Trauma and Public Memory

244 Pages·2015·1.281 MB·English

by  Jane Goodall, Christopher Lee

PalgraveMacmillanMemoryStudies
SeriesEditors:AndrewHoskinsandJohnSutton
International Advisory Board: Steven Brown, University of Leicester, UK, Mary Carruthers,
NewYorkUniversity,USA,PaulConnerton,UniversityofCambridge,UK,AstridErll,University
ofWuppertal,Germany,RobynFivush,EmoryUniversity,USA,TilmannHabermas,University
ofFrankfurtamMain,Germany,JeffreyOlick,UniversityofVirginia,USA,SusannahRadstone,
UniversityofEastLondon,UK,AnnRigney,UtrechtUniversity,Netherlands
Thenascentfieldofmemorystudiesemergesfromcontemporarytrendsthatincludeashiftfrom
concernwithhistoricalknowledgeofeventstothatofmemory,from‘whatweknow’to‘howwe
rememberit’;changesingenerationalmemory;therapidadvanceoftechnologiesofmemory;panic
overdecliningpowersofmemory,whichmirrorsourfascinationwiththepossibilitiesofmemory
enhancement;andthedevelopmentoftraumanarrativesinreshapingthepast.
Thesefactorshavecontributedtoanintensificationofpublicdiscoursesonourpastoverthelast
30years.Technological,political,interpersonal,socialandculturalshiftsaffectwhat,howandwhy
peopleandsocietiesrememberandforget.Thisgroundbreakingseriestacklesquestionssuchas:
Whatis‘memory’undertheseconditions?Whatareitsprospects,andalsotheprospectsforits
interdisciplinaryandsystematicstudy?Whataretheconceptual,theoreticalandmethodological
toolsforitsinvestigationandillumination?
Titlesinclude:
MatthewAllen
THELABOUROFMEMORY
MemorialCultureand7/7
SilkeArnold-deSimine
MEDIATINGMEMORYINTHEMUSEUM
Empathy,Trauma,Nostalgia
RebeccaBramall
THECULTURALPOLITICSOFAUSTERITY
PastandPresentinAustereTimes
IritDekel
MEDIATIONATTHEHOLOCAUSTMEMORIALINBERLIN
AnneFuchs
AFTERTHEDRESDENBOMBING
PathwaysofMemory1945tothePresent
IrialGlynnandJ.OlafKleist(editors)
HISTORY,MEMORYANDMIGRATION
PerceptionsofthePastandthePoliticsofIncorporation
JaneGoodallandChristopherLee(editors)
TRAUMAANDPUBLICMEMORY
AndreaHajek
NEGOTIATINGMEMORIESOFPROTESTINWESTERNEUROPE
TheCaseofItaly
AmyHoldsworth
TELEVISION,MEMORYANDNOSTALGIA
JasonJames
PRESERVATIONANDNATIONALBELONGINGINEASTERNGERMANY
HeritageFetishismandRedeemingGermanness
SaraJones
THEMEDIAOFTESTIMONY
RememberingtheEastGermanStasiintheBerlinRepublic
EmilyKeightleyandMichaelPickering
THEMNEMONICIMAGINATION
RememberingasCreativePractice
AmandaLagerkvist
MEDIAANDMEMORYINNEWSHANGHAI
WesternPerformancesofFuturesPast
PhilipLeeandPradipNinanThomas(editors)
PUBLICMEMORY,PUBLICMEDIAANDTHEPOLITICSOFJUSTICE
EricaLehrer,CynthiaE.MiltonandMonicaEileenPatterson(editors)
CURATINGDIFFICULTKNOWLEDGE
ViolentPastsinPublicPlaces
OrenMeyers,EyalZandbergandMottiNeiger
COMMUNICATINGAWE
Media,MemoryandHolocaustCommemoration
AnneMarieMonchamp
AUTOBIOGRAPHICALMEMORYINANABORIGINALAUSTRALIANCOMMUNITY
Culture,PlaceandNarrative
KatharinaNiemeyer(editor)
MEDIAANDNOSTALGIA
YearningforthePast,PresentandFuture
MargaritaSaona
MEMORYMATTERSINTRANSITIONALPERU
AnnaSaundersandDebbiePinfold(editors)
REMEMBERINGANDRETHINKINGTHEGDR
MultiplePerspectivesandPluralAuthenticities
V.Seidler
REMEMBERINGDIANA
CulturalMemoryandtheReinventionofAuthority
BryoniTrezise
PERFORMINGFEELINGINCULTURESOFMEMORY
EvelynB.TribbleandNicholasKeene
COGNITIVEECOLOGIESANDTHEHISTORYOFREMEMBERING
Religion,EducationandMemoryinEarlyModernEngland
BarbieZelizerandKerenTenenboim-Weinblatt(editors)
JOURNALISMANDMEMORY
PalgraveMacmillanMemoryStudies
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Trauma and Public
Memory
Editedby
Jane Goodall
UniversityofWesternSydney,Australia
Christopher Lee
GriffithUniversity,Australia
Introduction,selectionandeditorialmatter©JaneGoodalland
ChristopherLee2015
Individualchapters©Respectiveauthors2015
Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis
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Traumaandpublicmemory/[editedby]JaneGoodall,UniversityofWestern
Sydney,Australia,ChristopherLee,GriffithUniversity,Australia.
