Two Nations Under God: The Deuteronomistic History of Solomon and the Dual Monarchies. Volume 2: The Reign of Jeroboam, the Fall of Israel, and the Reign of Josiah

367 Pages·1994·22.007 MB·English

by  Gary N. Knoppers

TWO NATIONS UNDER GOD
The Deuteronomistic History of Solomon
and the Dual Monarchies
Volume 2
HAR,VAR,D SEMITIC MUSEUM
HARVARD SEMITIC MONOGRAPHS
edited by
Frank Moore Cross
Number53
TWO NATIONS UNDER GOD
The Deuteronomistic History ofS olomon
and the Dual Monarchies
Volume2
The Reign of Jeroboam, the Fall of Israel,
and the Reign of Josiah
by
Gary N. Knoppers
Gary N. Knoppers
TWO NATIONS UNDER GOD
The Deuteronomistic History ofS olomon
and the Dual Monarchies
Volume2
The Reign of Jeroboam, the Fall of Israel,
and the Reign of Josiah
Scholars Press
Atlanta, Georgia
TWO NATIONS UNDER GOD
The Deuteronomistic History of Solomon
and the Dual Monarchies
Volume2
The Reign of Jeroboam, the Fall of Israel,
and the Reign of Josiah
by
Gary N. Knoppers
© 1994
Harvard University
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Knoppers, Gary N., 1956-
Two nations under God.
(Harvard Semitic monographs ; no. 52-53)
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
Contents: v. 1. The reign of Solomon and the rise of Jeroboam
v. 2. The reign of Jeroboam, the fall oflsrael, and the reign of Josiah.
1. Bible. O.T.-Kings-Criticism, Redaction. 2. Document
(Biblical criticism) 3. Bible. O.T.-Kings-History of Biblical events.
4. Jews-History-953-586 B.C.-Historiography. 5. Solomon, King oflsrael.
I. Title. II. Title: 2 nations under God.
BS1335.2.K66 1993 222'.5066 93-37963
ISBN 1-55540-913-X (cloth : v. 1 : acid-free paper)
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
To My Parents:
Barthie Maria Boon Knoppers and
Nicolaas Bastiaan Knoppers
Alse alle dinghen selen vervaren,
So dal die edele minne waren
Ende hare dare gheheel openbaren,
Als ghi in een nuwe beghin
Met minnen die minne seelt ane staren:
'Siet, dit eest dat ic bin.'
(Hadewijch, De Visioenen).

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface XI
Acknowledgments xm
Abbreviations xv
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE SINS OF JEROBOAM 13
I. The Secession Challenged by Rehoboam 15
A. The Text of 1 Kgs 12:21-24 16
B. The Composition of 1 Kgs 12:21-24 17
C. Rehoboam' s Challenge in Literary Context 21
D. Shemaiah's Ratification of Disunion 23
II. The Cultic Secession of Jeroboam 24
A. The Text of 1 Kgs 12:26-33 25
B. The Composition of 1 Kgs 12:25-33 30
C. The Literary Structure of 1 Kgs 12:26-33 33
D. A Cultus Misbegotten 35
3. JEROBOAM, PROPHECY, AND JOSIAH 45
I. Tradition History and Textual Criticism 46
A. The Text of 1 Kgs 13:1-3 47
B. The Text of 1 Kgs 13:31-34 49
Vlll TWO NATIONS UNDER GOD
II. The Composition of 1 Kings 13 50
A. 1 Kings 13: A Late Insertion? 51
B. The Reuse of Prophetic Legends 55
III. A Tale of Two Prophets 56
A. Is There a Moral to the Story? 57
B. The Encounter at Bethel 58
C. The Man of God and the Prophet of Bethel 60
IV. Jeroboam, the Fall of Israel, and Josiah's Reform 64
A. Jeroboam's Sins and the Demise of Israel 65
B. The Persistence of Jeroboam's Cult 67
C. Jeroboam's Cult and Josiah's Campaigns 70
4. THE FALL OF JEROBOAM 73
I. Prophetic Consultation and Confrontation 76
A. Prophetic Consultations as a Type-Scene 77
B. Advise and Confront: 3 Rgns 12:24g-na 79
C. Advise and Confront: 1 Kgs 14:1-18 81
II. Condemnation and Reprobation 86
A. The Text of 3 Rgns 12:241-m 86
B. The Composition of 3 Rgns 12:241-m 88
C. Kin and King 89
III. Kin, King, and Kingdom 91
A. The Text of 1 Kgs 14:7-16 92
B. The Composition of 1 Kgs 14:7-16 94
C. The Promises to David and the Judgments
against Jeroboam 101
D. Condemnation and Reprobation Extended
and Amplified 108
TABLE OF CONTENTS IX
5. INNOVATION AS RENOVATION: JOSIAH AND
"THE SCROLL OF THE TORAH" 121
I. The Crisis Precipitated by the Torah Scroll 125
A. The Composition of 2 Kings 22-23:
An Overview 125
B. The Impetus to Reform 133
C. Josiah, the Deuteronomist, and Deuteronomy 135
II. The Oracles of Huldah 140
A. Formal and Thematic Issues 140
B. The Composition of2 Kgs 22:15-20 144
C. Huldah in Preexilic and Exilic Perspective 152
Ill. Renewing the National Covenant 156
A. The Composition of 2 Kings 23: 1-3 157
B. King, People, and Covenant 158
C. Josianic Power and Deuteronomic Polity 163
6. JOSIAH'S REFORMS: RECOVERING THE DAV IDIC
SOLOMONIC KINGDOM 171
I. Josiah's Southern Reforms 175
A. The Composition of 2 Kings 23 :4-14 176
B. The Structural Dimension
of Josiah's Reforms 181
C. The Exhaustive Nature of Josiah's Reforms 187
D. Centralization and the Purge of Alien Cults 191
X TWO NATIONS UNDER GOD
II. Josiah's Northern Reforms 196
A. The Composition of2 Kgs 23:15-20 197
B. Introduction and Overview 202
C. Josiah and the Man of God from Judah 207
D. Josiah and the Prophet from Bethel 209
III. King, Cult, and Kingdom 215
A. The Composition of2 Kgs 23:21-30 216
B. The Literary Structure of Josiah's Reign 221
C. A National Paschal Feast in Jerusalem 223
7. CULT AND KINGDOM: THE DEUTERONOMISTIC
PRESENTATION OF THE MONARCHY 229
Bibliography 255
Index of Citations 315
Index of Authors 339