Tratamiento De La Patologia Cardiovascular Braunwald 4ed (opt)

769 Pages·70.144 MB·Spanish

by  Varios

Tratamiento de la
patología cardiovascular
Complemento de Braunwald. Tratado de cardiología
Complementos de
Braunwald. Tratado de cardiología
HENRY R. BLACK Y WILLIAM J. ELLIOT
Hipertensión
MARC A. CREAGER, JOSHUA A. BECKMAN Y JOSEPH LOSCALZO
Medicina vascular
Tratamiento de la
patología cardiovascular
Complemento de Braunwald. Tratado de cardiología
CUARTA EDICIÓN
Elliott M. Antman, MD
Professor of Medicine
Associate Dean for Clinical/Translational Research
Harvard Medical School
Senior Investigator, TIMI Study Group
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
Marc S. Sabatine, MD, MPH
Chairman, TIMI Study Group
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Associate Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
Editores de sección
James de Lemos, MD
John P. DiMarco, MD, PhD
Michael M. Givertz, MD
Suzanne Oparil, MD
Frank M. Sacks, MD
Benjamin M. Scirica, MD, MPH
Piotr Sobieszczyk, MD
Copyright
Edición en español de la cuarta edición de la obra original en inglés
Cardiovascular Therapeutics: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease
Copyright © 2013 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Revisión científica
Luis Rodríguez Padial
Jefe del Servicio de Cardiología
Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo
© 2014 Elsevier España, S.L.
Travessera de Gràcia, 17-21. 08021 Barcelona, España
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ISBN edición original: 978-1-4557-0101-8
ISBN edición española impresa: 978-84-9022-439-7
ISBN edición española electrónica: 978-84-9022-460-1
Depósito legal edición impresa: B. 27388-2013
Depósito legal edición electrónica: B. 27387-2013
Servicios editoriales: Gea Consultoría Editorial, s.l.
Advertencia
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El editor
A la doctora Karen Antman,
a los doctores Amy y Jeffrey Gelfand,
y a los doctores David y Alicia Antman.
A Adam, Ethan y Ryan,
a la doctora Jennifer Tseng, a Matteo y a Natalie.
COLABORADORES
William T. Abraham, MD Edmund A. Bermudez, MD
Associate Director, Cardiac Transplantation, Cardiovascular Institute, Consultant, Florida Cardiac Consultants, Sarasota, Florida
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Momento óptimo de una intervención quirúrgica
Dispositivos implantables para el tratamiento o mecánica en la cardiopatía valvular nativa
de la insuficiencia cardíaca
David A. Calhoun, MD
Maria Czarina Acelajado, MD Medical Director, Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program,
Clinical Associate Professor, Section of Hypertension, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
Department of Medicine, University of The Philippines, Hipertensión resistente
Philippine General Hospital, Manila, The Philippines
Hipertensión resistente Robert M. Califf, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Director,
Dominick J. Angiolillo, MD, PhD Duke University Translational Medicine Institute;
Associate Professor of Medicine, Director of Cardiovascular Vice Chancellor for Clinical Research, Duke University;
Research, Director, Center for Thrombosis Research, Editor-in-Chief, American Heart Journal, Raleigh, North Carolina
University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida Evaluación de pruebas y tratamientos cardiovasculares
Modalidades farmacológicas para el tratamiento de la cardiopatía
isquémica David J. Callans, MD
Associate Director of Electrophysiology, University of Pennsylvania
Elad Anter, MD Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Tratamiento no farmacológico de las taquiarritmias
Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Instructor,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Niteesh K. Choudhry, MD, PhD
Tratamiento no farmacológico de las taquiarritmias Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology
and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine,
Elliott M. Antman, MD Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Professor of Medicine, Associate Dean for Clinical/ Boston, Massachusetts
Translational Research, Harvard Medical School; Evaluación de pruebas y tratamientos cardiovasculares
Senior Investigator, TIMI Study Group,
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Janice Y. Chyou, MD
Evaluación de pruebas y tratamientos cardiovasculares Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Farmacogenética
Piero Anversa, MD
Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, Jay N. Cohn, MD
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Professor of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division,
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Tratamiento regenerador de la insuficiencia cardíaca Tratamiento farmacológico de la insuficiencia cardíaca
en el entorno ambulatorio
Steven R. Bailey, MD
Chief, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Wilson S. Colucci, MD
Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas Cardiovascular Section, Boston University Medical Center,
Tratamiento percutáneo de la cardiopatía valvular Boston, Massachusetts
Estrategias para el tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardíaca
Suzanne J. Baron, MD aguda descompensada
Interventional Cardiology Fellow,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Michael H. Davidson, MD
Boston, Massachusetts Clinical Professor of Medicine, Director of Preventive Cardiology, The
Avances en la revascularización coronaria University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
