Two new oriental stegelytrine leafhopper genera (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

2006·4.9 MB·

by  Zhang Yalin

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
108(2), 2006, pp. 289-296
TWO NEW ORIENTAL STEGELYTRINE LEAFHOPPER GENERA
(HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)
YALIN ZHANG, CONG WEI, AND M. D. WEBB
(YZ, CW) Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of
Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A & F University, Yangling,
Shaanxi, 712100 China (e-mails: [email protected] or yalinzh@nwsuaf. edu. cn; Wei-
[email protected]); (MDW) Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum,
Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K. (e-mail: [email protected]). Corresponding
author: Cong Wei
Abstract.4The following new stegelytrine leafhopper genera and species are described:
Stenolora n. gen. with S. malayana n. sp. as its type species from peninsular Malaysia
and S. abbreviata n. sp. from China; Platyvalvata n. gen. with P. longicornis n. sp. as
its type species from Nepal and P. dalatiensis n. sp. from Vietnam.
Key Words: Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Stegelytrinae, new genera, new species, Oriental
Region
Stegelytrinae Baker is a small leafhopper Kunasia Distant, Placidus Distant, Placi-
subfamily from the Palaearctic and Oriental dellus Evans, Paraplacidellus Zhang, Wei,
regions. The group is distinguished by the and Shen, and Temburocera Webb based on
following combination of characters: eyes their very much longer antennae. They also
encroaching onto pronotum laterally in dor- share some other characters with some but
sal view (Figs. 1, 27, 29), lateral margin of not all Oriental genera i.e., clypellus ex-
face not or weakly incurved below eyes panded with lora narrow (Stenolora and
(Figs. 2, 26, 30), antennae arising low on Temburocera); clypellus with two apical
face (Figs. 2, 26, 30); and forewing with stout setae (Stenolora, Doda, and Kunasia);
crossvein between claval veins and between lateral frontal suture extending well beyond
outer claval vein and claval suture (Figs. 3, corresponding ocellus (Platyvalvata, Cyrta,
28, 31). By leafhopper standards, the Ori- Placidus, Placidellus, and Paraplacidellus);
ental stegelytrine genera are remarkably di- pronotum with lateral carina strongly
verse and were either only recently placed curved dorsally adjacent to eye (all except
in the subfamily, being unassigned by Temburocera); scutellum with one or two
Oman et al. (1990), or have been recently posteromedial longitudinal keels (all except
described or revised (see Webb 1999; Wei Platyvalvata, Placidus, and Cyrta); fore-
and Zhang 2003; Zhang and Wei 2002; wing appendix well developed and hind fe-
Zhang et al. 2002, 2004). mur with extra subapical spines, elevated
To help increase our knowledge of this and mounted on strong bases (all except
little known group, we describe two new Temburocera).
Oriental stegelytrine genera, Stenolora and Unlike the Palaearctic genera (Stegelytra
Platyvalvata, together with two new species Mulsant and Rey and Wadkufia Linnavuori)
of each. The new genera form a distinct that occur on oaks (Quercus), the biology
group with the other oriental stegelytrine and host plants of Oriental Stegelytrinae are
genera, 1.e., Cyrta Melichar, Doda Distant, unknown. However, the male specimen of
290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Stenolora abbreviata n. sp. (described here) gins subparallel below and above antennae;
and other male Stegelytrinae (Zhang in lateral frontal sutures extending to lateral
prep.) were caught on an exposed river bed. margin of corresponding ocellus; transcly-
A similar environment is used by male Lep- peal suture distinct; clypellus broad, de-
idoptera and is connected to mineral uptake pressed apically, lateral margins convex ba-
(Holloway 1984: 97), and in Cicadellidae sally, broader basally than anteriorly, ante-
the following observation (personal com- rior margin slightly concave with a stout
munication Chris Dietrich) was made in seta on each side of midline; rostrum ex-
Peru: <large swarms, of leafhoppers were tending to apex of trochanter, labrum half
seen in a few places along streams and riv- length of labium; gena somewhat longitu-