pages cm
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978–1–137–40679–8
1. Disasters—Casestudies. 2. Traumaticshock—Casestudies.
3. Post–traumaticstressdisorder—Casestudies. 4. War—Casestudies.
5. Collectivememory—Casestudies. I. Goodall,Jane.
II. Lee,Christopher.
HV553.T7342015
363.34(cid:2)4—dc23 2014028330
Contents
ListofFigures vii
Acknowledgements viii
NotesonContributors ix
Introduction 1
JaneGoodallandChristopherLee
Part I Overviews
1 ‘ButWhyShouldYouPeopleatHomeNotKnow?’:
SacrificeasaSocialFactinthePublicMemoryofWar 21
ChristopherLee
2 Trauma,DispossessionandNarrativeTruth:‘Seedsofthe
Nation’ofSouthSudan 37
WendyRichards
3 TraumaandtheStoicFoundationsofSympathy 52
JaneGoodall
4 Unremembered:Memorial,Sentimentality,Dislocation 70
LaurieJohnson
Part II Interviews
5 InterviewwithRossAnderson,ClinicalPsychologist 87
6 InterviewwithThereseLee,SpecialistinEmergencyand
RetrievalNursing 94
7 InterviewwithNormanFry,DisasterCo-ordinatorforthe
ToowoombaRegionalCouncilattheTimeofthe2011
Floods 103
8 InterviewwithCouncillorTanyaMilligan,Chairof
HumanandSocialResponseCommitteeFollowingthe
LockyerValleyFloodsinSouthEastQueensland,andSue
Hewitt,SeniorRecoveryOfficer 109
v
vi Contents
9 InterviewwithMarkWillacy,ForeignCorrespondentwith
theAustralianBroadcastingCorporation 115
Part III Reflections
10 UnburiedTraumaandtheExhumationofHistory:
AnAmericanGenealogy 131
LindsayTuggle
11 TheAtrocityTour 147
LindsayBarrett
12 RegainingLostHumanity:DealingwithTraumainExile 163
RobertMasonandGeoffreyParkes
13 PopularEntertainmentsasSurvivalStrategiesin
Prisoner-of-WarCampsDuringWorldWarII 174
VictorEmeljanow
14 ASoldier’sPerspectiveonServinginIraqandAfghanistan 193
RichardGehrmann
Conclusion 207
WorksCited 211
Index 225
Figures
1.1 OfficialAustralianphotographofthePozieresbattlefield
ninemonthsafterthebattle 23
1.2 AustralianmemorialontheruinsoftheWindmillat
Pozieres.©2012ChrisLee 32
3.1 MarcusBleasdalerescuingtheworkofSamuelFosso
fromlootersinBangui,CentralAfricanRepublic.©2014
PeterBouckaert/HumanRightsWatch 53
4.1 AustralianWarMemorial,Canberra.©2014Judith
Crispin 78
6.1 BandaAcehfourweeksafterthe2004tsunami.The
landscapeisflattenedwithmoundsofdebrisandsome
housesarestillstanding.Awebsearchforimagesofthis
devastationsummonsappallingimagesofdeathand
destructionatthetouchofabutton.©2004ThereseLee 97
6.2 ‘Somanypersonalitemsarelyingontheground,
everywhereyougoyoufindpiecesofpeople’slives.’
