Tropical Diseases: A Practical Guide for Medical Practitioners and Students

409 Pages·2013·6.95 MB·English

by  Yann A. Meunier

Tropical Diseases
This page intentionally left blank
Tropical Diseases
A Practical Guide for Medical
Practitioners and Students
Yann A. Meunier, MD
(with contributions from Michael Hole,
Takudzwa Shumba, and B. J. Swanner)
1
1
Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship,
and education by publishing worldwide.
Oxford New York
Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi
Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi
New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto
With offi ces in
Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece
Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore
South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam
Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK
and certain other countries.
Published in the United States of America by
Oxford University Press
198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
© Oxford University Press 2014
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior
permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law,
by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization.
Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the
Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above.
You must not circulate this work in any other form
and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Meunier, Yann A., author.
Tropical diseases : a practical guide for medical practitioners and students / Yann A.
Meunier ; with contributions from Michael Hole, Takudzwa Shumba & B.J. Swanner.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
ISBN 978–0–19–999790–9 (alk. paper)
I. Hole, Michael, author. II. Shumba, Takudzwa, author.
III. Swanner, B. J., author. IV. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Tropical Medicine. 2. Travel. WC 680]
RC961
616.9′883—dc23
2013020453
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
Contents
Book Introduction xi
About the Main Author xiii
About the Contributing Authors xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Disease and Patient Introduction xix
Part One: Parasitic Diseases
(A) Adult Parasite Location 1
Blood and Lymphatic Systems 1
Filariasis (Lymphatic) 1
Leishmaniasis (Visceral, or Kala-Azar,
or Dum Dum Disease) 4
v
Malaria (Blackwater Fever) 7
Trypanosomiasis (African, or Sleeping Sickness) 15
Trypanosomiasis (American, or Chagas disease) 19
Digestive Tract 22
Amebiasis 22
Intestinal Amebiasis 22
Liver Amebiasis 24
Ameboma 25
Ancylostomiasis (or Hookworm Infection) 27
Ascariasis 30
Balantidiasis (or Balantidiosis) 32
Distomatosis (Biliary/Liver, or Biliary/Liver Fluke Infection) 32
Distomatosis (Intestinal) 37
Giardiasis (Beaver Fever) 39
Schistosomiasis (Intestinal) 40
Strongyloidiasis 46
Trichuriasis (Whipworm Infection) 49
Lungs 49
Paragonimiasis (or Lung Fluke Infection) 49
Nails and Hair 52
Candidiasis (or Moniliasis) 52
Dermatophytosis 52
s Pediculosis Capitis (or Head Lice) 53
t
n
e Pthiriasis (or Crabs) 54
t
n
o Tinea Capitis (or Head Ringworm) 54
C
Sexual Organs 55
Candidiasis (or Moniliasis) 55
Trichomoniasis 56
Skin and Integumentary System 58
Candidiasis (or Moniliasis) 58
Dermatophytosis 58
Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm Disease,
Guinea Worm Infection, or Dracontiasis) 59
Leishmaniasis (Cutaneous) 63
Leishmaniasis (Mucocutaneous) 67
Loiasis (or African Eyeworm) 70
Malasseziosis (or Pityriasis Versicolor) 73
Myiasis (or Tumba Fly) 73
Onchocerciasis (or River Blindness) 76
Pediculosis Corporis (or Body Lice) 80
vi
Scabies (or Norwegian Itch) 80
Tinea Nigra Palmis and Plantaris 82
Tungiasis 82
Urinary Tract 85
Schistosomiasis (Urinary) 85
