Table Of ContentTrust and Records in an Open
Digital Environment
Trust and Records in an Open Digital Environment explores issues that arise
when digital records are entrusted to the cloud and will help professionals to
make informed choices in the context of a rapidly changing digital economy.
S howing that records need to ensure public trust, especially in the era
of alternative truths, this volume argues that reliable resources, which
are openly accessible from governmental institutions, e-services, archival
institutions, digital repositories, and cloud-based digital archives, are the
key to an open digital environment. The book also demonstrates that
current established practices need to be reviewed and amended to include
the networked nature of the cloud-based records, to investigate the role of
new players, like cloud service providers (CSP), and assess the potential for
implementing new, disruptive technologies like blockchain. Stančić and the
contributors address these challenges by taking three themes – state, citizens,
and documentary form – and discussing their interaction in the context of
open government, open access, recordkeeping, and digital preservation.
Exploring what is needed to enable the establishment of an open digital
environment, Trust and Records in an Open Digital Environment should be
essential reading for data, information, document, and records management
professionals. It will also be a key text for archivists, librarians, professors,
and students working in the information sciences and other related fields.
Hrvoje Stancˇi c´ is Professor and Chair of Archival and Documentation
Sciences at the Department of Information and Communication Sciences,
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
He was Director of the InterPARES Trust project’s Team Europe. He is
participating in development of ISO/TC 307 Blockchain and distributed
ledger technologies. His previous publications include A rchival Science
Dictionary: English-Croatian, Croatian-English (2015), H eritage Live: IT
Tools-based Heritage Management (2012), and Digitisation (2009).
Routledge Guides to Practice in Libraries, Archives
and Information Science
Guidance for Librarians Transitioning to a New Environment
S ara Duff and Tina Herman Buck
R ecordkeeping in International Organizations
A rchives in Transition in Digital, Networked Environments
E dited by Jens Boel and Eng Sengsavang
T rust and Records in an Open Digital Environment
E dited by Hrvoje Stančić
For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/
Routledge-Guides-to-Practice-in-Libraries-Archives-and-Information-
Science/book-series/RGPLAIS
Trust and Records in an Open
Digital Environment
Edited by Hrvoje Stancˇic´
F irst published 2021
b y Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
a nd by Routledge
5 2 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
R outledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2021 selection and editorial matter, Hrvoje Stančić; individual
chapters, the contributors
T he right of Hrvoje Stančić to be identified as the author of the
editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters,
has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
A ll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,
or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks
or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN: 978-0-367-43200-3 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-43699-5 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-00511-7 (ebk)
Typeset in Sabon
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
Contents
List of figures viii
List of tables ix
List of contributors x
Acknowledgements xxi
List of acronyms xxii
Introduction 1
L UCIANA DURANTI AND HRVOJE STANČIC´
PART I
State 7
1 Introduction to Part I 9
2 The role of records managers and archivists in open
government 11
ELIZABETH SHEPHERD
3 Policies and standards for recordkeeping and digital
preservation 22
MARIA GUERCIO
4 The impact of a legal framework for cloud computing
on electronic recordkeeping and digital preservation 32
STEFANO ALLEGREZZA
5 Information governance: nature and maturity practices
in EU public administrations 43
BASMA MAKHLOUF SHABOU
vi Contents
6 Governmental e-services 55
LLUÍS-ESTEVE CASELLAS
7 Inter-organisational collaboration on e-government 67
GÖRAN SAMUELSSON
8 Economic models for cloud storage 85
JULIE McLEOD
9 Conclusion to Part I 103
PART II
Citizens 105
10 Introduction to Part II 107
1 1 Open data and privacy 108
JAMES LOWRY AND ANNA SEXTON
12 Public trust in online records: the case of the UK care.data
programme 121
JULIE McLEOD
13 User perceptions of born-digital authenticity 133
JENNY BUNN
14 Usability of electronic record management systems 143
SEVGI KOYUNCU TUNÇ
15 Education of records managers and archivists 152
LIUDMILA VARLAMOVA
16 Conclusion to Part II 162
PART III
Documentary form 165
17 Introduction to Part III 167
1 8 Preservation of website records 168
SILVIA SCHENKOLEWSKI-KROLL
Contents vii
19 Metadata description schemas of cultural heritage institutions
in the context of interoperability 181
ÖZGÜR KÜLCÜ
2 0 Preservation of digital print masters 201
TOMISLAV IVANJKO
21 Blockchain in digital preservation 213
HRVOJE STANČIC´
22 Conclusion to Part III 227
Conclusion 229
HRVOJE STANČIC´
Appendix 1: Checklist for the assessment of implemented
governmental e-services 233
Appendix 2: Recommendations for planning and designing
e-services between public administrations 239
Appendix 3: Checklist for single sign-on systems 242
Appendix 4: Checklist for ensuring trust in storage using IaaS 246
Appendix 5: Metadata elements relevant for retention and
disposition of websites 250
I ndex 256
Figures
0.1 Relationship among book parts 5
5.1 Data collection schema 49
5.2 Average maturity level for each of the ARMA principles
for all participants 51
12.1 Chronology of key events in the care.data programme
2011–Mar 2015 123
12.2 Chronology of key events in the care.data programme
Jun 2015–Jul 2016 (after the end of the study) 123
14.1 The research process involving heuristic evaluation method 144
15.1 Interconnection between educational and professional
qualification standards in Russia 158
1 9.1 User interface of the Ottoman Archives catalogue 185
1 9.2 Search screen of the Turkish Republic catalogue 186
19.3 Search interface of the special collections of the State
Archives of Turkey 187
19.4 Search interface of the system developed by the Ministry
of Culture and Tourism for Manuscripts 189
19.5 Object description in the Turkish Inventory System 191
1 9.6 Description of the Süleymaniye Mosque 192
19.7 Description of the archaeological monument 193
19.8 Description of cultural heritage objects in the Hatay
Archeology Museum 195
20.1 Deposit institution 203
20.2 Level of documents regulating legal deposit 204
20.3 Minimum and maximum number of required legal
deposit copies 205
20.4 Deadline for delivering legal deposit copies 205
20.5 Financial sanctions for not meeting legal deposit deadlines 206
20.6 Types of materials included in the legal deposit 207
21.1 Archival timestamp 216
21.2 Top hashes of two Merkle trees linked to form a single chain 219
21.3 Blockchain creation 220
21.4 The TrustChain model 222
Tables
4.1 Results of assessing Italian legislation on current cloud
service contracts 37
6.1 Representative basket of 20 e-services 57
6.2 E-services maturity model showing the research
cut-off point 57
7.1 Forms of municipal collaboration for e-government in Italy 73
7.2 Case studies’ documentation and sources 75
7.3 Focus group interview participants 76
8.1 Summary characteristics of costing models used in a cloud
storage context featuring in the literature 87
8.2 Summary of case examples and scenarios presented in the
literature 89
8.3 Cloud service models, deployment models, and
characteristics 94
14.1 Number of identified ERMS issues according to the
usability evaluation checklist 146
18.1 Main measurement categories by website sections 172
18.2 Results of the ranking of the sections by month 174
18.3 Visitors from various countries by section 175
19.1 Detailed bibliographic description of the cultural resource 187
19.2 Description of a cultural object in the Anatolian
Civilization Museum 194
19.3 Geographical distribution of participant city
archives/museums 196
19.4 Descriptions and metadata elements displayed for browsing
cultural heritage objects 196
21.1 Hash values calculated by different hash algorithms 218
21.2 Pseudorandom characteristic of hash function 219
