Table Of ContentTurbulent Shear Flows 7
Selected Papers from the Seventh International
Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows,
Stanford University, USA,
August 21-23, 1989
Editors:
F. Durst B. E. Launder W. C. Reynolds
F. W. Schmidt 1. H. Whitelaw
With 241 Figures
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris
Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona
Franz Durst
Lehrstuhl fUr Stromungsmechanik, Universitat Erlangen-Niirnberg
Cauerstral3e 4, 8520 Erlangen, FRG
Brian E. Launder
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manchester,
Institute of Science and Technology,
Manchester M60 lQD, UK
William C. Reynolds
Mechanical Engineering Department, Thermosciences Division,
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-3030, USA
Frank W. Schmidt
Mechanical Engineering Department, The Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, PA 16802, USA
James H. Whitelaw
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College of Science and Technology,
Exhibition Road, London SW7 2BX, England
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data.
International Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows (7th: 1989: Stanford University)
Turbulent shear flows 7: selected papers from the Seventh International Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows,
Stanford University, USA, August 21-23, 1989 editors: F. Durst ... [et al.]. p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-76089-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-76087-7
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-76087-7
1. Turbulence-Congresses. 2. Shear flow--Congresses. 3. Turbulent boundary layer Congresses. I. Durst, F.
II. Title. TA357.5.T87I58 1989620.1'064 dc20 90-25961 CIP
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Preface
The Seventh Symposium was held on the campus of Stanford University with·a
combination offacilities and weather which made it possible to add open-air poster
sessions and coffee breaks to the programme. This was particularly convenient as
the call for papers attracted close to three hundred abstracts and a total number
of participants well in excess of this number. Some one hundred and thirty papers
were presented in carefully phased parallel sessions and thirty six further
contributions were made available in the form of posters. In addition, a lively
open-forum session allowed additional speakers to make brief presentations.
The staff of the Thermo-Sciences Division of the Department of Mechanical
Engineering at Stanford undertook the local arrangements with evident success
and their extensive record of contributions to Turbulent Shear Flows made the
venue particularly appropriate. Also, the Centre for Turbulence Studies, based
on the faculty of the University and the NASA Ames Research Center, provided a
considerable body of expertise with emphasis on direct numerical stimulation.
From the papers presented at the Symposium, we have selected twenty-seven
for inclusion in this volume and each of these has been improved and extended
in accordance with recommendations of the Editors. We have chosen four subject
areas which accord with the most exciting topics of the Symposium, namely wall
flows, free flows, reacting flows and numerical simulations and, as in previous
volumes, we have asked eminent authorities to prepare introductory articles for
each topic so as to put the individual contributions in context with each other
and with related research.
Financial support for the Seventh Symposium was provided by the Boeing
Airplane Company, General Motors, Rockwell International and the National
Science Foundation.
It was offered in cooperation with the Fluid Engineering and Heat Transfer
Divisions of the ASME.
The technical programme of the Symposium was the responsibility of our
Papers Committee guided by at least two reviews of each extended abstract. These
reviews were provided by members of the Advisory Committee who also served as
Chairmen at the Symposium. This Advisory Committee comprised:
VI Preface
R. J. Adrian (USA) 1. R. Herring (USA)
1. C. Andre (France) R. Houdeville (France)
R. A. Antonia (Australia) J. A. C. Humphrey (USA)
G. Bergeles (Greece) F. Hussain (USA)
R. W. Bilger (Australia) N. Kasagi (Japan)
R. F. Blackwelder (USA) W. Kollmann (USA)
L. 1. S. Bradbury (UK) E. Krause (Germany)
P. Bradshaw (USA) A. Leonard (USA)
M. Coanic (France) M. LesIeur (France)
J. Coustlex (France) 1. L. Lumley (USA)
D. F. G. Durao (Portugal) P. Moin (USA)
R. Friedrich (Germany) Y. Nagano (Japan)
I. S. Gartshore (Canada) I. Nakamura (Japan)
W. K. George (USA) W. Rodi (Germany)
C. H. Gibson (USA) G. S. Samuelsen (USA)
M. M. Gibson (UK) U. Schumann (Germany)
V. W. Goldschmidt (USA) M. Sokolov (Israel)
H. Ha Minh (France) R. L. Street (USA)
K. Hanjalic (Yugoslavia) K. Suzuki (Japan)
T. I. Hanratty (USA) M. W olfshiein (Israel)
It is with considerable pleasure that we record our thanks to the staff of
Springer-Verlag for producing this book in accordance with the requirements of
the Symposium.
London 1990 Editors
Contents
Part I Scalar and Stratified Flows
Introductory Remarks. By C. H. Gibson 3
Reconnection of Two Antiparallel Vortex Tubes: A New Cascade
Mechanism. By M. V. Melander and F. Hussain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
High Resolution Three-Dimensional (2563) Spatio-Temporal Measurements
of the Conserved Scalar Field in Turbulent Shear Flows. By W. 1. A. Dahm
and K. A. Buch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Direct Simulation of Homogeneous Turbulence and Gravity Waves
in Sheared and Unsheared Stratified Flows. By T. Gerz and
U. Schumann .......... " .................. 27
Turbulence Model for Triple Velocity and Scalar Correlations. By Y. Nagano
and M. Tagawa .............................. 47
Fossil Two-Dimensional Turbulence in the Ocean. By C. H. Gibson 63
Part II Wall Flows
Introductory Remarks. By R. M. C. So and Y. G. Lai 81
The Structure of Pressure Fluctuations in Turbulent Shear Flows. By 1. Kim
and M. 1. Lee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
The Structure of Sheared Turbulence Near a Plane Boundary. By M. 1. Lee
and 1. C. R. Hunt ............................... 101
Study on a Turbulent Boundary Layer Disturbed by a Cylinder-Effect
of Cylinder Size and Position. By K. Suzuki, H. Suzuki, Y. Kikkawa and
Y. Kawaguchi ................................. 119
Some Characteristics of Bypass Transition in a Heated Boundary Layer.
