Two new Middle Miocene spatangoids (Echinoidea) from the Murray Basin, south Australia

2005·6.6 MB·English

by  Francis C Holmes

MemoirsofMuseumVictoria62(1):91-99(2005)
ISSN 1447-2546(Print) 1447-2554(On-line)
http://www.museum.vic.gov.au/memoirs/index.asp
Two new Middle Miocene spatangoids (Echinoidea) from the Murray Basin,
SouthAustralia
FrancisC. Holmes1 ChristopherAhYeeandJaniceKrause2
,
‘15KenbryRoad,Heathmont,Victoria3135,Australia,andInvertebratePalaeontology,MuseumVictoria,POBox666,
Melbourne,Victoria3001,Australia([email protected])
2P.O.Box581,Hamilton,Victoria3300,Australia
Abstract Holmes,F.C.,AhYee,C.,andKrause,J. 2005.TwonewMiddleMiocenespatangoids(Echinoidea)fromtheMurray
Basin,SouthAustralia.MemoirsofMuseumVictoria62(1):91-99.
TwonewspatangoidtaxaaredescribedfromtheGlenforslanFormationcroppingoutintheMurrayRivercliffsnear
Blanchetown, SouthAustralia. Onetaxon,Murraypneustesbiannulatusgen.etsp.nov., alargespeciesofspatangoid
withtwo ‘peripetalous’fascioles (onecirclingthemarginandtheotherclosetothedistalendoftherelativelyshort
petals),twodistinctsizesofaboralprimarytubercles,andadepressedapicalsystem.Theotherspatangoiddescribed,
Spatagobrissusdermodyorumsp.nov.differsfromtheonlyotherfossilspeciesofthisgenusrecordedfromAustralia,
S.laubei(Duncan, 1877),inhavingamuchshorterlabrum,markedlylargerperistomeandperiproctandlargerprimary
tubercleswithintheperipetalousfasciole.
Keywords Echinoidea,Spatangoida,Murrraypneustes,Spatagobrissus,newtaxa,MiddleMiocene,SouthAustralia
Introduction Palaeontologycollection,MuseumVictoria(NMV).Inaddition
to type material, the new species ofSpatagobrissus is repre-
OfalltheAustralianTertiary sedimentarysequencesthatcon- sented by several specimens in private collections. Measure-
tain extensive echinoid faunas, the 150 km ofMurray River mentsweremadewithadialcallipertoanaccuracyof0.1mm.
cliffs, from Overland Comer, east of Waikerie, to Murray Parametersareexpressedasapercentageoftestlength(%TL)
Bridge,SouthAustralia,haveoverthelast120yearsbeenmore ortestwidth(%TW).
comprehensively studied by palaeontologists, students and
amateurcollectorsthananyothersimilararea.IntheMiocene Ageandstratigraphy
stratigraphic sequences alongtheMurrayRiverandelsewhere
The Glenforslan Formation, synonymous with the Lower
inAustralia, species belonging to the Spatangoida constitute
Morganlimestone,conformablyoverliestheFinnissFormation
approximately 50 percent of the recorded taxa of irregular
echinoids. Inview ofthenumberofspatangoids occurring in and is ofearly MiddleMiocene (Batesfordian, Langian) agem.
