Trees on the Farm

208 Pages·2002·1.03 MB·English

by  S Franzel

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TREES ON THE FARM
Assessing the Adoption Potential of
Agroforestry Practices in Africa
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TREES ON THE FARM
Assessing the Adoption Potential of
Agroforestry Practices in Africa
Edited by
S. FRANZEL
International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF),
Nairobi, Kenya
S.J. SCHERR
Agricultural and Resource Economics Department, University
of Maryland, College Park, USA
CABI Publishing
in association with the
International Centre for Research in Agroforestry
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CABI Publishingis a division of CAB International
CABI Publishing CABI Publishing
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Wallingford Suite 3203
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© CAB International 2002. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners.
Published in association with ICRAF, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Trees on the farm : assessing the adoption potential of agroforestry practices in Africa /
edited by S. Franzel and S.J. Scherr.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. ).
ISBN 0-85199-561-6 (alk. paper)
1. Agroforestry systems--Africa. 2. Agroforestry--Technology transfer--Africa. I.
Franzel, Steven Charles. II. Scherr, Sara J.
S494.5.A45 T74 2002
634.9(cid:2)9(cid:2)096--dc21
2001043834
ISBN 0 85199 561 6
Typeset in Adobe Garamond by Columns Design Ltd, Reading
Printed and bound in the UKby Biddles Ltd, Guildford and King’s Lynn
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Contents
Contributors vii
Foreword ix
P.A. Sanchez
Acknowledgements x
1. Introduction 1
S. Franzel and S.J. Scherr
2. Methods for Assessing Agroforestry Adoption Potential 11
S. Franzel, S.J. Scherr, R. Coe, P.J.M. Cooper and F. Place
3. Assessing the Adoption Potential of Improved Fallows in
Eastern Zambia 37
S. Franzel, D. Phiri and F. Kwesiga
4. The Adoption Potential of Short Rotation Improved Tree Fallows:
Evidence from Western Kenya 65
R.A. Swinkels, S. Franzel, K.D. Shepherd, E. Ohlsson and J.K. Ndufa
5. Assessing the Adoption Potential of Hedgerow Intercropping for
Improving Soil Fertility, Western Kenya 89
R.A. Swinkels, K.D. Shepherd, S. Franzel, J.K. Ndufa, E. Ohlsson
and H. Sjogren
6. Farmer-designed Agroforestry Trials: Farmers’ Experiences in Western
Kenya 111
S. Franzel, J.K. Ndufa, O.C. Obonyo, T.E. Bekele and R. Coe
7. Calliandra calothyrsus: Assessing the Early Stages of Adoption of a
Fodder Shrub in the Highlands of Central Kenya 125
S. Franzel, H.K. Arimi and F.M. Murithi
8. Promoting New Agroforestry Technologies: Policy Lessons from
On-farm Research 145
S.J. Scherr and S. Franzel
v
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vi Contents
9. Assessing Adoption Potential: Lessons Learned and Future Directions 169
S. Franzel and S.J. Scherr
Glossary 185
Index 189
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Contributors
H.K. Arimi, National Agricultural Research Centre, Muguga, PO Box 30148,
Nairobi, Kenya
T.E. Bekele, Institute of Biodiversity, Conservation and Research, PO Box 2003,
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
R. Coe, International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF), PO Box
30677, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
P.J.M. Cooper, International Development Research Centre, PO Box 8500,
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1G 3H9
S. Franzel, International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF), PO Box
30677, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
F. Kwesiga, SADC-ICRAF Regional Agroforestry Programme, PO Box MP 128,
Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
F.M. Murithi, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, PO Box 58137, Nairobi, Kenya
J.K. Ndufa, Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI), Maseno Agroforestry
Research Centre, PO Box 25199, Kisumu, Kenya
C.O. Obonyo, Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI), Maseno Agroforestry
Research Centre, PO Box 25199, Kisumu, Kenya
E. Ohlsson, Sida/SAREC, SE-105 25 Stockholm, Sweden
D. Phiri, World Vision Integrated Agroforestry Project, PO Box 510948, Nairobi,
Kenya
F. Place, International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF), PO Box
30677, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
S.J. Scherr, Agricultural and Resource Economics Department, University of
Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
vii
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viii Contributors
K.D. Shepherd, International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF), PO
Box 30677, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
H. Sjogren, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
R.A. Swinkels, The World Bank, 8th Floor, 63 Ly Thai To Street, Hanoi 20, Vietnam
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Foreword
This is a book that pushes forwards the emerging science of agroforestry. There are
several syntheses on the biophysical aspects of agroforestry but little is available on
the socioeconomics of agroforestry and its adoption by farmers, following rigorous
scientific methods. This book fills such a gap by assessing the adoption potential of
selected agroforestry practices, describing the appropriate methodologies and draw-
ing lessons for improving the effectiveness of the research–development continuum.
Five case studies are described and analysed in this book. Four of them are success-
ful and one – hedgerow intercropping – was promoted before a rigorous biophysical
assessment was made.
This book demonstrates how farmers in selected areas have tested and adapted
these practices, incorporated them into their farming systems and improved their
welfare and incomes. It also provides examples of scaling up within the areas where
testing took place: farmer-to-farmer dissemination, partnerships among researchers,
extension services, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to promote scal-
ing up.
The key finding was that agroforestry reduces the risks that farmers face from
input markets by investing small amounts of land and labour, rather than spending
cash on expensive inputs, for improving soil fertility, feeding their livestock, or pro-
viding wood for fuel and construction.
There were also important methodological lessons, that add further value to
this book. The authors should be congratulated for advancing the science of agro-
forestry.
Pedro A. Sanchez
Director General of ICRAF
Nairobi, Kenya
ix