ers; they were resting and feeding on the dinally sulcate under antennae, rugose lat-
wet sand/mud. Every specimen was male erally; lora narrow; antennal ledge distinct;
and sweeping on the surrounding vegeta- antenna long, arising adjacent to lower cor-
tion yielded no females and very few ad- ner of eye. Pronotum about 2.5 median
ditional males. Taxa were mainly xylem length, posterior margin slightly concave,
feeding Cicadellinae (including the rare lateral margin long with carina present,
Phereurhinini), commonly referred to as sharply curved to eye anteriorly. Scutellum
sharp-shooters, which were shooting (ex- long, basal width similar to width of head,
creting) profusely.= Similarly, Stegelytrinae distal two-thirds with a longitudinal medial
are rare in collections with many species keel. Forewing with five apical cells, mid-
known only from a single specimen, usually dle and outer subapical cells closed, inner
the male. subapical cell open; claval veins united by
Material examined is deposited in the in- crossvein and a crossvein present between
stitutions abbreviated in the text as follows: inner claval vein and claval suture; appen-
dix moderately broad, extending to fourth
BMNH (The Natural History Museum,
apical cell; claval margin strongly elevated
London). and crimped at apex. Legs densely setose;
BPBM (Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Hon- hind femur strongly broadened distally and
olulu, Hawaii).
slightly bowed with numerous apical setae,
IRSNB (Institute Royal des Science Natu-
more distal setae elevated on strong bases;
relles de Belgique, Brussels).
hind tibia moderately flattened and strongly
bowed, several supernumeral setae present
Stenolora Zhang, Wei, and Webb,
between anterodorsal and posterodorsal
new genus
rows.
Type species.4Stenolora malayana Male pygofer side longer than broad,
Zhang, Wei, and Webb, n. sp. with several macrosetae distally, hyaline
Description.4Dark brown, head and tho- band from ventral to dorsal margin anteri-
rax marked with yellow to whitish yellow; orly. Valve large, subquadrangular, articu-
forewing with extensive hyaline patches. lated to pygofer. Xth segment short with a
Head small, distinctly narrower than ventral process on each side. Subgenital
pronotum, front margin rounded; eyes en- plate short to moderately long, subtriangu-
croaching onto pronotum laterally. Vertex lar, with few short to moderately long fine
similar in length to basal width, sloping to setae laterally. Connective somewhat T-
front, shiny; coronal suture obscure. Face shaped; stem very long; arms short with
similar in length to width, shagreened; lat- weakly sclerotized fused apical extensions.
eral margins very weakly insinuate below Paramere with inner basal apophysis short,
eyes; ocelli on anterior margin of vertex, outer basal apophysis elongate; lateral lobe
situated approximately their own diameter prominent, crenulate; apical process elon-
from eye; clypeus narrow, with lateral mar- gate, evenly tapered to acute apex distally;
VOLUME 108, NUMBER 2 291
basal half swollen with a ventral heel and markings on scutellum forming discreet
an inner tooth subbasally, crenulate ven- spots rather than a transverse band.
trally, with a few fine setae ventrobasally. Male genitalia with ventral processes of
Aedeagus simple, shaft cylindrical, elon- Xth segment falcate, evenly tapered to
gate, slightly curved dorsally in lateral view apex. Subgenital plate short with a group of
with apex bifurcate; gonopore apical; basal apical moderately long setae. Style apical
apodeme moderately long. Dorsal connec- process extending to near apex of connec-
tive present between Xth segment and basal tive, slightly swollen subbasally; preapical
apodeme of aedeagus. angle narrow. Aedeagal shaft expanded api-
Etymology.4Named after the very nar- cally in lateral view, narrow throughout
row lora. The gender is feminine. length and slightly expanded toward bifur-
Remarks.4This genus is similar to Tem- cate apex in posterior view.
burocera in having the clypellus broad and Type material.4Holotype: ¢, China,
lora narrow but differs from this genus and Nangling Ruyuan, Guangdong, stream,
other Stegelytrinae genera by the ventral 1,500 m., 9.v.2004, P. Grootaert (IRSNB).
processes of the male Xth segment. Etymology.4Named after its short sub-
genital plate.