thissectionoftheMurrayRivercliffs,thediscoveryin2003of The thickness ofthe unit is relatively consistent at 13-15
threespecimensofanewgenusbelongingtothisorder, seem- although this is reduced in southern exposure due to post-
inglyunrelatedtoanyothergenusknownfromthecontinent’s MiddleMioceneupliftandsubsequenterosion.Theformation
fossilrecord,wasunexpected. is sublithifiedtolithified, weatheringtowhitish-creamcolour
Thespecimenswerefoundwithin300mofeachotherina inoutcrop(LukasikandJames, 1998).Itiscomposedofcycles
singlebedofthe GlenforslanFormation, cropping outonthe ofmollusc-bryozoan floatstone, with a microbioclastic pack-
left bank of the Murray River, 7 km NNE of Blanchetown, stonematrix, gradingupwardinto Celleporariarudstone tops
South Australia [Museum Victoria locality PL3203]. Further (infaunal bivalve and gastropod-rich microbioclastic matrix
with large branching and sheeted Celleporaria) which also
investigation ofthe surface exposure ofthe formation in the
general vicinity of this discovery failed to produce any containpectens and oysters. Echinoids tendto befound ator
additionalspecimensofthenewgenus. abovetherudstone-floatstonecontactatthebaseofthecycles,
whiMcahtetrhiealsstuadnidesmeartehobdass.edS,peacreimheonusneudmbienrsthpereIfnivxeerdtePb,raotne bthreyzloaattnesrocfon1t-a3incimngldeenlgithc.atSeebdriamnecnhtisngareanpderuvnais-ilvaemliynmaorttslheede,t
obscuring all physical sedimentary textures. The middle
i
92 FrancisC.Holmes,ChristopherAhYeeandJaniceKrause
Glenforslan Formation is interpreted as being deposited in peripetalous fasciole clear ofthe distal ends ofpairedpetals,
relativelyshallowwaters,possiblylessthan10m,basedonthe clearlydistinguishthenewgenusMurraypneustesfromvirtu-
presence of calcareous algae and mixotrophic foraminifers allyallothertaxaassignedtotheMicrasterina,inparticularthe
(Lakasik,pers. com. 2005). Itformspartoftherichestwarm- 22generaincludedintheAsterostomatidaeFisher, 1966.Only
waterbioticrecordfromsouthernAustraliaatatimeofmaxi- one of these genera, Asterostoma Agassiz, 1847, has tenta-
mum transgression of the sea across the continental shelf tively been retained in the Asterostomatidae (together with
(McGowranandLi, 1994,andpaperscitedtherein). Stomaporus Cotteau, 1888, agenus originally assignedtothe
Thethreespecimensofthenewgenuswerefoundabout7.4 BrissidaeGray, 1855)bySmithetal.(2003).Oftheremaining
mabovethebase oftheformation, approximately 2mabove 21 genera, Smith et al. have conditionally reassigned 13 to
theLepidocyclinaZone. other families, only six of which are included in the
Micrasterina.Theremainingeightarelistedasincertaesedisor
Associatedfauna asbelongingtoanunnamedtaxon.Untiladetailedrevisionof
these lattergenerais published, itis considered imprudentto
NGlienneftoeresnlasnpeFcoiremsatoifonecwhiitnhoiinds50h0amveupbseternearmecaonrddeddowfnrsotmretahme assignthenewgenustoaspecificfamily.
of PL3203 (Table 1), compared with 28 confirmed species
knowntooccurwithintheMorganGroup(Glenforslan,Cadell, Murraypneustesgen.nov.
andBryantCreekFormations).
Typeandonlyknownspecies. Murraypneustesbiannulatussp.
nov.
Table 1. Echinoids recordedwithin the vicinity oflocalityPL3203.
Letters in brackets indicate the frequency of occurrence of each Diagnosis. Large ovoid spatangoid with centrally depressed
species.[A],abundant;[C],common;[F],fairlycommon;[U],uncom- adapical surface, apexwellposteriorofcentre.Apical system
mon; [R],rare. Referencestoauthorsandsupportingliteraturecited ethmolyticwith4gonopores.Aboralprimarytuberclesof2dis-
below, but not listed in the main textreferences, can be found in tinct sizes, smallandrandomly spaced, thelargerproximalto
Holmes(1993). the ambitus. Labrum long, narrow, partially tuberculate,
Cidaroida extending to third ambulacral plate. Two ‘peripetalous’
GoniocidarismurrayensisChapmanandCudmore, 1934[C] fascioles present; one marginal, passing above the periproct
Arbacoida (pseudolateral); the second, rudimentary, non re-entrant and
Murrayechinuspaucituberculatus(Gregory,1890)[F] clearofthedistalendsofpairedpetals.Intermittenthorizontal
Temnopleuroida fasciolebandsalsooccurbetweenthe2‘peripetalous’fascioles.
Cryptechinushumilior(Bittner, 1892)[C] Subanalfascioleincontactwithmarginalperiproct.
OrtholophusmorganensisPhilip,1969[C]
O.pulchellus(Bittner, 1892)[C] Etymology.FortheMurrayRivercliffs,theoriginofthefossils,
Clypeasteroida and “pneustes”, a common suffix used for spatangoid
MonostychiaaustralisLaube, 1869[A] echinoids.Gendermasculine.
