Table Of ContentTropical Forest Conservation and Industry
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Conservation Science and Practice Series
Tropical Forest Conservation
and Industry Partnership:
An Experience from the Congo
Basin
Edited by
ConnieJ.ClarkandJohnR.Poulsen
A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication
Thiseditionfirstpublished2012©2012byWildlifeConservationSociety
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Tropicalforestconservationandindustrypartnership:anexperiencefromtheCongoBasin/
editedbyConnieJ.ClarkandJohnR.Poulsen.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-470-67373-7(cloth)
1. Rainforests–Congo(Brazzaville)–ParcnationaldeNouabale´-Ndoki–Management.
2. Bufferzones(Ecosystemmanagement)–Congo(Brazzaville)–Parcnationalde
Nouabale´-Ndoki. 3. Wildlifeconservation–Congo(Brazzaville)–Parcnationalde
Nouabale´-Ndoki. 4. Logging–Environmentalaspects–Congo(Brazzaville)–Parcnationalde
Nouabale´-Ndoki. I. Clark,ConnieJ. II. Poulsen,JohnR.
SD414.C74T762012
577.34096724–dc23
2011037508
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
Typesetin10.5/12.5ptMinionbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India
First2012
Contents
Contributors vii
Foreword xi
Preface xv
ListofAcronyms xix
1 Introduction 1
ConnieJ.ClarkandJohnR.Poulsen
2 BuildingPartnershipsforConservation 21
JohnR.PoulsenandConnieJ.Clark
3 Land-use Planning in a Co-management Context: Establishing
Access Regulations that Promote Biodiversity Conservation and
SupportLocalLivelihoods 63
Connie J. Clark, John R. Poulsen, Germain A. Mavah, Antoine
Moukassa,DominiqueNsosso,KibinoKimbembeandPaulW.Elkan
4 ReducingPressureonWildlifeandBiodiversity 86
JohnR.Poulsen,ConnieJ.Clark,PaulW.Elkan,SarahElkan,Marcel
Ngangou´e,PierreKama,Jean-ClaudeDengui,JeanIbara
andOlivierMbani
5 AssessingtheImpactofLoggingonBiodiversityinthe
CIBConcessions 128
ConnieJ.Clark,JohnR.Poulsen,RichardMalongaand
PaulW.Elkan
6 ImpactofIndustrialLoggingonHumanDemographyandPatterns
ofWildlifeHarvestandConsumption 174
JohnR.Poulsen,ConnieJ.Clark,GermainA.Mavah
andPaulW.Elkan
Contents
vi
7 ConclusionsandLessonsLearned 199
JohnR.PoulsenandConnieJ.Clark
References 217
Index 231
Contributors
Thomas Breuer, WCS Congo Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, B.P.
14537,Brazzaville,RepublicofCongo.
TerryBrncic, Long-term Ecology Laboratory, Oxford University Centre for
theEnvironment,SouthParksRoad,Oxford,OX13QY,UK.
Connie J. Clark, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University,
P.O.Box90328,Durham,NC,USA.
Jean-Claude Dengui, Direction de la Faune et des Aires Prote´ge´es, B.P. 98,
Brazzaville,RepubliqueduCongo.
Mitchell J. Eaton, NY Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, US
Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University,
B02BrucknerHall,Ithaca,NY14853,USA.
PaulW.Elkan,WCSAfricaProgram,InternationalPrograms,WildlifeCon-
servationSociety,2300SouthernBoulevard,Bronx,NY10460-1099,USA.
SarahElkan,WCSAfricaProgram,InternationalPrograms,WildlifeConser-
vationSociety,2300SouthernBoulevard,Bronx,NY10460-1099,USA.
HeatherE.Eves,56077thStreetSouth,Arlington,VA22204,USA.
David J. Harris, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row,
Edinburgh,Scotland,EH35LR,UK.
Jean Ibara, Ministry of Sustainable Development, Forest Economy and the
Environment,Brazzaville,RepublicofCongo.
PierreKama,DirectiondelaFauneetdesAiresProte´ge´es,B.P.98,Brazzaville,
RepublicofCongo.
Kibino Kimbembe, Wildlife Conservation Society, B.P. 14537, Brazzaville,
RepublicofCongo.
Richard Malonga, Wildlife Conservation Society, B.P. 14537, Brazzaville,
RepublicofCongo.
Contributors
viii
Germain A. Mavah, School of Natural Resources and Environment, 3014
Turlington Hall, P.O. Box 117315, University of Florida, Gainesville,
FL 32611-7315, USA, and WCS Congo Program, Wildlife Conservation
Society,BP14537,Brazzaville,RepublicofCongo.
Olivier Mbani, Wildlife Conservation Society, B.P. 14537 Brazzaville,
RepublicofCongo.
Miranda Mockrin, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmen-
tal Biology, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, Columbia University, New York,
NY 10027, USA, and Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest
Service,2150CentreAveBldgA,FortCollins,CO80521,USA.