Tratamiento de pacientes con colesterol de las lipoproteínas de alta
Eric R. Bates, MD densidad bajo y triglicéridos elevados
Professor, Department of Internal Medicine,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan James de Lemos, MD
Infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST Professor of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University of Texas,
Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Brigitte M. Baumann, MD, MSCE
Head, Division of Clinical Research, G. William Dec, Jr., MD
Department of Emergency Medicine, Chief, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital;
Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Roman DeSanctis Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School,
Camden, New Jersey Boston, Massachusetts
Crisis hipertensivas Miocardiopatías hipertróficas, restrictivas e infiltrantes
viii
John P. DiMarco, MD, PhD Thomas A. Gaziano, MD, MSc
Professor of Medicine, Director, Heart Rhythm Center, Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School;
Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia Health System, Physician, Cardiovascular Medicine,
Charlottesville, Virginia Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Tratamiento farmacológico de las taquicardias supraventriculares Tratamiento cardiovascular global
Kenneth A. Ellenbogen, MD Robert P. Giugliano, MD, SM
Kontos Professor of Cardiology, Chairman, Division of Cardiology, Senior Investigator, TIMI Study Group; Associate Physician,
Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital;
Importancia de los desfibriladores-cardioversores implantables en la Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School,
prevención primaria y secundaria de la muerte cardíaca súbita Boston, Massachusetts
Síndromes coronarios agudos sin elevación del segmento ST
Rodney H. Falk, MD
Director, HVMA Cardiac Amyloidosis Program, Brigham and Michael M. Givertz, MD
Women's Hospital; Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, Medical Director, Heart Transplant and Circulatory Assist Program,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Brigham and Women's Hospital; Associate Professor of Medicine,
Fibrilación auricular Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Tratamiento farmacológico de la insuficiencia cardíaca
Bonita E. Falkner, MD en el entorno ambulatorio
Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics, Estrategias para el tratamiento de la insuficiencia
Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania cardíaca aguda descompensada
Tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial en niños y adolescentes
Samuel Z. Goldhaber, MD
Andrew Farb, MD Director, Venous Thromboembolism Research Group;
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC Professor of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division,
Desarrollo de dispositivos utilizados en terapéutica cardiovascular: Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
conceptos e implicaciones reguladoras Embolia pulmonar y trombosis venosa profunda
John D. Ferguson, MB ChB, MD Bruce R. Gordon, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Professor of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Weill Medical College
University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia of Cornell University; Chief Operating Officer and Co-Director,
Tratamiento farmacológico de las taquicardias supraventriculares Comprehensive Lipid Control Center, The Rogosin Institute;
Attending Physician, New York-Presbyterian Hospital,
Joseph T. Flynn, MD New York, New York
Dr. Robert O. Hickman Endowed Chair in Pediatric Nephrology, Otras medidas para la hipercolesterolemia intensa
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of
Medicine, Seattle, Washington Christopher B. Granger, MD
Tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial en niños y adolescentes Rosenthal Professor and Chairman, Department of Medicine,
New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
Lisa W. Forbess, MD Sistemas de asistencia sanitaria
Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas Robert A. Harrington, MD
Opciones farmacológicas para el tratamiento de las enfermedades Arthur L. Bloomfield Professor of Medicine, Chair,
cardiovasculares durante el embarazo Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
Desarrollo de un nuevo fármaco
Keith A.A. Fox, MB ChB
Professor of Cardiology, Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Jennifer E. Ho, MD
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom Cardiology Research Fellow, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Cardiopatía isquémica estable/angina crónica estable Boston, Massachusetts
Manifestaciones, patogenia y tratamiento
William H. Frishman, MD, MACP de las enfermedades cardiovasculares asociadas al VIH
Rosenthal Professor and Chairman, Department of
Medicine, Professor of Pharmacology, New York Brian D. Hoit, MD
Medical College; Director, Department of Medicine, Professor of Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics,
Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York Case Western Reserve University; Director of Echocardiography,
Modalidades farmacológicas para el tratamiento University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
de la cardiopatía isquémica Tratamiento de la enfermedad pericárdica
Victor F. Froelicher, MD Priscilla Y. Hsue, MD
Professor of Medicine, Stanford University; Associate Professor of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco,