Stenolora malayana Zhang, Wei, and
Remarks.4This species is similar to S.
Webb, new species
malayana but is slightly larger, has more
(Figs. 1-15)
discrete yellow markings on the thorax dor-
Description.4Length: ¢ 5.8 mm (x1). sally, and in the male genitalia, the subgen-
Dark brown marked with yellow, including ital plate is shorter with a group of mod-
an irregular transverse band between ocelli erately long apical setae, the processes of
on vertex and across midlength of scutel- the Xth segment are more tapered distally,
lum; pronotum with pale irroration. and the aedeagal shaft is more expanded
Male genitalia with ventral processes of apically in lateral view and narrower with
segment X falcate, swollen subapically and gonopore shorter in posterior view.
tapered to apex. Subgenital plate moderate-
Platyvalvata Zhang, Wei, and Webb,
ly long. Aedeagal shaft slightly expanded
new genus
apically in lateral view, evenly tapering to
bifurcate apex in posterior view. Type species.4Platyvalvata longicornis
Type material.4Holotype: d, Peninsular Zhang, Wei, and Webb, n. sp.
Malaysia, Pahang, Cameron Highlands, Description.4Yellow with reddish to
24.vi.1936, H.M. Pendlebury (BMNH). brown markings.
Etymology.4Named after the type lo- Head small, distinctly narrower than
cality. pronotum, front margin rounded; eyes en-
Remarks.4This species differs from S. croaching onto pronotum laterally; vertex
abbreviata by its slightly smaller size, slightly shorter medially than basal width;
slightly different pale markings on the tho- sloping to front, smooth, coronal suture ex-
rax dorsally, and by the shape of the male tending to anterior margin; ocelli on ante-
genitalia (see remarks under abbreviata). rior margin of vertex, situated approximate-
ly 3X their own diameter from correspond-
Stenolora abbreviata Zhang, Wei, and
ing eye; face similar in length to width, lat-
Webb, new species
eral margins weakly insinuate below eyes;
(Figs. 16420)
clypeus smooth with lower area shagree-
Description.4Length: 3, 6.5 mm (x1). ned; lateral frontal suture extending well
Color similar to previous species but addi- beyond lateral margin of corresponding
tionally with three whitish spots near each ocellus; transclypeal suture distinct; clypel-
eye on pronotum (medial spot largest) and lus strongly broadening anteriorly, lateral
292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Figs. 1-15. Stenolora malayana. |, Head and thorax, dorsal view. 2, Face. 3, Forewing. 4, Head and thorax,
lateral view. 5, Apex of hind femur, lateral view. 6, Apex of hind tibia and first hind tarsomere, lateral view. 7,
Valve and left subgenital plate, ventral view. 8, Aedeagus, left lateral view. 9, Aedeagus, posterior view. 10,
Hind wing. 11, Connective and right style, dorsal view. 12, Apex of right style, ventral view. 13, Male genital
capsule and segment X, dorsal view. 14, Male genital capsule, left lateral view. 15, Male segment X, left lateral
view.
VOLUME 108, NUMBER 2 293
femur strongly broadened distally and
slightly bowed with numerous apical setae,
more distal setae elevated on strong bases;
hind tibia moderately flattened and strongly
bowed, several supernumeral setae present
between anterodorsal and posterodorsal
rows.
17 / Male pygofer side longer than broad with
several macrosetae distally; a lateral finger-
like process dorsally, adjacent base of Xth
segment. Xth segment large with a later-
oventral folded area, crenulated distally.
Valve very large, subquadrangular, articu-
lated with pygofer. Subgenital plate mod-
erately long, subtriangular, with a few short
to moderately long stout setae ventrally.
Connective large, T-shaped; stem sclero-
tized medially, hyaline laterally; a ventral
winglike expansion distally on each side;
arms short. Paramere with inner basal
apophysis very short, outer apophysis elon-
18 20 gate; lateral lobe prominent with a few
spinelike setae adjacent to apical process;
Figs. 16-20. Stenolora abbreviata. 16, Subgenital
apical process elongate, straight, tapering to
plate, ventral view. 17, Male segment X, lateral view.