M.sp. ‘C’inHolmes, 1999[F]
Remarks.Thefollowinganalysisofmorphologicalfeaturesof
Scutellinoidespatella(Tate, 1891)[C]
Spatangoida generasimilartoMurraypneustes gen. nov. isbasedprimarily
BrissopsistateiHall, 1907[U] on Mortensen (1950a) and Smith et al. (2003). Although
Brissussp.nov?[R] approximately 30 genera within the Micrasterina have been
Cyclasterarcher (TenisonWoods, 1867)[C] investigated, only eight warranted further scrutiny; four cur-
EupatagusrotundusDuncan, 1877[U] rently unassigned to a family by Smith et al. (2003),
Eupatagussp.indet.[U] Elipneustes Koehler, 1914, Eurypatagus Mortensen, 1948,
Hemiaster(Bolbaster)planedeclivisGregory, 1890[C] LinopneustesA.Agassiz, 1881,andPlatybrissusGrube, 1865;
Loveniacf.forbesi(TenisonWoods, 1862)[C] threebelongingtotheMaretiidae(Lambert, 1905),Eupatagus
Murraypneustesbiannulatusgen.etsp.nov.[R] L. Agassiz, 1847, Mazzettia Lambert and Thiery, 1915 and
Pericosmuscompressus(Duncan, 1877)[R]
Protenasterantiaustralis(Tate, 1885)[U] SpatagobrissusH.L.Clark, 1923;andMacropneustidaegenus
Spatagobrissusdermodyorumsp.nov[F] LajanasterLambertandSanchezRoig, 1924.
Using a broad comparison of 38 features, Linopneustes
standsoutfromtheothersevengeneraashavingclosestaffin-
SystematicPalaeontology ity with Murraypneustes; four of its recorded six species,
L. longispinus (A. Agassiz, 1878), L. fragilis (de Meijere,
OrderSpatangoidaClaus, 1876
1903),L. spectabilis (deMeijere, 1903), andL. brachipetalus
SuborderMicrasterinaFisher, 1966 Mortensen, 1950b having distinct marginal peripetalous
fascioles passing above the periproct. In the other two,
FamilyIncertaesedis
L. murrayi (A.Agassiz, 1879) andL. excentricus deMeijere,
Remarks.Thecombinationofgenericfeatures,particularlythe 1903, the peripetalous fasciole is not marginal but somewhat
presenceofamarginal ‘peripetalous’fasciole,intermittenthor- higher up on the test (Mortensen, 1950a: 221). Although
izontal fasciole bands and a rudimentary non re-entrant L. fragilis has multiple fasciole bands around the ambitus,
TwonewmiddleMiocenespatangoids 93
L. murrayi a rounded margin (Smith, pers. com. 2005) and MurrayRiverLock 1, Blanchetown, SouthAustralia [NMVlocality
L. longispinus relatively shortclosingpetals; Murmypneustes PL3203].
isdistinguishedbyitscentrallydepressedaboralsurfaceform- Paratypes,NMYP312371andP312372fromthesamelocation.
ingfourapices(domedonLinopneustes)withthehighestpoint Diagnosis.Asforgenus.
ofthetestposteriortotheapicaldisk(anteriorinLinopneustes),
the presence of two ‘peripetalous’ fascioles and intermittent Description.Testmoderatelylarge,ovoidinoutlinewithshal-
hsopraiczeodntaalbofraaslciporleimbaarnydst,ubtewrocldeiss,titnhcetsliazregserofressmtarlilctreadntdoomtlhye lSopwecianmteenrsiorrasnuglecufsroamnd72potiont8e1d,mmsliignhtlleyngttrhu,ncwaittehdmpaosxtiermiourm.
areaoutsidetheupper ‘peripetalous’fasciole,andaprominent width 81-86%TLoccurring at45%TLfromanteriorambitus.
angularsubanalfasciole. Test44.1%TLhigh(uncompressedspecimen)withapexofall
Basedonthesamecriteria,threeothergenerashowamod- specimens well posterior ofcentre, 63-67%TLfrom anterior
erate degree of morphological similarity to Murraypneustes, ambitus.
