-cher l'rtht·il,·
noch ,..1, lnngc zerglie1lcl'll' ist 1k.r gnnzc llc,n•is, Llcr b1•nach zu ì\'crke g:d1t. Dn~~ die gc,·ndc Linie zwisehcn zwl'i l'unktcn
lie,tenfalb in ,·i1H'\' Hcobachtun., h,•i,11·ht, wulche K,rnt a11 ~ich 1\i<' kiirz,·stt• sl'Ì, i,;t L•i11~ yntlwtiticlwr :-;atz, bchunpll'I 1•r (,,. ,1.
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I
1-l 'l.irmtnrrm~uu.
( ). ~--ti.\' gl. Prnh·:.:.[ Il,~- 11.~ml. l,·nu 111,•inI l (•~rìt:Y-olll ( ;,,r·t<lL•II Ei11,•" "1,·111·u lu,r j, ,l,•11Z w"iì,•1 ,•rlial,..u,• J•,rkP111111ti ,, war
,·11tl1illt 11i1·ht, ,·,,11 Orii:,,,,, ,.,11,[,.1·111 111r,· in,· ( ~11alìtiit. l ),,r B,, Kant ,li,• J\latlwnu,tik, Y<)I' :dl,•111 ,ti,• I :,•11111d1·i<11' 11,l dii.',,·
""r itf dl's Kiinw,lt~11 kt1m111:ta ],.., ;..:,i11zlid1l 1111zu1 1t11lk ann <l11rd1 "icdL•1· in tll'r l'orm, di, ihr E1wlì,l i-:•·~••111°11I. >i,• (;L•um,••
k,·inl' Z,·r~li1·1kn111g an~ d,·m B,·;..:rìfl' ,l .. r (h·r:i,lcn p;1•wg,•n lrìl', "agi cr \ 11. n;11, ,,.t ..i ne \\'issL•11,ehaft, 11 ell'hc ,li,• Ei.~1·11-
w1•1·olc11.I li,•s is1 so 11'.thr, ,Ja,., ,•s l'lo,•11d ant111 kl•i11u11 ,1atlw• .,ehatì,·11 ,ll's 1/amne,. sy11tlwti,l'11 1111,lt l,,c:11a l'rinri loc,.tin1111t.
111atik1.•C1''Ì llfollell \\-ir1l, km"ZI\I':-:'/ 4111 . ..1 1,tupten, ,lic n,•1·:1tk ~l'Ì Kant lq~t .,il'h ,lic• Frn;.:l' 1·ur; 11a s rnn,., ,lie \·11r,tt"l11111,,h; ;.,
,lit· kiirzc>,-te, ~,111d1•rn l!l' ,a;.::t, WÌl' Kant'~ L'Ìg-rn,•;,H ,•i,-pir•l: 1lie l:aumto~ ,lann s1•Ì11.t ltunit ,•ine ,,,kh,• Erk,·1111t11i"\~'u n ih1111 11ii;.:;
Gl't'mk zll'ì,che11 ZWL'Ì l'uuklL'II ,,,i ,lit· kiirze,te! In dics,•111 lid1 ~,·i? unù ant1111rtl'l: ,;Ìt• n1n,,- t'inl' .\nsi·lrnnung- "•·i11!
Znsatt. ,zwi,d1e11 iw,•i l'unklL·n• 11111i,1t alll'l'llin;..:, L!Ìlll' ( lrii~,L'll Dcu Be,n,is fiir diL-"l' ,\ 11t1111rilc 1·l,•~t "r i 11 z II ci Tlwilu, i 11-
be~timnrnng mt1l Z\\'ar gcn:m diL·~l'll•l' 1•11thalk11. widdu· ,la~ dc111 cr bcsoll(lcr~ l1t•11 L·i,t, ola" tl,•r Ha11111• \ n .•l'ha 111111 ~.