18, Aedeagus, left lateral view. 19, Aedeagus, anterior acute apex; ventral margin crernulate over
view. 20, Aedeagus, posterior view. basal half and with a tooth at midlength.
Aedeagus simple, shaft elongate, cylindri-
cal, strongly curved dorsally and cephalad,
anterodorsal margin with a series of blunt
margins straight, anterior margin slightly
teeth over basal two-thirds; gonopore indis-
concave medially; rostrum extending to
tinct; basal apodeme short. Dorsal connec-
apex of fore trochanter; labrum half length
tive present between Xth segment and basal
of labium; gena flat, rugose laterally; lora
apodeme of aedeagus.
broad; antennal ledge absent; antenna long,
Etymology.4Named after the very
extending beyond midlength of body, aris-
broad male Xth sternite or valve. The gen-
ing adjacent lower corner of eye. Pronotum
der is feminine.
about 2.5 broader than median length,
Remarks.4This genus forms a group
smooth; lateral margin long, lateral carina
with Cyrta, Placidus, Placidellus, and Par-
present, sharply curved to eye anteriorly.
aplacidellus, in having the lateral frontal
Scutellum moderately long; basal width
sutures extending well beyond their corre-
about as broad as head and slightly longer
sponding ocellus. It differs from these and
than lateral margin, depressed medially.
other stegelytrine genera in the dorsal pro-
Forewing with five apical cells, middle and
cesses of the male pygofer and lateral wing-
outer subapical cells closed, inner subapical
like expansions of the connective.
cell open; claval veins united by crossvein
and a crossvein present between inner cla- Platyvalvata longicornis Zhang, Wei,
val vein and claval suture; appendix mod- and Webb, new species
erately broad extending to fourth apical (Figs. 21428)
cell; claval margin slightly elevated, Description.4Length: ¢ 6.8 mm (x1).
crimped at apex. Legs densely setose; hind Generally pale yellow; transclypeal suture,
294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
24
Figs. 21-28. Platyvalvata longicornis. 21, Connective, paramere and aedeagus, in view of arrow in Fig. 22.
22, Connective, paramere and aedeagus, lateral view. 23, Genital capsule, lateral view. 24, Genital capsule and
anal segment, dorsal view. 25, Valve and subgenital plate, ventral view. 26, Face. 27, Head and thorax, dorsal
view. 28, Tegmen.
VOLUME 108, NUMBER 2 295
Figs. 29-37. Platyvalvata dalatiensis. 29, Head and thorax, dorsal view. 30, Face. 31, Right tegmen. 32,
Genital capsule, lateral view. 33, Valve and subgenital plate, ventral view. 34, Genital capsule and anal segment,
dorsal view. 35, Connective, pramere and aedeagus, dorsal view. 36, Aedeagus, dorsal view. 37, Connective and
paramere, dorsal view.
a medial spot subbasally on clypellus, gena Aedeagal shaft elongate, expanded and bi-
and sublaterally on femur, marked with furcate apically in dorsal view, anterolateral
brown; vertex touched with red at base and margin strongly dentate over distal two-
apex of coronal suture and each side of cor- thirds.
onal suture subbasally; clypeus with several Type material.4Holotype: ¢, Nepal, De-
indistinct reddish transverse bars and a dark partment of Agriculture. CIE. A. 3083
yellowish spot subbasally centrally; prono- (BMNH).
tum touched with red adjacent eyes and Etymology.4Named after the long py-
with two faint longitudinal bands medially gofer process.
and scutellum with a pair of reddish spots Remarks.4This species differs from P.
subbasally. dalatiensis in its paler color, longer pygofer
Pygofer side elongate, dorsal process process, and broader apex of the aedeagal
long and stout, bearing three macrosetae. shaft in dorsal view. The type is in poor
296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
condition, and its markings may be paler ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
than in fresh specimens. We express our sincere thanks to the
BPBM and the IRSNB for lending us the
Platyvalvata dalatiensis Zhang, Wei, and specimens on which this study is based.