namelyElipneustes,Mazzettia,andEupatagus. Centreoftest on adapical surfacedepressedaround apical
Elipneustes,however,canbedistinguishedbyitsverylong, diskandproximalendofpairedpetalstoformminorapicesin
parallel-sided, open-ended, flush petals with conjugate pore interambulacra 1,4and5, andconjointly, araisedareaacross
pairs;single,narrow,marginallysituatedperipetalousfasciole; ambulacrum III and interambulcra 2 and 3. Adoral surface
peristome situated immediately below the apical disk; small mildly concave in vicinity ofperistome with ambulacrum III
thickset plastron with minimal posterior swelling; and much slightly recessed anteriorly and the plastron forming a fairly
larger primary tubercles scattered over all the aboral inter- pronouncedkeelposteriorly,terminatingattheanterioredgeof
ambulacra. thesubanalfasciole.
Mazzettia, a poorly known fossil genus, has an elongated Primary tubercles on adapical surface of 2 distinct sizes,
heart-shapedtestwithalow sharpmargin, verylongweakly- bothwidelyandrandomlyspaced.Largerofthetworestricted
bowedpetalsclosingdistally,norecordedperipetalousfasciole tothedistal35%oftheradiusoninterambulacrum5,and25%
and only occasionally a weak shield-shaped subanal fasciole, elsewhere. Adorally, larger primary tubercles closely and
anelongatedlabrumjustreachingtherelativelysmallplastron, evenly spaced throughout, with exception of naked areas in
andrandombutcloselyspacedcoarsetuberclesaborally. ambulacraIandVandphyllodeplatesofambulacraII,IIIand
Eupatagus, although possessing well developed peri- IV. Overlapping scrobicules on adoral surface form distinct
petalous andsubanalfasciolesiseasilycategorisedbyitslack diagonal ridges. Small tubercles closely spaced immediately
of an anterior sulcus, predominately short lanceolate closed below ambitus increase in size to that of larger primary
petals, primary tubercles of varying density restricted to the tuberclesbelowcurvatureofmargin. Largeprimarytubercles,
area within the peripetalous fasciole in aboral interlambracra perforatewithundercutmamelonandcrenulatedplatform,and
1-4, andvery small evenly spaced tubercles distally overthe maximum scrobicular diameter of approximately 2.5 mm,
remainderofthe aboralsurface. Comparisonofotherfeatures twicesizeofsmallercounterparts.Ringofscrobiculartubercles
isdifficultbecauseofvariabilityamongtheverylargenumber notalwayspresent.
ofdescribed species. In particular, the eightAustralian fossil ‘Peripetalous’ and subanal fascioles present, the former,
speciesvaryconsiderablyinprofile,aregenerallymoreround- though not continuously visible on any specimen clearly
ed, and have an extremely wide range of primary tubercle passesaboveperiproct,whilelatterisdistinctlyangular,form-
densities when compared with the type species on which the ing hexagonal outline where in contact with lower edge of
genericdescriptionisbased. periproct. Intermittent horizontal fasciole bands also present
Twoothergenera,PlatybrissusandEurypatagus,aredistin- laterallyaboveandparalleltomarginal ‘peripetalous’fasciole.
guishedbytheircompletelackoffascioles,althoughtheformer Uppermost very narrow and more continuous fasciole,
mayhaveasubanalfasciolepresentinjuvenilespecimens. although clear ofdistal ends ofpetals, appears to be a rudi-
Lajanaster, although depressed aborally, has no anterior mentaryperipetalusfasciolenotindentedinterradially(Fig.3).
sulcus,arelativelysharpambitus,amarkedlynarrowplaston, Apicalsystemanteriorofcentre,39.5-42.2%TLfromanter-
and primary tubercles confined to the posterior column of iorambitustocentre ofdisk,levelorslightlybelowproximal
anterior and lateral interambulacra within the peripetalous end ofpairedpetals. Ethmolyticm,mwith4 small closely spaced
fasciole. gonopores approximately 0.3 in diameter, anterior pair
Spatagobrissus was included in the comparative analysis, closer together than posterior pair. Detail of ocular plates
primarily as a new species of the genus occurs at the same indeterminate. Hydropores numerous, approximately 70
locality(PL3203)asMurraypneustes.Inmostrespectsthefor- visible in one specimen, centrally located but extending
merisverysimilartoEupatagusbuthasshorterpetalsandonly betweenposteriorpairofgonoporesandpossiblyocularplates
smalltuberclesoverthewholeoftheaboralsurface. IandV(Fig.4A,B).