JeromeMokoko-Ikonga,WCSCongoProgram,WildlifeConservationSoci-
ety,B.P.14537,Brazzaville,RepublicofCongo.
David B. Morgan, Lincoln Park Zoo, Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study
and Conservation of Apes, Department of Anthropology, Washington
University, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1114, Saint Louis, MO
63130, and WCS Congo Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, B.P.
14537,Brazzaville,RepublicofCongo.
Antoine Moukassa, Wildlife Conservation Society, BP 14537, Brazzaville,
RepublicofCongo.
Marcel Ngangoue´, Socie´te´ Likouala Timber, B.P. 14, Be´tou, Republic of
Congo.
Dominique Nsosso, Direction de la Faune et des Aires Protes, B.P. 98,
Brazzaville,RepublicofCongo.
Jean Robert Onononag, Goualougo Triangle Ape Project, Wildlife
ConservationSociety,B.P.14537,Brazzaville,RepublicofCongo.
Jean-MichelPierre,7,RuedesGeneˆts,66680Canohe`s.France.
John R. Poulsen, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University,
P.O.Box90328,Durham,NC,USA.
Scott Poynton, The Forest Trust, 4 Chemin des Brumes, 1263 Crassier,
Switzerland.
Contributors
ix
Michael Riddell, School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford
University Centre for the Environment (Dyson Perrins Bldg.), University
ofOxford,SouthParksRoad,Oxford,OX13QY,UK.
Richard G. Ruggiero, US Fish & Wildlife Service, Division of International
Conservation,4401N.FairfaxDriveRoom100,Arlington,VA22203-1622,
USA.
Crickette M. Sanz, Department of Anthropology, Washington University,
OneBrookingsDrive,CampusBox1114,SaintLouis,MO63130,andWCS
Congo Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, B.P. 14537, Brazzaville,
RepublicofCongo.
EmmaJ.Stokes,WildlifeConservationSociety,GlobalConservationProgram,
2300SouthernBoulevard,Bronx,NY10460-1099,USA.
SamanthaStrindberg,GlobalConservationProgram,WildlifeConservation
Society,2300SouthernBoulevard,Bronx,NY10460-1099.
Hannah L. Thomas, Wildlife Conservation Society Congo Program, 2300
SouthernBoulevard,Bronx,NY10460-1099.
Lucas Van der Walt, Olam International Limited, 9 Temasek Blvd.,
#25-01SuntecTowerTwo,Singapore038989.
DavidS.Wilkie,GlobalConservationProgram,WildlifeConservationSociety,
2300SouthernBoulevard,Bronx,NY10460-1099.
Foreword
Theconservationargumentforworkinginmanagedlandscapeshaslongbeen
promulgated, and is compelling. In its broadest interpretation conservation
is about maintaining the ecological systems that support life on earth, and
that requires working across large-scale landscapes. That means seeking for
conservationoutcomesacrosstherangeofdifferentlanduses:wherenatureis
protected, where natural resources are being harvested and extracted, where
agricultureis theprimaryhumanactivity and wherehumanimpacts arethe
mostintense.Thatalsomeansworkingwiththefullrangeofinstitutions,from
localgovernmenttocivilsocietyorganizationstomultinationalcorporations.
Inanarrowerinterpretation,conservationisaboutstewardingbiodiversity,
fromwildspeciestonaturalcommunities.Ifconservationistoachieveeven
thisnarrowergoal,itcannotrestrictitsaspirationtoparksandprotectedareas.
Parks and reserves in isolation are too small to protect many species, and
ecosystemsfunctionatascalemuchlargerthaneventhelargestprotectedareas.
Despite the broad consensus that conservationists need to work outside
of protected areas and in the broader landscape, few conservationists have
howeverpickedupthegauntlet.Fewerstillhaveengagedwhereithasmeant
working with extractive industries. This has been a challenge on forested
landsinparticular,andthetypicalrelationshipbetweenconservationistsand
forestrycompanieshasbeenoneofantagonism.Lessthan8%oftheworld’s
forests are in protected areas however; if large extents of forests are to be
well managed and not converted into other land uses, then conservation
organizationsneedtoworkwithcompaniesonlandsthatarebeinglogged.
ThisbookexploresthesuccessfulcollaborationbetweentheWildlifeCon-
servation Society (WCS), an international conservation organization, and
the Congolaise Industrielle des Bois (CIB), a European timber company
which has been operating timber concessions in the north of the Republic
ofCongo(Brazzaville)since1969.Thecollaborationdidnotbeginespecially
auspiciously. In the early 1990s, WCS had a management presence in the
Nouabale´ NdokiNationalPark.Surveysin1989hadidentifiedaforestblock
ofunparalleledbiologicalimportanceand,in1993,theGovernmentofCongo
hadestablishedthepark.Immediatelytothesouthandwestofthepark,CIB
