Tricks of the Mac Game Programming Gurus

886 Pages·1995·169.216 MB·English

by  Jamie McCornack, Ingemar Ragnemalm

Fellow Game Programmers\
P<ogr.unm;ng top-quality game' i' "'°more fun than playing lltem-Every time a -
grune prog<.mm« gcl'' paycheck, <oy"1ty p,ymen<. o< re&i'uation fee, a g<in c<nne'
,1ong wilh iL "Can you believe it, l get to do thi' nW """· pU'h what'' po"ible on lhe
M", exe<eit;<• my bnlln, and ).ugh while I'm doing it - and they give me money, too!"
lf you ate on< of the'e people, OL you want to be, thi' book i' fo< you. ThIB IB a "h"'d'
on" book - not too much theo<Y ,.d a whole lot of pmcti<>C-You< guide' h.ve ,peot
lhe" time in me uenche,, and they know the diffe<ence between truking •bout prog<""'
ming ond ,ol\ing up thei< ,ieeve' and doing it. Grune p<og"mnUng i' oomplex, and wilh
G•"
me Macin""h like the oiliet p"'tfotm') , garo<' "e where me cutting-edge of me
prog"mming art i' honed. Grune''"' where the Mac ,hnW' its "uff-how quickly it
"n mainpulate d.ta. how ,mooilily it oan P'"""t moving Un•g<'. how deatlY it can
tep<oduce ,ouni\, and mufilc, how compaclly it can ,tore complex iofonnatioo. lf you
oan m""' Macinto'h grune p<Og"-nuning, "mund"'e" pro"""'°"ing will be a piece of
c"1<e-The technique' u'"'1 in gume' tod,Y will be u.,d in multimedia next ye><. and will
be found in business presentations the year after that.
Out ,uilio<' have encl> .,lected a ,peciol topic to oove< in depili You won't trreeze
through thi• book - it'• too jam-packed full of ioloon•tion - but you will find me
infmmation ea'Y to integ<ate into yom own p<ojocts. The CD-ROM i' full ofU'eful
code-mud> of it wriuen e,pecially fo< thi' book, and .,me of it taken direct ftom popu
l" gum<' ftom top pubU,he"-But don't wo<<Y. we got lhe prog<anun«'' penni"ion to
use the code - we got the programmers to write the book!
Ple"" ""d you< oonunents on iliIB boOk. ,.d you< ,uggeati-OR' lo< ou< next book on
Mac grune developmen4 di,-ectly to me, o< to <he publi,het. We k•OW you'll find thi'
book ""'fol and infonnative, and we hope you have Ion wiili it, too-We hope you hav
as much fun using this book as we did writing it!
Sincerely,
:5~)/_c-t
Jamie McCornack
Project Editor
MacGameDev on America Online
[email protected]
Read this book and no longer will you wonder wliat it11J
Mac game. You'll know how to make graphics and so
the Mac Game Programming Gurus tells you what to
and why to do it, and a whole lot more, besides gi ·
the game gurus use. Plus, you get the tools (don't fotg
the book!) you need to get the job done.
But don't take my word for it Read the book and tell
Mac Game Programming Gurus lives in the Don cf8
delivers the inside goods on game programming
games. Let it be your companion for finding and*
in your gray matter.
See you on the ether,
@il
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by Mccornack, Ragnemalm, Celestin, et al.
Tricks of the Mac® Game Programming Gurus
©1995 Hayden Books, a division of Macmillan Computer Publishing
All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book
may be used or reproduced in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or
retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher except in the case
of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Making copies of any
part of this book for any purpose other than your own personal use is a violation of
United States copyright laws. For information, address Hayden Books, 201W.103rd
Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46290.
Library of Congress Catalog Number: 95-60416
ISBN: 1-56830-183-9
This book is sold as is, without warranty of any kind, either express or implied.
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher
and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability
assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information or instructions
contained herein. It is further stated that the publisher and author are not respon
sible for any damage or loss to your data or your equipment that results directly or
indirectly from your use of this book.
97 96 95 4 3 2
Interpretation of the printing code: The rightmost double-digit number is the year of
the book's printing; the rightmost single-digit number is the number of the book's
printing. For example, a printing code of 95-1 shows that the first printing of the
book occurred in 1995.
Trademark Acknowledgments: All products mentioned in this book are either
trademarks of the companies referenced in this book, registered trademarks of the
companies referenced in this book, or neither. We strongly advise that you investi
gate a particular product's name thoroughly before you use the name as your own.
Apple, Mac, and Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.
The Hayden Books Team
Publisher Publishing Coordinator
David Rogelberg Rosemary Lewis
Product Development Manager Interior Designer
Patrick Gibbons Fred Bower
Acquisitions Editor Cover Designer
Stacy Kaplan Jay Corpus
Development Editor Production
Brad Miser Angela Calvert, Dan Caparo, Kim Cofer,
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Copy /Production Editor MacDonald, Joe Millay, Erika Millen,
Beth Rago, Regina Rexrode, Erich J.
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· Richter, Christine Tyner, Karen Walsh,
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Technical Reviewers
· MarkAdams Indexer
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Bront Davis
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Brian Greenstone
Jake Hoelter
Interviewer
Tom Thompson
To Our Readers
Hayden Books
201West103rd Street
Dear Friend,
Indianapolis, IN 46290
Thank you on behalf of everyone at [phone] voice
Hayden Books for choosing Tricks of the [phone] fax
Mac Game Programming Gurus to enable
you to explore game programming on
the Macintosh. For many reasons, the Email addresses:
Mac is the best platform for games, and
America Online: Hayden Bks
fortunately games on the Mac are
Apple Link: hayden.books
exploding in both quality and popular
CompuServe: 76350,3014
ity. This book will help you make your
Internet: [email protected]
own contribution to this growth.
We'd love to see any games that this
book helps you with. Please write and
let us know. What you think of this
book is important to our ability to
better serve you in the future. If you
have any comments, no matter how
great or small, we'd appreciate you
taking the time to send us email or a
note by snail mail. Of course, we'd love
to hear your book ideas.
Sincerely yours,
- J/_:.t
You can reach Hayden Books at the
following:
Contents at a Glance
0 A Game Programming Primer ........................................................... 1
1 Your First Game ............................................................................... 41
2 Basic Game Graphics ....................................................................... 87
3 Advanced Graphics ........................................................................ 121
4 File Management ........................................................................... 209
5 User Interaction .............................................................................. 265
6 Audio .............................................................................................. 327
7 Game Mechanics: Environments and Entities ............................... 389