Petalslanceolate,moderatelywideatmidlength,closeddis-
Murraypneustesbiannulatus. sp.nov. tally, situated in gentle concave depressions incorporating
adradialedgesofadjacentinterambulacraandcontinuingprox-
Figures2A-F,3A-C,4A,B,5 imally across apical disk. Anteriorpaired petals shorter than
Typematerial.Holotype,NMYP312370fromearlyMiddleMiocene posteriorpair, extending on average 60% ofthe radius meas-
GlenforslanFormation(Batesfordian),MorganGroup,7kmNNEof ured along the surface ofthe perradial suture from centre of
94 FrancisC.Holmes,ChristopherAhYeeandJaniceKrause
apicaldiskto ambitus;posteriorpairabout56%radius. Inner transverselyabovewell-roundedmarginwithambitus situated
poresofpetals oval, outerpores slot-like, slightlycurvedand atabout30%TH.Adoral surfaceverymildlyconvexbutwith
50%wider.Porepairsnotconjugatebutlinkedbyafineridge prominentposteriorkeel causedby sharp rise ofambulacraI
whichextendsalongbothsidesofeachpore(Fig.5).Maximum andVposteriortocentre. Inlateralview, posteriortruncation
widthofinterporiferouszoneslightlymorethantwicewidthof coversabout35%TH.
poriferous zone. Anterior paired petals diverge at approxim- Apical system ethmolytic with 4 genital pores, centre
ately 135° and contain on average 23 pore pairs, posterior 31.3-38.6%TLfrom anteriorambitus (Fig. 7A). Pairedpetals
petals297°and26pairs.Secondarytuberclesextendrandomly short (26.5-32.5%TL measured along surface of perradial
acrossinterporiferous andporiferous zones andforadistance suturefromcentreofapicaldisk),narrow(7.0-9.0%TL),lance-
outsidepetals withoutprimary tubercles. AmbulacrumIIInot olate, closing to closed,posteriorpairmarginally longerthan
petaloid, basically flush with adjoining interambulacra for anteriorpair.Anteriorpairdivergeatabout 135°,posteriorpair
about 50% radius, then gradually becoming concave towards 310°.Porepairsconjugate,innerporesoval,outer-tearshaped.
anterior sulcus. Other details unknown, no sign of pores or Anteriorrow ofpore pairs in anteriorpairedpetals distinctly
regularlyspacedtuberclesbeingvisibleonspecimens. narrower than posterior row and atrophied adapically.
Peristome reniform, centre situated 27-30%TL from Interporiferouszoneupto1.5timeswidthofporiferouszoneat
anterior ambitus, longitudinal dimension approximately widestpoint.AmbulacrumIII flush adapially, with 2 rows of
6.5%TL,transversedimension12%TL.Phyllodesshortandnot indistinctlongitudinallyorientatedporepairsandinterporifer-
particularlywelldeveloped. ous zone containing few secondary tubercles and numerous
Labrum long and narrow, averaging 20.5%TL, slightly miliaries.
curvedatjunctionwithperistome andabuttingtheplastron at Peripetalous fasciole subcircular, not indented. Numerous
centre ofthird pair of adjacent ambulacral plates. Numerous small,randomlyspacedperforate,crenulate,primarytubercles
small tubercles adjacent to peristome with a few larger ones occur in interambulacra within fasciole. Outside fasciole,
towardstheposteriorend(Fig.2C). tubercles in posterior halfof test very small, but anterior to
Plastron closely tuberculate, width approximately 75% centre, gradually increasing in size towards interambulacra
lengthmeasuredfromposterioredgeoflabrumtoanterioredge 2and3.
ofsubanal fasciole. Strong posteriortaper suggests sixth and Peristome reniform, mildly sunken, width 16.0-19.3%TL,
subsequent plates ofambulacraI and V indent behindpaired length8.9-10.3%TLwithanteriorborder23.4-26.8%TLfrom
episternalplates. anterior ambitus. Phyllodes moderately developed with slot-
Periproct opening marginal, not visible from above, tear shapedporesincirculardepressions.Labrumshortandwedge-
shaped, slightly wider than high, set in a slight truncation shaped extending only to centre of second pair of adjacent
approximately65°tothehorizontal. ambulacral plates. Anterior edge raised above surrounding
Etymology, biannulatus(L)-two-ringed,referringtothepres- ambulacra and slightly projecting over peristome. Miliary
tuberclespresentwithfewsecondarytuberclesinanteriorhalf
enceoftwo ‘peripetalous’fasciolerings.