Priiilicat .kiirzcslt'' :n1,<lriiek1. [ ),.r ~atz ist ;..:rilntllich a1111- 11111oIl ass 1lil'~c a }' 1·i ori ~,,i. Er;.IL-rc~ folgl' d:mtt1,, wci! ,-id1
}yti,ch ! Kant ht:~<'ht l1icr clcn1-dlw11l ·\·hler wie 0111•11. ,li,· :--11lij,•e1- :111s uinc111 Ll"""L'II Bt'/!Tifl',. kt·im• Siitz1•. tlit· iilwr 1ll'n llcgritr
\~or~tell11ug zu ,.:,riind\'1'11, t•nrn,•der in,IL•11,1· 1w· i,· ol,en ,lii' Tl1cil1• hi11a11s;.:cl1c1Y1,. il'hc11l a";.1•11.l l'<"it'hc,.d 1J1•hi 11i kr t l,:11111ctri,w., i,·
:i 1111171 st:ttt dc$ t :all)Wll ,1lcr \'l'rci11i;..:m1~1 011 :'1 u1,d 'i' al, Eiu lcit1111g \' l1L•11·ic.,l'1"tL 'Ì, g-t·,<L"lll'l1c./ ) b e,; an j,,11c1·1 --tl'll,·
,nlchc 1111tur~ehi,•ht,1 11ll'r 11i,, • hi,•1·, l'Ì1w11T lu,il dr-l'~••ll1L'll,d L'II l1c11Ì i·~t•n st,i, hiingl vnu ,l,·r .,1,..11a u::;c,.tcllttin Mdrachtn11g ab.
Zn,atz ,zwisdwn z11·,·i 1'1mktcn' wc:,;-lii,,t 11111m\ 1111 .eigt, ,la,s Lctzt,·l'l'• ,11,er kom111t ,!alter, IIL•il di,· )!comctri,.clll'n Siitzi· in:,.
<la, l'rii1liL·at l'twa,- .,\n,krt,h cntl1:ilt1• al~ olas :--,thjL•l!'I Di,•
g-li,11111111( 1tp111]ikti;.d1d, . L 1nit ,IL'll1l l,•1n1sst, ..i 11i l11..·1 · ~ntl1wc11-
11·ahre ,l•·r olic g'Jtll7.•· :-\ul1,ì,•cl\"01',tdh111~i, -t in 1,ei,11·11l' r
11 digkl'it ,·.,rJ,urnlt'n ~in<l; ilt·1·::;hJich1•1:-1; iitzc :d.1er 11id1t e111piri
th"'il,·n identi,ch rnit tler l 'rihli,·atrnr~teìlun;.:-! sehe nd,•r Erfahrnn;t~urth,•ile ~l'Ìll, m,ch aus ih11c11; ..:e~cltl,,s,;l•ll
,\11dc1·r-l\t•wd,1· fiir 1lie ,:y11tlwti,(·l11• ~atnr tl,·r rnatl1u 11',•rdcn kunnen.
matiodl\'ll I 'rthcile, lwi ,h-111•111 1it"ht r111·n dic,t•llw ,larau~ g,·
])cr A nscluurn li~ ilt'cliirfcn g-cnnll•trbl'l1c Siitzl' m11·, 11c ii
folrrurt wird, dn,s dil' reinun ,\ u,chau1111µ;(•1t1ic :-Haumes lllHI Ùt•r
:-Ìu ~yuthctis!-!h, lJc1liiri'e11t l1·r~elhc11a ls,1 11ÌL·htw, 1•111s1ii ! int t:ug-1·11-
Zcit ilull'll bL•rcìt~ z11( : rnnd e lil!g'l•ll,1 \'L'rd,·11l1 1•iK ant ni<-hla 11;..:L" theilc analytis,·h (oolcr i,lcnti~ch) ~iwl. Eincr ap1·ittri,dwn .\n
trnffrn. Di!'sclhcn ,dwine11 il1111, .tl',·nl,;u• hiurcic•hl'ml, .ic·cll'u
~cha111111al;J; cl' bcdiirfon l'ic, ll'i,il ~ie ,np•ulikti~L·h', ti. i. ,111i11lc111
Z11uifc•la n drr 1:iehti~kl'it sci1wr .\11,icht 11ie1lur1.n,L"lila1-tc•nli,l '
Hcll'ns,-tsl'Ìu ihrcr Xotl1ll'cndig-kuit n•rlrn111lc11,- ,iutl·. LPl;1.tL,re,
man jctzt wnl1l 11111,:11111d1r <'Ìn •\ 'ornrthL•il• 11,•111w11 ,lari'. l-'01·!;111 dic•nt al~ E1·kc1111ln i~,q.{rn111l, 1111s dem 1liL•. \J'i·i,witiit d<•r
lrn111iÙ1crt ~ii:h nid1t rnehr dic "\\'ahrhcit ,Jt,,-~111:w~1 lar1.11th1111. •\ 11s e 1,a 1tn 11g -, wonmf d iL• !:;1•o nwtrisc hc 11 l 'rt h ..i lu IJcrnlwu,
1Ja,s ,lie nmtl1P111ati,t·l1ci: t·rtl1L·ilt· ~.\'11th,·ti,l'l1 11111:I1 pri111·i~L·h l'l'schlr1ssl'n wii-d. Kci11us11·,•f.:ms iis,tc un~ ,lc111s,•ll,t'n anf dic
scicn, ~,,utl,•r11 cr ~ud1t ili,· Bcdin~nn;..:1•11,m f, n11tt•r wPld1c-11.
