Table Of Contentaii
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M
TULU-ENGLISH
BY
REV. A. MANNER
Mel.
\.
MANGALORE
PRINTED AT THE BASEL MISSION PRESS
1886
PREFACE.
The Tulu language, one of the Dravidian family, is spoken
only by half a million of people, inhabiting the central part of
South-Canara. Until recently there was no literature in this
language, except some legends written on palm-leaves in the
Malayalam character, in the possession of Brahman families.
It was only after the arrival of the Basel Missionaries in this
district (1834) that some books were written and printed in
the Basel Mission Press, the most important being a translation
of the New Testament, which was completed in 1847, and
of which a new typographical edition was issued in 1859.
Other publications intended for the use of the church and
schools followed in course of time, and in 1872 Rev. J. Brigel
compiled a Tulu Grammar, which we recommend to those
interested in that language. For writing, a modification of the
Malayalam alphabet was in vogue till the Basel Mission Press
employed Canarese characters in printing.
2. The compilation of a vocabulary was commenced some
30 years ago. The Rev. G. Kammerer, who died in 1858, left &
manuscript containing about 2000 words. The author took this
vocabulary in hand and continued adding to it from all avail-
able sources, without in the least contemplating the printing
of the same. In ^883, however, the question of printing a
Tulu Dictionary was first mooted, and further steps having been
taken in the matter, the Government of Madras was pleased to
defray the cost of its publication.
IV PREFACE.
3. A Transliteration in Latin characters of every word will,
especially for beginners, facilitate the use of the book. The
appended list (p. viii.) will show the rules according to which the
transliteration has been made.
4. Special attention should be paid to words sounding
alike, viz:
^
* pa-Hi* a lizard- palli, a mosque.
>
e? ane, an anna. e?^ ane, an elephant.
muttu, a pearl. -rfoo^ muddu, a kiss.
3, madipu, a fold. skasg madipu, a consultation.
5. Although it is customary in Dravidian Dictionaries to
give the crude form of the Verb, it was thought better to give
first the Infinitive form, as the conjugation of the verb is depen-
dent on the ending of the Infinitive. The Root, however, is given
after the transliteration. The three terminations of the Infinitive
are as follows:
1. CA3$ uni, as &S -j-e/v>s>= j;io$ voduui, to read;
2. s3S puni, ^>f+^ =3otf^ malpuni, to do;
3. && pini, 5&> +&a =&s>is tupini, to see.
As the formation of the Causative form is sometimes rather
intricate and the meaning is often different from that attached
to the root, it has been thought best to introduce the causative
form as a seperate word.
G. As to the Adjectives, only the simple ones have been
especially mentioned; all others which are either Adjective-
Participles, or Nouns converted into Adjectives either by different
terminations, as the Dative, Locative and Genitive, or by adding
Adjective-Participles (^^ itti, A)^ uppu, ^oso ayi, e/c.~), havebeen
omitted, as the student can easily convert any Noun into an
whenever
Adjective required.
7. In a similiar manner it ought to be stated that all pro-
per Adverbs have been specially pointed out; those, however,
which arc cither Datives or Locatives or Nouns with Verbal
Participles (?5 adii) have been omitted for the above reason.
PREFACE. V
8. The Tulu language does not possess many words with
abstract meanings. The Gerund of every verb may, however,
be used in this sense, for instance, Juo4 wodunavu reading, &&%>
3$ tupinavu observation. Besides this there are some other deriv-
ations, as 4e>^ vodige of 4/i?ioa voduni, ^^.^ heccige of aSt^aa
heccuni, &~^ Jappelu of a^& Jappuni, acsSS dinjelu of aoaos>
dirijuni, ^~ tarte of stj^oa taruni, ^oo^ murte of ^odos> miiruni,
etc. Such abstract words, if not found in this Dictionary, can
easily be formed by means of the Infinitive.
9. The meanings of many words might have been consider-
ably increased, but for the sake of brevity we have, (especially
in the case of words derived from Sanskrit), given only the most
usual ones.
10. It should be taken into consideration that not only the
different castes of the Tulu speaking people have their own
peculiarities of expression and pronunciation, e.g. for "wed-
ding" Brahmans say ^os^re kalyana, Pariahs say aio3> badatana,
and other caste people say ^oS3o madume, but that there are also
three local distinctions of dialect, viz., a southern, a northern
and an eastern one, in which similar peculiarities exist; for
instance:
S. &iL3 podepini, ^asadijp_: of tude, ^ ^s> tupini, -
X. -l^ podepini, oO ssa tadi, o ?k^ sude, .5 ?ie&s>. supini,
J-i ^^ !H ^ls Q
E. :fi^^ pudepuni, 3 so^hadi,^ hude, cs hupini,-^
11. As to the adoption of Sanskrit, words besides those in
common use with the people in connection with their worship,
a number of words have been received which are current among
Tulu Brahmans only, though not all ; and there are also some
words which owe their introduction to Christianity. The Tulu
people also use a number of words which were originally Cana-
rese, Malayalam and Hindustani; of these only the most com-
mon ones have been introduced here.
12. The names of about 600 Plants will be found in this
collection. About half are taken from "Five Hundred Indian
vi PREFACE.
Plants" by C. Stolz, and the others have been obtained in other
ways, careful investigation being required in some cases.
13. A Supplement of about 200 new words is appended.
14. For List of Abbreviations see the following page.
15. In the preparation of this Dictionary the following
works have been consulted: Canarese Dictionary by W. Reeve,
Malayiilain Dictionaryby Dr. H. Gundert, andSanskritDictionary
by Dr. Th. Benfey.
16. In conclusion the author desires to record the great
obligations he is under, to the Munshis Messrs. Madhvaraya of
Caup, Sitarama of Mulki, Sarvottama Pei of Mangalore, and
Catechist Israel Aarons for the assistance given him, and
among some others, he is also indebted to the corrector of
the Mission Press, Mr. Sivarau, who bas been of very great
service to him in carrying the work through the press. He
nevertheless regrets certain errors which bave crept into the
work, and for which he craves the forbearance of the critic.
These have been noted in the Errata.
Mangalore, October 1886. A. 3/.