(Fig.7B).
Plastronlong,widthabout55-60%length,withambulacral
FamilyMaretiidae platesindentingposteriorly. Subanalfasciolecirculartotrans-
SpatagobrissusH.L.Clark, 1923 versely oval, enclosing 3 pore pairs each side of interradial
suture, and with slight anteriorprojection atposterior end of
Type species. Spatagobrissus mirabilis H. L. Clark, 1923, by prominent plastronal keel. Posterior edge offasciole margin-
originaldesignation. ally clear ofperiproct opening. Adorally, ambulacra I and V
relatively wide, covered with very fine, randomly spaced
Diagnosis. SeeH.L.Clark(1923:402)
miliarytuberclesuptosixthplate,thenbytuberclesofsimilar
Spatagobrissusdermodyorumsp.nov sizetorestofadoralsurface.
Periproct, tear-drop shaped, generally positionedvertically
Figures6A-E,7A-C, 8A-E on truncated posterior margin but slightly visible from
TypeMaterial.Holotype.NMVP312570fromearlyMiddleMiocene above on some specimens; height 17.1-19.1%TL, width
GlenforslanFormation(Batesfordian),MorganGroup,inthevicinity 13.2-16.0%TL.
BoflanNcMheVtowlnoc,alSiotuythPLAu3s2t0r3a,lia7. km NNE of Murray River Lock 1, Etymology.NamedforMichaelandMarieDermody,ownersof
Paratypes, NMVP312571-P312373 from the same general area. GlenforslanStation.
OthermaterialusedforstatisticalpurposesisheldinMuseumVictoria Remarks. Spatagobrissus dermodyorum sp. nov. differs pri-
andprivatecollections. marily from the Middle Miocene Port Campbell Limestone
Description. Test small, subcircular in outline with minimal species, Spatagobrissus laubei (Duncan, 1877), in having
posterior truncation and no anterior sulcus. Specimens range narrowertestwithmore posteriormaximum width(Fig. 8A),
30.0-45.5 mm in length with maximum width 82-90%TL markedlylargerperistomeandperiproct(Fig.8D,E),andvery
occurring 51-58 %TL from anterior ambitus. Maximum much shorter labrum (Fig. 8B). In addition, anterior paired
height 49.5-60%TL at 52.6-65.5%TL from anterior petals are shorter and posteriorpetals longer (Fig. 8C), with
ambitus. Adapical surface moderately inflated, evenly curved divergentangleoflattergreaterthanS. laubei.Aboralprimary
TwonewmiddleMiocenespatangoids 95
tubercleslargerwithinperipetalousfascioleandinterambulacra Brissus, Cyclaster,Lovenia andPericosmus, occurintropical
2and3, whilefinetuberclesoutsidefascioleonposteriorhalf waters, andthree, Eupatagus, ProtenasterandSpatagobrissus
oftestare muchsmallerindiameter.Adorally, plastronwider intemperatewaters (RoweandGates, 1995). Speciesofthese
andlonger,andambulacraIandVnarrower. eightextant genera, withthepossible exceptionofCyclaster,
TheextanttypespeciesSpatagobrissusmirabilisischarac- areknowntooccuratdepthsoflessthan20minAustralianor
terisedby alarger(upto 110mmlong) andless inflatedtest, New Zealand waters. This depthrange is consistent with the
moreposteriorlylocatedapical systeminlinewithmaximum sedimentary deposition ofthe GlenforslanFormation. On the
width, greater area enclosed by peripetalous fasciole, shorter other hand, Indo-Pacific species of Linopneustes, including
peristome, and periproct situated on an obliquely truncated L. brachypetalus, arefoundatdepthsexceeding270m(range
surface below the ambitus. Primary tubercles within the 272-1788m),withonlytheWestIndiesspecies,L.longispinus,
peripetalous fasciole ofS. mirabilis are also larger and more extending up into sublitoral waters (70-570 m) (Mortensen,
closelyspacedthaninS. dermodyorum. 1950a).