~ y II I 11e t i se lll• Nnhn· dt•r ~l'IIIIH!tri~L"hcnl 'rlli,•ilc ci11 Hiic·k
tla ~i,· ,·~ l'irnunl ,iu1I. ~ÌL• es allt:in ~•·\11 kii1111t•11. Da ,la,.
~ch1 11,,sg -,•nmdit 1rcnl1•11. ,\pndiktil'itiit kéi11nte rl,•nscllicn :tttl'h
Bedin~tc (wi,· l'l' 111e::1t) t'al'ti,cli ist, m(i,M'II e,:. ,lc~>'l'll _11nL•t-l\ dann 1.uk01n111cn,1 1·e1111 ,-ic a11alyti,:cl1 n,IL•r itl,•ntisclt w;in•11,
1,ch1·lid1t· Be,lì11~u11gcu 11,otli,rl•111li~ ,~lt•iehtalli< ,c111!
ja III ii~ s te c~ ~n;.::1r; ,fonn ,lai, i,lcnti~chc uclel' anal~·ti~t•h1·
Dic,.er :--cl1h1,i< i,t dcr :--d,lii:;,-,•l Y.1tr Kant'~dw11 Kritik. l'rthcil k:mn 11icht mllll'rs nb mii 1lctn Bu11·11si<twi1s1c i11,·1·
\\·o eine Erkc1111t11i~s ,·nrh:u1tll'1t i~t, rnii,,e11 d,·n•n nL•1lin X,1th11·crnliid-cit 1·crb11mle11 auftl'l'lL·n. Xi,·ht II t•il dit• /!l'Oll\LO•
"nn"cI1 e~ ~lcil'hfalls ~ci11. E, hamldt ,.j,:[1 1lan11u. 1·1111l 'in,•r 1r i~chcn l:rlhL•ilc apo,likti:;ch, 1HirfP11, dc nid1t nnalyti,-ch, s,,11-
,1.. 1110z 1ypji\,)h'a ftl'll Erke1111t11i,a-n"zn;.:,·ht:n. 1I i1• I', cr1rn· ;.:1111;.;-en. 1lt•rn mir, w e11n si,· ~y11th<'liH·l1,m iis~cn ~ìc, 1\-eil upodiktì~ch,
an w,•khc ,Lic~cll,L· ;.:chuml1·11 i~t, lda1· fc,.tz11,.tellc•1l1l lHl 1la1111
,lnrch cinc r,•in,· .\useham111g-vcrmittc•lt ~cin. Dns \'n1·ur
:mf alle~ iiherhanpt rni.iµ;lci he Y,ff~l••ll,~n: m,:zn<lch11e111,1 cl1·llt'" t h t' il 1·1111 ilL'I' ,yntheti~clwn X11t1u· tlcr n111tliemati,t:l1(•11h.i t'r
,\nspruch 111ad1t, t'Hr l•:rkcunlni. .~ zn ;.;-t.:lt1111. 1l,•r i,:co111ctriM·ll1'1l'1rt l1cilt·, 1.il'l1t ,li,, \'orau>'~L•I z1111~ ,•illL'l'
~.,.
