Table Of ContentPROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
109(3), 2007, pp. 718-720
Note
Trichogramma Species (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Egg Parasitoids of
Lepidoptera in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey
Trichogramma can parasitize a wide DeBach 1979). Prepared samples were
range of insects but mostly attack identified by a specialist.
Lepidoptera, including a large number Six species of Trichogranjma were
of important agricultural pests. Howev- determined: Triclwgramma embryopha-
er, worldwide commercial use of Tricho- gum Hartig, Trichogramma cacoeciae
gramma is still limited to a small number Marchal, Trichogramma pintoi Voegele,
of species. For effective commercial use, Trichogramma evcmescens Westwood (=
it is essential to select suitable species to Trichogramma turkestanica Meyer), Tri-
control the target insect pests. Success or chogramma brassicae (Bezdenko), and
failure in the use of egg parasites in Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura
biological control depends on the choice (Table 1). The hosts of Trichogramma
of species. Toward this goal, the species were determined as Trichophisia ni (Hiib-
of Trichogramma not previously known ner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on lettuce,
and observed in Lepidoptera eggs, except Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esper) (Lepidop-
those on corn, in the eastern Mediterra- tera: Noctuidae) on black nightshade,
nean region of Turkey were determined. HeUcoverpa armigera (Hiibner) (Lepi-
Surveys were carried out in cultivated doptera: Noctuidae) on cotton, tomato
areas [cotton (June-September), corn and cabbage, Ostrinia nubikdis (Hiibner)
(April-October), citrus (April-June), (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on corn, Cy-
wine (April-August), apple and the other dia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortri-
fruits (May-September), vegetables and cidae) on apple, Cydia molesta (Busck)
weeds (throughout the year)] and non- (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on peach,
cultivated areas in Adana (35.16'E, Archips roscmiis (Linnaeus) (Lepidop-
37.00°N), Mersin (34.36°E, 36.51°N), tera: Tortricidae) on cherry, Thaumeto-
and Hatay (36.10"E, 36.14°N) provinces, poeapityoccmrpa (Denis and Schiffermiil-
in the eastern Mediterranean region of ler) (Lepidoptera: Thaumatopoeidae) on
Turkey, during 2000 2001. Eggs of pine, and Idaea bractilineata (Zeller)
Lepidoptera on these crops were collect- (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) on castor
ed and placed in refrigerated plastic oil (Table 1). Parallel results also were
boxes to bring to the laboratory. Collec- obtained from Spain (Cabello-Garcia
tions were labeled with date, place and and Vargas-Piqueras 1985), Russia (Liv-
name of host plant. Each sample was shits and Mitrofanov 1986), Germany
prepared and cultured at 25±1°C, (Hassan 1989), Bulgaria (Tsankov et al.
65±10% RH, and 16:8 L:D. Samples 1996; Karadjov 1996), Portugal (Silva et
were controlled daily until adult emer- al. 1999), and Holland (Rijswijk et al.
gence. Some ofthe Trichogramma adults 2000).
were kept in 70% alcohol and the others Based on the 2000 and 2001 records,
kept dry. The dry samples were kept in 7 six Trichogramma species were found on
drops of glacial acetic acid and 5 drops 1 1 host plants and nine various Lepi-
oflactophenol or chloral-phenol in small doptera pests, and, except for corn, these
petri dishes for 13 d, then specimens species are new records in the Mediter-
were mounted in hoyers (Rosen and ranean region of Turkey. Trichogramma
VOLUME NUMBER
109, 3 719
Table 1. Trichogramma species and host records in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey
in 2000-2001.
Place
720 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
My thanks to Dr. Bernard Pintureau Karadjov, S. 1996. Data on the known species of
(INSA/INRA de Lyon Lab. Biologic Trichogramma and other egg parasitoids that
Applique'-Bat. 406 20, Avenue Albert occur regularly (native and imported in the
field). Trichogramma News 9: 10.
Einstein 69621-Villeur banne Cedex-
Livshits. I. Z. and V. I. Mitrofanov. 1986.
France), Dr. Americo loria Ciociola Hymenopterous egg parasitoids of fruit tree
(ESALQ/USP Entomologia AV. Padua pests. Zashchita Rastenii Moskva 9: 46^7.
Dias, 11 Caixa, Postal, 9 Piracicaba-SP, Rijswijk, M. van, R. van der Heijden, Y. Jongema,
Brazil), and Dr. Viktor Fursov (Institute R. Stouthamer, M. J. Sommeijer, and F.
Meeuwsen. 2000. Occurrence and molecular
of Zoology, National Ukranian Acade-
identification of the Dutch Trichogrcmima
my of Sciences, Bogdan Khmernitsky species. Proceedings of the 11th Meeting of
Street 15, 01601, Kiev-30, Ukraine) for Experimental and Applied Entomologists in
identification the Trichogranmia species; the Netherlands, Wageningen, Netherlands, 17
Dr. M.A. Badr (Agriculture Research December 1999. Proceedings of the Section
Experimental and Applied Entomology ofthe
Center, Plant Protection Research In-
Netherlands Entomological-Society 2000 11:
stitute, 7 Nadi El-Seid Street-Dokki- 67-71.
Egypt) for the microlepidoptera; and Rosen. D. and P. Debach. 1979. Species ofAphytis
Prof. Dr. Serpil Kornosor (University ofthe World. Keter Publishing House, Jerusa-
of Cukurova, Faculty of Agriculture, lem Ltd. 801 pp.
Department of Plant Protection, 01330, Silva, I. M. M. S., J. Honda, F. van Kan, J. G. Hu,
L. Neto, B. Pintureau, and R. Stouthamer.
Balcali/Adana) for the Lepidoptera
1999. Molecular differentiation offive Tricho-
hosts. gramma species occurring in Portugal. Biolog-
ical Control 16(2): 177-184.
Literature Cited Tsankov, G., G. H. Schmidt, and P. Mirchev. 1996.
Structure and parasitism of egg batches of
Cabello-Garcia, T. and P. Vargas-Piqueras. 1985.
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Olfactometer studies of the influence of the from Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. &
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Hassan, S. A. 1989. Selection of suitable Tricho- species associated with some lepidopterous
gramma strains to control the Codling Moth pests in Turkey. Trichogramma News 9: 16.
Cydia pomonella and the two summer fruit
Sevcan Oztemiz, Plant Protection
tortrix moths Adoxophyes orana, Pandemis
heperana (Lep.: Tortricidae). Entomophaga Research Institute, 01321 Adana, Turkey
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