Spatagobrissus incus Baker and Rowe, 1990, an extant Basedontheavailableevidence,itisreasonabletoassume
species endemic to southeast Australian waters, particularly Murraypneustesdermodyiwasabenthicfilterfeederinhabiting
betweenFlindersIsland(Tasmania)andwesternSpencerGulf, relativelyshallow,warm(?sub-tropical)waters.
SouthAustralia, has alargerandmoreroundedtest(upto 80
mmlong)and, similartoS. mirabilis,moreposteriorlylocated Acknowledgements
apical system and greater area enclosed by peripetalous
fasciole. WeareindebtedtoDavidHolloway(InvertebratePalaeontol-
Compared with S. dermodyorum, it also has a much ogy,MuseumVictoria)forvaluableadviceandsupportduring
wider and longer plastron and narrower adoral ambulacra thepreparationofthismanuscript, andtoKennethMcNamara
I and V. Miskelly (2002: 156) noted two pairs of pore (WesternAustraliaMuseum),RichMooi(CaliforniaAcademy
pairs occurineachsideofthe subanalfasciole, afeature also of Sciences) and Andrew Smith (Natural History Museum,
recorded for S. laubei (McNamara et al., 1986: 80). This London),forsuggestingimprovements tothemanuscript.Jeff
contrasts with the three pairs found on S. dermodyorum Lgruakpahsiicki(nPfeotrrmoa-tCiaonnadaan)disAsthhlanekyeMdifsokreplrloyvi(dBilnagckshpeeactihf,icNstSraWti)-
(Fig. 1C).
fordetailsofextantechinoidsfromAustralianwaters.Michael
and Marie Dermody and Donald and Miriam Griffen
Discussion (Blanchetown District, South Australia) are also thanked for
ThemajordiagnosticfeaturesofMurraypneustes,particularly permissiontocollectontheirproperties.Asalways,ValHogan
thepositionofthetwo ‘peripetalous’fascioles,theintermittent and Sandra Winchester (Library, Museum Victoria) were
horizontal fasciole bands, and the random pattern and separ- helpfulwithaccesstoreferences.
ation of two distinct sizes of primary tubercles across the
aboral surface, give little indication ofits lineage. Certainly, References
withintheAustralianCenozoicsequencesthatpredatetheearly Agassiz,A. 1878.ReportontheEchiniinNo.9(2)—Reportsonthe
Middle Miocene Glenforslan Formation, all the 13 recorded resultsofdredging,underthesupervisionofAlexanderAgassiz,in
generaofMicrasterinahavetheirperipetalousfasciolecloseor the GulfofMexico, by the United States Coast Survey Steamer
in contact with the paired petals. Only the brissid Cyclaster “Blake”, Lieutenant-Commander C. D. Sigsbee, U. S. N., com-
is recorded as having developed multiple fascioles in some manding.BulletinoftheMuseumofComparativeZoology,Harvard
specimens(McNamaraetal., 1986: 68). University5: 185-196,pis 1-5.
Similarly, there are no extant genera in Australian Agassiz,A. 1881.ReportontheEchinoidea.Reportsonthescientific
waters that have any specific combination of characters that results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years
link them to Murraypneustes. Even the extant species 1873-76,Zoology3(9):1-321,45pis.
Linopneustes brachipetalus, found off the east coast of Agassiz,L.in:Agassiz,L.,andDesor,E.1847.Catalogueraisonnedes
families, desgenresetdesespecesdelaclassedesechinoderms.