[2t ] 17
1H 'l..i mm r r m t11n n. [20]
nl\rt:h •l il' \ m1ahnw r~ i11,•1·. \ n~cha111111µ:<1•I1P1:: H, aumP,
rc•i n P n .\nsd1a111m:: ,h·, lfanm,·- nnd1 sirh, m•il i;i1·h unr 11111d1c :r Zeit 1lt•lrnt ,.il'h ,la~ I li11m,.~l'hP l'roblc111 iihl'r di1.:
u,11<-r di,·,t r ~li.,p 11tlwti,.dwn) ,\1111uh11,1t•l ic (j1syehnl,1~iscln•1
w,,~t. (ìn·t1l\c11 •Il'::-\'c•r~tancl,~ am·li anf ,la, ( ll'hi,•t d1·r :--innlichki,ìt
T ha I e al' li,. ,•rkl:irt'll d:ts, ,li,· ;:;c·Ollll'll'Ì,dw11 l rt!wifl'
an~. Zu cl1•11H c.:.::riffc-1,l1u, n·h '"'klw clL•r Y L'l'~laml a priori ,lic
rnit ,l .. m n,•11·11~,t,,•i1,1L L·r Xotliw,·n,li:!'.keit y,•rlm111lr11a uftrctt·u.
Ycrbinih111~•·11,I L•rl )ingL' ,lt·nl,t, tr,.t<•II 11111111t1,dli11 ; ,\n~chal\1111-
< >l , ne j1•1ws \'ornrthPil wiin· ,[i.,s,· ;:;a11:w .\1111al11m·i ih,·l'
gL•n hi11z11,, lurd1 \\'l'h·lw ,k•r Si1111 a priori, ti. i. \'Ol' ullL'I'
tlii,si:,; !
\\' ahr11t·hm1111gl' Ìm·~ f :1~ cn,taiule<' ~chant, 1111,l 0l111e \\'cll'h,·
Xidit tli,· .\podiktl('it:il ,lei' matl1<0nmtischen l'l'll11·ik fi.ir
,l:•m.nach 1•lwns11\\'c11Ìl':i!1 1t· l·:r.•ch<'i11n11).(, \\ÌP oh111j·e 11r dm•
sil'h. ""11!,·rn 111r1 in \·1•rhi11tlu11:,m:-ii ,h•r 11·riucintlil'lie11 ~y11-
l·,1·lahr1111:.{ µ:e<lal'ht \\Prd1•11 k11nn. );°111i· l11rel1 di,· :\nnnhmtc
tht!iselw11 ~atnr d,•1..,,.Jl,e111 1iitl1i:!'.lI\ lll' .\1111ahlllL' l'l•incr, ,l. i.