8 Game Mechanics: Behavior ........................................................... 433
9 QuickDraw 3D ............................................................................... 491
10 Networking .................................................................................... 547
11 Porting ............................................................................................ 627
12 Game Aesthetics ............................................................................. 709
13 Optimizing Game Code for PowerPC ............................................ 731
14 Glypha III: A Case Study ............................................................... 749
A Top Speed-or Not? ...................................................................... 797
B Macintosh Environments ............................................................... 811
Index .............................................................................................. 843
Table of Contents
0 A Grune Programming Primer ........................................................... 1
Animation Basics ........................................................................ 2
What's Animation? ............................................................... 2
How Quick Is Quick Enough? ............................................. 2
How Smooth Is Smooth Enough? ........................................ 4
How Fast Is Too Fast? .......................................................... 5
The Hello World Code .............................................. ·. .................. 6
HelloWorldl: Bare Bones .................................................... 6
HelloWorld2: Color and Complexity ................................. 16
HelloWorld3: Clams in Formation ..................................... 23
HelloW orld4: Clruns in Collision ....................................... 25
HelloWorld5: Clruns in Multibit ........................................ 26
HelloWorld6: 8 Bits Preferred ........................................... 28
HelloWorld6. l: No Brakes ................................................. 30
Some Sound Advice .................................................................. 30
Sound Markers ................................................................... 31
Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Sound .............................. 32
MGWSound.c .................................................................... 32
What Do I Do Next? ................................................................. 39
1 Your First Game ............................................................................... 41
Dungeon I ................................................................................. 41
Graphics ............................................................................. 42
Sounds ................................................................................ 43
Moving Around and Fighting ............................................. 44
Random Numbers .............................................................. 45
Let's See Some Source Code! ................................................... 45
Building Dungeon .............................................................. 46
Understanding Dungeon .................................................... 46
Declarations, Constants, and Variables .............................. 46
Subroutines ........................................................................ 49
The Main Progrrun ............................................................. 58
But How about My Own First Game? ...................................... 59
Problem 1: A Good Idea .................................................... 60
Can You Do It? ................................................................... 61
Can the Computer Do It? ................................................... 61
Can Your Players Do It? ..................................................... 64
All Those Games ....................................................................... 65
2-D Space Games ............................................................... 65
Platform Games ................................................................. 66
Side-Scrollers ..................................................................... 67
Board Games and Puzzle Games ....................................... 69
Card Games ........................................................................ 70
First-Person 3-D Action Games ......................................... 71
Adventure Games ............................................................... 72
Dungeon-Digging Games .................................................. 74
Abstract Action Games ...................................................... 75
Simulation Games .............................................................. 77
Strategy Games .................................................................. 77
Programmer's Games ......................................................... 79
Dungeon 1 Plus ......................................................................... 80
Map Generation ................................................................. 80
Source Code Additions ...................................................... 80
Leaving the Game .............................................................. 85
2 Basic Game Graphics ....................................................................... 87
Color Theory ............................................................................. 87
How to Dress Better ........................................................... 88
Comparing RGB and RYB ................................................. 89
The Color Wheel ................................................................ 90
Using Color Wisely ............................................................ 91
HSV and the Color Picker .................................................. 92
Indexed and Direct Graphics Hardware .................................... 96
Direct Devices .................................................................... 96
Fixed Devices ..................................................................... 96
Indexed Devices and Color Tables ..................................... 96
Palettes and the Palette Manager ............................................... 99
Using Palettes ................................................................... 102
Drawing with Palettes ...................................................... 105
Palette Animation ............................................................. 106
Of GWorlds and GDevices ...................................................... 108
A Graphic Buffer, Pixmap, and CopyBi ts () Primer ....... 108
Why Use an Off-Screen? ................................................. 109
GWorlds ........................................................................... 110
GDevices .......................................................................... 113
Game Graphics Programming ................................................. 116
Multiple Monitor Tactics ................................................. 116
Fading Strategies .............................................................. 117
Hiding the Menu Bar Suavely .......................................... 118
Your Friend, CopyBits() ................................................. 118