Australia, has long petals in contact with its marginal AnnalesdesSciencesNaturelles7: 129-168.
peripetalousfasciole. Baker,A.L.,andRowe,F.W.E. 1990.Atelostomatidseaurchinsfrom
The lack of anyjuvenile specimens ofthe new genus, or Australia and New Zealand waters (Echinoidea: Cassiduloida,
indeed any marked variation in the size of the three known Holasteroida, Spatangoida, Neolampadoida). Invertebrate
specimens, precludes any useful comment on the disposition Taxonomy4:281-316.
andspecificfunctionofits somewhatunusualarrangementof Clark,H.L.1923.TheechinodermfaunaofSouthAfrica.Annalsofthe
fascioles,assuchdevelopmenttakesplaceataveryearlystage SouthAfricanMuseum113:221^435.
ofontogeny. Claus,C.F.W. 1876.GrundzugederZoologie.Thirdedition.Marburg
Excluding Murraypneustes, only Hemiaster, of the nine andLeipzig,xii+1254pp.
spatangoid genera known to occur in the Glenforslan CottBeaarut,heGl.emy18e7t5.AnDgeusilclrai.ptKiuonngldiegsaeScvheinnisdkeasVteetretinasrkieaspsdaeksadleimeisenSst
Formation sequence which embraces locality PL3203 (Table Handlingar13(6): 1-48.
1),hasnoextantrecordinAustralianwaters.Theeightremain- Cotteau, G. 1888. Echinides eocenes de la province d’ Alicante
ing generaaretoday almostexclusivelybenthic filterfeeders, (Espagne). Compte Rendu de VAcademie des Sciences Paris
living inshore or on the continental shelf. Five, Brissopsis, 107(25):976-978.
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Cainozoic(Tertiary)deposits.QuarterlyJournaloftheGeological Australia.RecordsoftheSouthAustralianMuseum27: 197-212.
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Figure 1.A,B,generallocationmaps;C,mapoftheMurrayRiverbetweenWaikerieandSwanReach,
SouthAustralia,showinglocalityofNMVlocalityPL3203,northofBlanchetown.
TwonewmiddleMiocenespatangoids 97
Figure 2. Murraypneustes biannulatus gen et sp. nov. A-D, adapical, posterior, adoral and left lateral views ofholotype NMV P312370;
E,adapicalviewofparatypeNMVP312371;F,leftlateralviewofparatype,NMVP312372.AllfromtheearlyMiddleMioceneGlenforslan
FormationinthevicinityofNMVlocalityPL3203,northofBlanchetown,SouthAustralia.
Figure3.FascioledetailsofMurraypneustesbiannulatusgen.etsp.nov.A,B,obliquelateralviewandambulacrumIVdetailabovemarginof
paratype,NMVP312371;C,obliqueposteriorviewofparatype,NMVP312372.Scalebar10mm.
FrancisC. Holmes,ChristopherAhYeeandJaniceKrause
Figure5.Murraypneustesbiannulatusgen.etsp.nov.Detailofpore
pairs and tubercles in and adjacent to ambulacrum V ofparatype,
NMVP312372.
Figure4.ApicaldiskdetailsofMurraypneustesbiannulatusgen.etsp.
nov. A, holotype NMV P312370; B, drawing of paratype, NMV
P312372, showing extent of hydropores (black circles), tubercles
(white circles), and gonopores and oculars (black or stippled).
Locationofposterioroculars(marked*)isassumed.Scalebars1mm.
Figure6.Spatagobrissusdermodyorumsp.nov.A,B,D,adapical,adoral,andleftlateralviewsofholotype,NMVP312570;C,adoralviewof
paratype,NMVP312571;E,posteriorviewofparatype,NMVP312572AllspecimensfromtheearlyMiddleMioceneGlenforslanFormationin
thevicinityoflocalityNMVPL3203,northofBlanchetown,SouthAustralia.Scalebars10mm.
TwonewmiddleMiocenespatangoids 99
Figure 7. Spatagobrissus dermodyorum sp. nov. A, detail ofpetals and apical disk ofholotype, NMV P312570; B, peristome and labrum
tuberculationofparatype,NMVP312571;C,subanalfascioleandporepairsofparatype,NMVP312573.Scalebars1mm.
{mm)
length
test
Figure8.ComparativebiometricdataonspecimensofSpatagobrissuslaubei(Duncan,1877)fromtheMiddleMiocenePortCampbellLimestone,
PortCampbell,Victoria(•),andS. dermodyorumsp.nov.fromtheearlyMiddleMioceneGlenforslanFormation,Blanchetowndistrict,South
Australia(o).