~ll111111tlit·lw,lrl 'IU Erk,·1111t11i~,l'<'l'miiµ:icn1,\1 11l111tl•11•111a' priori:,:dii·I'
,Yt>I' ;1ll1•r \\'ahr1wlnnnn:!'. ci1ws (;q?;t•11~tancle, in 1111s :rn;.:e
Elc•111Pnlca l., idlgt·11wi1wl' 11111nI oth11P 11di~1·r For111 (cl1,!' Z 11-
trotl'enl't1' .\11i:dm111111g-\.\ ',•11 Il jetl,·, 11111tl1ernati,1·lwl rtl11•il
s~ 11th1•ti~1•h,d . 11. ,li,, \"i•rl,i111ln11)i!1 1i ~Pht•n S11Ljl'ct unti l'rii ~ 11 t z t' ~) tll'1' clnrcl, ,tic· Si1111"t -;t',:!''l,r,um E111pliucl1111:!("<lll t•h
(; !·111d1s tuff,) \\'ir,[ ciu,· iu ,il'h l\U~a111111enhiin~l'llllt•,f iir alk
,licat 1111r ,l11rd1 \·nmittlnn;! l'Ìlli'I' \ 11,chnu11111h!f •rsh•ll1,ar ist,
\\ l'Sen ~lPichartig-cr 01·;.:aui,.ati111~1l eid1la11tL·111lcE rfol1rt111~l li'-
dauu fr,·illl'h ,larf, ~oli es wddl'h ap111likti,L•h,c l. 11. rnit ,k•u1
1,;l'i'Ì~ich. J) 1•r lnlwg-l·ilf •h•1•sclht•n L,il,11'1d cn HIWL'rlil'rÌmn·n
n,,11·11~,1,.,,·i11 H'Ìlll'I' Xnthll'L 11di:,::k,·itY l'rl111111ll',lcl in, ,li,•,1 \11-
B,•,itz ,l,·" <l,·nk,•111li·n: -.11l1,i1·1·tns, h n ,• \\'dclw111 k, int• E1-fah
>,t•lia1111n;k:;, ·i1w ,:!1'1111'111•(·•m' 1,i1•i,d1c-, s1111.lc,r11n rns~ rin••
r11111\,\; ,, ·lc-hl't' al0t•1•, _,,11,,t1 1il'ht a II b 1lt•r l•:1•fahrn11i1~,:t . ~rllw
,n·i1ll''. il. li. 11i,·ht-1'111piri~,·h,..".. ,11. I >a, l·:i1w fonl<•rt ,las .\11-
machc11 µ;lt·i,·l1,au1 ,las J 11vc•11ta ri,1111 dt•,. l>1·nk1·u,l,·11 n,r
tl, ,.,.; ,li,• ~~ 11tl1Pti,,·l1t );utnl' ,l,•r 11111tl11•111atis<•ll'1neh1,1.i lt·
j,•rlt•r BP,-Ìt¼11ah11H,l·< ·,,-dl11·11i lun·h ,li,· Z11t'uhr n,n .\11,.,e11
af.,,1. clic• \\'nrz<·I <l,•r Kritik. ist 11\11'd 1u·1•li 1.:Ì11(•1l•1'P hlsd1lu~s
au.,, wcl,·ht·s ,\pl'iol'i ,ltin·h ,lit·M· ,·111·1b1lJ \\L'IIÌ~ ;:-c,.;t·lien al:-;:;,·
!!;vf'rn!•1,•r t !
nomuH•II \\('l'clL•n ka1111. S!Pllt ,lii· mit Il ilfc, ,l,•f',-<"lbrn ,!•·
111 <lt•r }l Ptl111d1•: -1·i111·,\ '111'\('<'hr11, ,pl11~t llllil'hli' Knut.
\1'011111•1E1<rk• l'nntni,, P h~·~ ik, "' ~IL-lit ,lcr nnal,hiin~ii; 1•011
11i1• "I' an 1•i111•:J-' -ti•ll, I. ';";-,):1 11.!1·11tc<•'tÌ,l ll' .\naln:,:1<· ,l,•s \"rr
alll'r ~:rf:thn111g-Yc,rhimclrnn Hprinri,-<"hc lk:--itz 1lP~ E1·kcn11t-
fahr, lì>' ,l,•1· ~''" to11'•1·li,,11 l'h~ ,ik, 1· ,•rhli,•k,•11. \\ 1'1111d i<' (,.._ 11i,-,\·1·rn1i,~1•11, ,.,11111111 :dl1•11,l arn,u, abg-elc•itt-.t. n Be:,::rilf,.n )ll'la-
ka1111t•·: --;1,,ur <•im•, ( ►ltj,•,·1,•,- 1111~a 11f k,,i111 a111l<•r,\ \·,·i~,· < 1·
kl:ìrlm1· ,-,•lu·int, al, ,l11n·h ,li,· .\1111al11n,<· 'Ìllf'T g'P\I i.,"'ll llypo 11h y ~ i k dar. \\ d1·lll' ,li,· n·i1Jf' :ilatl11·111atik1 111dn ·iut• ~a111r
wi;bc-11,d1aft mit in ~i,·h l1t•,:rcift.