©2004ThereseLee 98
7.1 Damagedbikesafter‘theinlandtsunami’inGrantham,
SouthEastQueensland.Photograph©2011Jane
Goodall 105
8.1 Damagecausedbythe‘inlandtsunami’inGrantham,
SouthEastQueensland.Photograph©2011Jane
Goodall 111
10.1 9/11Memorial.Photograph©2013ChrisLee 133
10.2 OriginalgatestoCharityHospitalCemetery,New
OrleansKatrinaMemorial.Photograph©LindsayTuggle 137
vii
Acknowledgements
Manyofthosewhohavecontributedtothisbook,theeditorsincluded,
havebeenworkingindifficultandunforeseencircumstances.Onaper-
sonal level, our thanks are due to family and friends whose ongoing
supporthasbeenvital.Someofthemhavealsoprovidedverysignificant
unpaidprofessionalassistancetothisprojectandwearegrateful.
Jonathan Goodall read drafts and gave insightful suggestions about
theme and focus for the volume as a whole. Peter Goodall con-
tributedexperteditorialworkonreferencesandstyle.MadeleineLeeand
Gabrielle Rowen Clarke compiled the preliminary bibliography. Lesley
Astbury and Shirley Clifford provided administrative assistance. A spe-
cialvoteofappreciationisduetotheprofessionalpeoplewhogavetheir
timewhenthattimewasundersomepressure:RossAnderson,Norman
Fry,SueHewitt,ThereseLee,TanyaMilliganandMarkWillacy.
This book developed from a series of collegial seminars and a sym-
posium with the Public Memory Research Centre at the University of
SouthernQueensland.Wewouldliketoexpressourappreciationofthe
generous intellectual engagement and the areas of specialist scholar-
shipbroughttothoseseminarsbyMarcusHarmes,CatherineDewhirst,
Barbara Harmes, David Akenson and Malcolm Brown. Sylvia Lawson
and Joy Damousi provided valuable dialogue as visiting contributors.
One of our originally contracted essayists, Katrina Schlunke, lost her
houseinabushfireinJanuary2014.Althoughshewasunabletofollow
throughwithacontributionhere,thespiritandwisdomofherresponse
tothistraumaticsituationhasbeenaninspirationtous.
We would also like to acknowledge Professor Graeme Baker and Pro-
fessorPeterGoodallfromtheUniversityofSouthernQueensland.Also
theSchoolofHumanities,GriffithCenterforCulturalResearchandPro
ViceChancellorPaulMazerolefromtheArts,EducationandLawGroup
atGriffithUniversityforprovidingfinancialassistanceandin-kindsup-
port. Work like this is not possible without the ongoing support of
engagedandenlightenedexecutivestaff.
viii
Contributors
Ross Anderson is a consulting psychologist who has significant expe-
rience working with individuals, families and work groups following
traumatic events. He has attended at major road accidents and armed
robberies,andprovidedpsychologicalsupporttovictimsandwitnesses
followingtheQueenStreet,HoddleStreetandPortArthurmassacres.He
is a former director of the National Trauma Clinic in Australia and has
providedpsychologicalsupporttoarmedandemergencyservices.
Lindsay Barrett is a visiting fellow with the Cultural Studies Group
at the University of Technology, Sydney. He is the author of The
PrimeMinister’sChristmasCard (2001);recentpublicationsinclude‘The
Shadow’ Cultural Studies Review (2011), a reflection on the destruc-
tion of Hiroshima in 1945. He is currently working with researchers
fromPotsdamUniversityonthevariedentanglementsofGermanyand
Australiainthecolonialera.
VictorEmeljanowisEmeritusProfessorintheSchoolofCreativeArtsat
TheUniversityofNewcastle,NewSouthWales.HeistheGeneralEditor
of thee-journalPopular EntertainmentStudies andconvenorof thePop-
ular Entertainments Working Group for The International Federation
of Theatre Research. He is the co-author with James Davis of Reflecting
theAudience(2001),whichwontheBritishSocietyforTheatreResearch
AnnualBookAwardin2002,andhismostrecentbookisBeerbohmTree
inthePickeringandChattoseriesLivesofShakespearianActors(2012).
Norman Fry served as Disaster Co-ordinator for the Toowoomba
RegionalCouncilatthetimeofthe2012floods.Priortothat,hiscareer
wasintheNewZealandArmy,wherehisexperienceincludedatourof
duty as a rifle platoon commander in South Vietnam in 4RAR ANZAC
Battalion. He was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel in 1983 and posted
to be the Director of Army Training for the New Zealand Army. Three
years later he became the Commanding Officer of the Army’s Ready
Reaction Force Battalion (2/1 RNZIR). In 1991, he was posted to the
DefenceCentreinMelbournewherehisresponsibilitiesincludedAidto
the Civil Power and Support to the Civil Community. He retired from
theArmyin1994.Asaciviliandisasterco-ordinator,hisresponsibilities
ix