(B) Parasitic Dead Ends and Larval Diseases 89
Angiostrongyliasis 89
Cenurosis 91
Cysticercosis 91
Gnathostomiasis 94
Hydatidosis 96
Larva Migrans (Cutaneous, or Creeping Eruption) 99
Linguatulosis 100
Porocephalosis 100
Sparganosis 101
Toxocariasis (Toxocarosis, Visceral
Larva Migrans or Roundworm Infection) 103
Trichinosis (or Trichinellosis) 104
Part Two: Deep Fungal Diseases
Basidiobolomycosis 107
Blastomycosis (North American or
Gilchrist Disease or Chicago Disease) 109
Blastomycosis (South American s
t
n
or Lutz-Splendore-Almeida Disease) 110 e
t
n
Chromomycosis 113 o
C
Coccidioidomycosis (or Posadas-Wernicke,
or Posadas-Rixford Disease) 115
Conidiobolomycosis 118
Histoplasmosis (African) 120
Histoplasmosis (American or Darling Disease) 123
Lobomycosis (or Jorge Lobo Disease) 127
Mycetoma (or Madura Foot) 129
Pythiosis 132
Rhinosporidiosis 134
Scytalidiosis 136
Part Three: Bacterial, Chlamydial,
and Prion Diseases
Bacterial Diseases 139
Anthrax 139
Bartonellosis (or Carrion Disease) 141 vii
Bejel (or Endemic Syphilis) 143
Buruli Ulcers (or Bairnsdale, Daintree, Mossman,
or Searls Ulcer, or Mycoburuli Ulcers) 144
Chancroid (or Soft Chancre or Ulcus Molle) 146
Cholera 146
Diphtheria 152
Gonorrhea (or Clap) 153
Granuloma Inguinale (or Donovan Disease) 155
Leprosy (or Hansen Disease) 159
Leptospirosis (or Weil Disease or Nanukayami Fever) 162
Melioidosis (or Whitmore Disease) 163
Meningococcal Meningitis 167
Pertussis (or Whooping Cough) 170
Pinta (or Carate) 171
Plague (or Black Death) 174
Pneumococcal Disease 177
Salmonellosis (Typhoid Fever or Enteric Fever
and Paratyphoid Fever) 182
Salmonellosis (Salmonella gastroenteritis) 187
Shigellosis 188
Syphilis (or Hard Chancre) 190
Tuberculosis 192
Yaws (Pian, Parangi, Paru, or Frambesia Tropica) 195
s Chlamydial Diseases 196
t
n
e Lymphogranuloma Venereum
t
n
o (or Nicholas-Favre-Durand Disease) 196
C
Trachoma (or Granular Conjunctivitis
or Egyptian Ophthalmia) 199
Urethritis and Cervicitis 201
Prion Disease 202
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease 202
Part Four: Viral Diseases
Common Diseases 205
Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever) 205
Hepatitis 209
Herpes Simplex (or Cold or Fever Sore) 215
HIV/Aids 216
Infl uenza (or Flu) 225
Measles 227
Poliomyelitis (or Polio) 229
viii Yellow Fever (or Black Vomit) 232
Rare Diseases 235
Arboviral Diseases 235
Arenaviral Diseases 237
Bunyaviral Diseases 239
Coronaviral Disease 242
Filoviral Diseases 243
Flaviviral Diseases 245
Paramyxoviral Diseases 246
Reoviral Diseases 247
Rhabdoviral Diseases 249
Togaviral Diseases 250
Part Five: Tropical Health Hazards
Animal-Induced Diseases 253
Bees and Hymenoptera 253
Butterfl ies 254
Cats 256
Centipedes 260
Dogs 260
Fish 265
Fleas 266
Jellyfi sh, Sea Anemones, and Physaliae 269
Leeches 269 s
t
n
Lice 270 e
t
n
Mollusks 274 o
C
Muraenae (or Moray Eels) 274
Rats 275
Scorpions 276
Snakes 277
Spiders 278
Ticks 279
Trombiculidae 282
Exotic Food Poisoning 284
Ciguatera 284
Ichthyosarcotoxisms (Other) 287
Fish Poisoning 287
Mushroom Poisoning 288
Heat-Related Illnesses 290
Heat Asthenia (or Tropical Anhidrotic Asthenia) 290
Heat Exhaustion 290
x
Heat Stroke 291 i
Miliaria (or Prickly Heat) 292
Travelers and Tropical Diseases 292
Precautions to Take Before, During and after Traveling 294
Traveler’s Diarrhea (or Turista) 297
Antibiotic Resistance 299
Addendum 303
Differential Diagnosis 303
International Generic and Brand Names of Drugs 306
Contraindications for Drugs 314
List of FDA-Approved Vaccines 333
List of Vaccines Available in France 336
Link to Major International Health-Care Organizations 338
Map and Table Index 339
Patient Cases Index 341
Disease Index 343
Symptom Index 347
Meaning of Abbreviations 367
References 369
Index 379