tlll',t', "" liat ,li,,,-, l1'!1.t,•1·1i·n nn,-c•l'<'II \ng-<1 1! .';l'l':l<lc" " \·i,·1 ,\her audi (ilwr ,Jj,. ('1l,IJid1.·1 ll'r 111itd ,•m l•:rkt·1111t11is~
\\',d11,-,·ll!'inlit·hk,•it fiir si,·h, al~ wir Z11n•r,-icht 111•,-.iw·n,,l a~s
n•nniigen 11ach' i\'11lf'sl'lll'r 1•,~·L•Ji.,JogiLd·t,· l' ◄ :rnn,ll:t;.{'' ,lr1• K,•itik,
1•i111•a 111l1'1'1' Erkliimng- ohi~l'I' Tl1a1,·1••IH 1111111ii~li~Lt·•lii . Da,
Y1•rlmncll'l11•a1n1t lc•n1·,·itig1·1:1-- l'l'l,·uY<'rm,'ìgen1 .•1'1\'f'Ìtcrtl,'i t·h llllll'I'
I >hjc·d in <li1•-c111l' ali i,-t ,lie ;1latlt, 111atik, 1!.-1·•·11,l 11•ka11111c•
Kant'~ lllin,!1·11 ,la~ J l11111,:<1d1p1,·, ,ltlt-111. Ilum,•. wi,· ,.,,iiw
.:\,1t11r' in l,:1111, .\11:,::,•1i11 1 •l"r .\ pocliktiri1:lt 1111.t" ) utlwti,cl1,•11
H1•sL·li:1ffconheiith n•r :--:itt.•' 1"',t ..h l. Da PI' m1111 uit Yn\lko111- ,d1otti"L'lirn Lanclslr-1111,• \. ~ 111Ì I h nn,l f [ Il I i: h l'" ,. 111 llllcl '""
ih11L'ltll l'r E11gl1i11ill·I1' ·l arke, lies~f'll in 1111,rali~L·hP1n1 111ibI rh,·ti
11w111·11H1 l'd1t li(•ha1q1td, ,li,·"·· 11;i11ilirli ,li,, \"p1•ri11i;,:n11lgw i,l"r
~l'lwn I li11~P11< lit .\11,spriichc der \'ern1111ft. ,liL• 1·1111ih 11.. 11
nhÌ).;•'I' Ei~l'11,1·haf1,•11,1 ,,,,... ,-iL·lt a11f k1•Ìn•· a11d1•r1•\\ "t-i,1· <'I'· lml,l S:1 11patl1i1L·,a l,l iuorali~cl1<•1:·- ìi111111 tl,•Sr,· hil'klit•hkciL~;,:-c:>fohl
kllirC'n, ab ,lnrl'l1 d,, .. \111111l111r1-1im· •r rci111·11 \11,ehmuu1~, .-o
g1'11t1111w1utn lc, ab 1111t1ii!,(li1p·;he lrt·n. Ka11t in tll'r Kritik dl'r I ·r
war lt•tztL•re Il y p,,r 1,,•,-<' in ,Pi1H'11 \11:,::,·11y .,Jlknm111,•1:1!• -
thPil,kr,ift 1111,iI\ Pr pmkti .. ,l'hc11 \',•rmmft "ici< al'riorisclw EIP
n•l'11tf,•ni~t. ~j, 11'il'i' ,.,. inH•h in ilC'r 1111,-1·r1·n\\t. 1111K a11t•~
,,ben bP111°tlH•iltI,l ,\\, iM' HIIH'l'll ì'!m•if,I a11 1lt•1• ;~·11th,•ti~cl1l'n nwntc, 11Ìl ' jc-11,• ,I<,- Erk,.n11t11i~,.,·cruiòigr11,-, auch i111 l.ì c-
fii h I s- 11wl B!·geh 1·11n~s1 ermi.igcn nac·h und griind1•t<•
:\'atm· tl,•1· 111ath..:111ati,..,·}1\1 ''rltll u•i),, ;:n l.iebie~i:11 Ycrn1ocht
d,1rnnt~ in1k111, ·r 1len Xa111c11: \l,,t.1physik a11f :illr 1111alJhlingig
hiitteu.