Staff Cardiologist, Palo Alto VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California
Palo Alto, California Manifestaciones, patogenia y tratamiento de las enfermedades
Rehabilitación del paciente con enfermedades cardiovasculares asociadas al VIH
cardiovasculares
Lisa Cooper Hudgins, MD
William H. Gaasch, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics in Medicine and Pediatrics,
Senior Consultant in Cardiology, Lahey Clinic; Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Pediatric
Professor of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Program Director, Comprehensive Lipid Control Center,
School, Burlington, Massachusetts The Rogosin Institute; Associate Attending Physician,
Momento óptimo de una intervención quirúrgica New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
o mecánica en la cardiopatía valvular nativa Otras medidas para la hipercolesterolemia intensa
ix
Eric M. Isselbacher, MD Annarosa Leri, MD
Co-Director, Thoracic Aortic Center, Associate Director, Heart Center, Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular
Massachusetts General Hospital; Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts School, Boston, Massachusetts
Enfermedad aórtica Tratamiento regenerador de la insuficiencia cardíaca
Michael R. Jaff, DO J. Michael Mangrum, MD
C
Harvard Business School; Medical Director, Vascular Center, Associate Professor of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, o
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia l
a
Estenosis de la arteria renal Tratamiento farmacológico de las taquicardias supraventriculares
b
o
Jan Kajstura, PhD Jaimie Manlucu, MD r
a
Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
d
Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical Dispositivos implantables para el tratamiento de la insuficiencia o
School, Boston, Massachusetts cardíaca r
e
Tratamiento regenerador de la insuficiencia cardíaca
s
Giuseppe J. Martucci, MD
S. Ananth Karumanchi, MD Director, McGill Adult Unit for Congenital Heart Disease Excellence
Associate Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine and (MAUDE), McGill University Health Centre and Sir Mortimer
Center for Vascular Biology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine,
Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Hipertensión arterial en el embarazo Tratamiento de los adultos con cardiopatía congénita
David F. Kong, AM, DMT Michael A. Mathier, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Co-Director, Cardiovascular Late Phase 3/Devices, Duke Clinical Trasplante cardíaco y dispositivos de soporte circulatorio
Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina Laura Mauri, MD
Desarrollo de un nuevo fármaco Associate Professor of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Daniel B. Kramer, MD Avances en la revascularización coronaria
Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center;
Instructor, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Kathy McManus, MS, RD
Apéndice: Dispositivos cardiovasculares Director of Nutrition, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts
Marc Z. Krichavsky, MD Enfermedades cardiovasculares y modificación del estilo de vida
Cardiac Specialists, Danbury, Connecticut
Enfermedad arterial periférica Jessica L. Mega, MD, MPH
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Marie Krousel-Wood, MD, MSPH Farmacogenética
Professor of Clinical Epidemiology and of Clinical
Family and Community Medicine, Tulane University Stephanie Mick, MD
Health Sciences; Director, Center for Health Research, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Oschner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
Evaluación inicial y abordaje al paciente con hipertensión arterial Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Thoracic and
Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
Frederick G. Kushne, MD Avances en la revascularización coronaria
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Lousiana Mary Mullen, MD, PhD
Infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST Director, Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Boston Adult Congenital
Heart (BACH) Group, Children's Hospital, Brigham and Women's
Neal Lakdawala, MD, MSc Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Instructor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Tratamiento de los adultos con cardiopatía congénita
Associate Physician, Cardiovascular Medicine,
Brigham and Women's Hospital; VA Boston Healthcare System, Jonathan N. Myers, PhD
Boston, Massachusetts Clinical Professor, Department of Cardiology, VA Palo Alto Health
Miocardiopatías hipertróficas, restrictivas e infiltrantes Care System, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
Rehabilitación del paciente con enfermedades cardiovasculares
Michael J. Landzberg, MD
Director, Boston Adult Congenital Heart (BACH) and David E. Newby, PhD, BM DM
Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Children's Hospital Boston, Professor of Cardiology, Centre for Cardiovascular Science,
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Boston, Massachusetts Cardiopatía isquémica estable/angina crónica estable
Tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial pulmonar
Tratamiento de los adultos con cardiopatía congénita Graham Nichol, MD, MPH
Medic One Foundation Endowed Chair in Prehospital Emergency
David C. Lange, MD Care, Director, University of Washington-Harborview Center for