By K. H. Sohn, 1. E. O'Brien and E. Reshotko ............... 137
VIII Contents
Turbulent Characteristics Inside a Turbulent Spot in a Plane Poiseuille
Flow. By D. S. Henningson and 1. Kim .................. 155
Part III Free Shear Flows
Introductory Remarks. By L. J. S. Bradbury 169
Three-Dimensional Aspects and Transition of the Wake
of a Circular Cylinder. By C. H. K. Williamson . . . . 173
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of the Three-Dimensional
Evolution of an Axisymmetric Jet. By E. Meiburg, 1. C. Lasheras
and J. E. Martin ............................ 195
Turbulent Plane Jet Excited Mechanically by an Oscillating Thin
Plate in the Potential Core. By M. Miyata, N. Kurita
and I. Nakamura .......................... 209
Structure in the Near Field of the Transverse Jet. By T. F. Fric
and A. Roshko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Reynolds Stress Evolution in Curved Two-Stream Turbulent Mixing
Layers. By M. W. Plesniak and 1. P. Johnston ............ 239
The Effect of Extra Strain Rates of Streamline Curvature
and Divergence on Mixing Layers. By A. E. Johnson
and P. E. Hancock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Part IV Reacting Flows
Introductory Remarks. By W. P. Jones 271
Mixing Models for Turbulent Flows with Exothermic Reactions.
By J.-Y. Chen and W. Kollmann .............. . 277
A Lagrangian Intermittent Model for Turbulent Combustion
Theoretical Basis and Comparisons with Experiments.
By M. Gonzalez and R. Borghi ............... . 293
Direct Simulation of a Passive Diffusion Flame in Sheared
and Unsheared Homogeneous Turbulence. By S. Elghobashi
and K. K. Nomura ....................... . 313
Large Scale Structures in Reacting Mixing Layers. By C. Lee,
R. W. Metcalfe and F. Hussain ............... . 331
Modelling and Numerical Simulation of Premixed Turbulent
Combustion in a Boundary Layer. By B. Rogg . . . . . . . 345
Contents IX
Investigation of the Combustion-Turbulence Interaction in Premixed
Stagnation Flames of Hz-CH4 Mixtures. By Y. Liu, B. Lenze
and W. Leuckel .............................. 357
Coherent Flame Model for Non-Uniformly Premixed Turbulent Flames.
By D. Veynante, F. Lacas, E. Maistret and S. M. Candel 367
Index of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Part I
Scalar and Stratified Flows
Introduction to Scalar and Stratified Flows
Carl H. Gibson
Departments of Applied Mechanics and Engineering Sciences, and Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Perhaps the most important practical aspect of turbulent shear flows is their
dominant effect on scalar fields such as temperature, density or chemical species.
When turbulence exists, it tends to completely determine the mixing and diffusion of
such quantities. Industrial flows with chemical reactions, combustion, and natural
flows in the ocean and atmosphere usually involve turbulence constrained by forces,
and complicated by factors, that laboratory studies often suppress; for example,
stratification, rotation and shear. Unstratified, nonrotating, unsheared turbulence
as described by the Batchelor (1967) classic book is so complex and poorly
understood that many fluid dynamicists, and most undergraduate fluid mechanics
textbooks, manage to avoid the subject completely. Papers in the present chapter on
Scalar and Stratified flows confront many of the awkward uncertainties attending
turbulence in the "real world". Some excellent new tools exist today that were not
available to Batchelor, and their impact is reflected in the following articles.
Digital computers can now convincingly simulate the full details of viscous
vortex dynamics, as shown by the paper of Melander and Hussain. No longer can
one assume that the immutable vortex lines of potential flows move with the fluid
and maintain constant vorticity magnitude (root enstrophy) values. Such constant
"enstrophy" lines are diffusively unstable and break up into isolated points of
maximum vorticity magnitude, with diffusive drift velocities, that are connected by
topological lines of minimal enstrophy gradient (Gibson 1988, 1990). These
topological "ridge lines" can "cut-and-connect" in a complex dance of viscous
vorticity annihilation, 2D-dipole pumping, local self-induction and vortex stretch
ing described in the Melander and Hussain paper. We know from other numerical
simulations such as Ashurst et al. (1987) and Gibson et al. (1988) that the response of
various scalar field "dancing partners" are equally intricate, and that the small scale
mixing depends crucially on the interaction of the rate-of-strain tensor, the rotation
tensor and the scalar field topologies.
Equally impressive new laboratory experimental tools are emerging, as demon
strated by the Dahm and Buch paper on a nonintrusive, high resolution, high
frequency planar imaging technique that optically detects 65K samples of dye
concentration in water on a 1 cm2 plane 100 times a second. This can resolve the 3D
field to the Batchelor viscous-diffusive length scale of the turbulent dye mixing
LB == (D/y)1/2, where D is the molecular diffusivity ofthe dye, y == (e/V)1/2 is the rate-of
strain parameter of Batchelor (1959), e is the viscous dissipation rate per unit mass,
Turbulent Shear Flow~ 7
,c' Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1991