Webb, new species Thanks are also made to Patrick Grootaert,
(Figs. 29-37) Isabella Van de Velde, and Jerome Constant
for their help during a visit by MDW to
Description.4Length: 6, 6.5 mm (x1).
IRSNB, made possible by a European
Generally sordid yellow; anterior margin of
Commission ABC grant. This study is sup-
head with a nearly V-shaped whitish band
ported by the National Natural Science
between ocelli. Vertex with two brown
Foundation of China (grant no. 39870113),
spots subbasally; clypeus generally yellow-
Northwest A & F University grants for out-
ish brown with a medial large dark brown
standing faculty members, and the Excel-
patch ventrally and several indistinct red-
lent Competent Personnel Foundation.
dish transverse bars laterally. Pronotum
touched with red laterally adjacent to eye LITERATURE CITED
and with a series of small blackish spots on Holloway, J. D. 1984. Notes on the Butterflies of the
Gunong Mulu National Park, pp. 89-131. Jn Jermy,
midline basally. Scutellum yellowish brown
A. C. and K. P. Kavanagh, eds. Gunong Mulu Na-
with laterobasal area with a pair of small
tional Park, Sarawak. An Account of its Environ-
spots slightly basad of transverse suture mental and Biota being the Results of The Royal
dark brown. Venter generally yellowish Geographical Society/Sarawak Government Expe-
brown with prosternum and femora heavily dition and Survey 197741978 Part II. The Sarawak
Museum Journal 30, Special Issue 2.
marked with dark brown.
Oman, P. W., W. J. Knight, and M. W. Nielson. 1990.
Fifth apical cell of left forewing indis- Leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) A Bibliography, Ge-
tinct. neric Check-list and Index to the World Literature
Pygofer process weakly developed and 1956-1985. CAB International Institute of Ento-
mology, Wallingford, England, 368 pp.
bearing a few fine setae. Aedeagal shaft in
Webb, M. D. 1999. Identity of Bythoscopus ignicans
dorsal view slightly sinuate basally with
Walker, 1857 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Ci-
apex slightly expanded and bifurcate in dor- cadomorpha: Cicadellidae: Stegelytrinae). Rei-
sal view; apex flattened in lateral view, an- chenbachia 33 (14): 111-114.
Wei, C. and Y. Zhang. 2003. A new species of the
terolateral margin strongly dentate over dis-
genus Placidus (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Stege-
tal two-thirds.
lytrinae) from Nepal. Entomotaxonomia 25(4):
Type material4Holotype ¢, Vietnam, 91-94.
1S km NW of Dalat, 1,850 m, 5.v.1960; Zhang, Y. and C. Wei. 2002. Study on the Oriental
leafhopper genus Kunasia Distant (Homoptera:
L.W. Quate (BPBM).
Cicadellidae). Entomotaxonomia 24(2): 83-88.
Etymology.4Named after its type local-
Zhang, Y., M. D. Webb, and C. Wei. 2004. The Ori-
ity. ental leafhopper genus Doda Distant (Auchenor-
Remarks.4This species differs from P. rhyncha: Cicadellidae). Systematics and Biodiver-
sity 1(3): 301-303.
longicornis in having the clypeus generally
Zhang, Y., C. Wei, and L. Shen. 2002. A new species
dark ochre with a nearly V-shaped white
of Placidellus Evans and a related new genus (Ho-
band basally and a large central blackish- moptera: Cicadellidae). Entomotaxonomia 24(4):
ochre patch ventrally, the male pygofer pro- 239-244.
Zhang, Y., C. Wei, and G. Sun. 2002. A systematic
cess much shorter, and the aedeagal shaft in
study on the genus Cyrta Melichar (Homoptera:
dorsal view slightly sinuate basally and less
Cicadellidae). Entomotaxonomia 24(1):27444 (in
expanded apically. Chinese with English summary).