Chief Medical Resident, San Francisco VA Medical Center, Prehospital Emergency Care; Medical Director, Resuscitation
University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California Outcome Consortium Clinical Trial Center; Professor of Medicine,
Manifestaciones, patogenia y tratamiento de las enfermedades University of Washington-Seattle, Seattle, Washington
cardiovasculares asociadas al VIH Sistemas de asistencia sanitaria
x
Suzanne Oparil, MD Marc S. Sabatine, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics, Chairman, TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital;
Director, Vascular Biology & Hypertension Program; Associate Professor of Medicine,
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Farmacogenética
Evaluación inicial y abordaje al paciente con hipertensión arterial
Frank M. Sacks, MD
Alexander R. Opotowsky, MD, MPH Professor of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Department of
Boston Adult Congenital Heart (BACH) and Pulmonary Hypertension Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health; Department of
Group, Children's Hospital Boston, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Medicine, Cardiovascular Division and Channing Laboratory,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial pulmonar Boston, Massachusetts
Enfermedades cardiovasculares y modificación del estilo de vida
Neha J. Pagidipati, MD
Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Joseph J. Saseen, PharmD
Boston, Massachusetts Professor of Clinical Pharmacy and Family Medicine,
Tratamiento cardiovascular global University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
John D. Parker, MD and School of Medicine; Professor of Family Medicine,
Program Medical Director, Heart & Circulation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
University Health Network; Professor, University of Toronto, Tratamiento farmacológico de la hipertensión arterial
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Modalidades farmacológicas para el tratamiento Frederick J. Schoen, MD, PhD
de la cardiopatía isquémica Executive Vice Chairman, Department of Pathology, Brigham and
Women's Hospital; Professor of Pathology and Health Sciences
Joseph E. Parrillo, MD and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Professor of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Desarrollo de dispositivos utilizados en terapéutica cardiovascular:
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; conceptos e implicaciones reguladoras
Chief, Department of Medicine, Edward D. Viner MD Chair,
Director, Cooper Heart Institute, Cooper University Hospital, John S. Schroeder, MD
Camden, New Jersey Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Tratamiento de la taquicardia ventricular y de la parada cardíaca Stanford University, Stanford, California
Modalidades farmacológicas para el tratamiento
Matthias Peltz, MD de la cardiopatía isquémica
Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic
Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Benjamin M. Scirica, MD, MPH
Dallas, Texas Investigator, TIMI Study Group; Associate Physician, Cardiovascular
Cirugía de las cardiopatías valvulares Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Assistant Professor
of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Todd S. Perlstein, MD Modalidades farmacológicas para el tratamiento
Associate Physician, Cardiovascular Division, de la cardiopatía isquémica
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Enfermedad arterial periférica Eric A. Secemsky, MD
Cardiovascular Fellow, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Gail E. Peterson, MD Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Manifestaciones, patogenia y tratamiento de las enfermedades
Dallas, Texas cardiovasculares asociadas al VIH
Prevención y tratamiento de la endocarditis infecciosa
Ellen W. Seely, MD
Gregory Piazza, MD Director of Clinical Research, Endocrinology, Diabetes,
Staff Cardiologist, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, and Hypertension Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital;
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School,
Embolia pulmonar y trombosis venosa profunda Boston, Massachusetts
Hipertensión arterial en el embarazo
Sharon C. Reimold, MD
Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Prem S. Shekar, MD
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Dallas, Texas Avances en la revascularización coronaria
Opciones farmacológicas para el tratamiento
de las enfermedades cardiovasculares durante el embarazo Michael A. Shullo, PharmD
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Klaus Romero, MD Trasplante cardíaco y dispositivos de soporte circulatorio
Director of Clinical Research, Critical Path Institute,
Tucson, Arizona Piotr Sobieszczyk, MD
Farmacología clínica de los antiarrítmicos Cardiovascular Division, Vascular Medicine Section,
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University
Andrea M. Russo, MD Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Professor of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Enfermedad cerebrovascular
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey;
Director, Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia Services, Amy B. Stancoven, MD
Director, Clinical Electrophysiology Fellowship, Assistant Instructor, Internal Medicine, University of Texas
Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Tratamiento de la taquicardia ventricular y de la parada cardíaca Prevención y tratamiento de la endocarditis infecciosa