Transportation Statistics and Microsimulation

360 Pages·2010·2.852 MB·English

by  Clifford Spiegelman, Eun Sug Park, Laurence R. Rilett

Transportation
Statistics and
Microsimulation

Transportation
Statistics and
Microsimulation
Clifford H. Spiegelman
Eun Sug Park
Laurence R. Rilett
Chapman & Hall/CRC
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Table of Contents
Preface, xvii
Acknowledgments, xxiii
About the Authors, xxv
How to Contact the Authors and Access the Data Sets, xxvii
Chapter 1 ▪ Overview: The Role of Statistics in
Transportation Engineering 1
1.1 WhaT IS EngInEERIng? 2
1.2 WhaT IS TRanSpORTaTIOn EngInEERIng? 5
1.3 gOal Of ThE TExTbOOk 7
1.4 OvERvIEW Of ThE TExTbOOk 7
1.5 WhO IS ThE audIEncE fOR ThIS TExTbOOk? 8
1.6 RElax—EvERyThIng IS fInE 8
REfEREncES 9
Chapter 2 ▪ graphical Methods for displaying data 11
2.1 InTROducTIOn 1 1
2.2 hISTOgRaM 13
2.3 bOx and WhISkER plOT 1 6
2.4 QuanTIlE plOT 1 8
2.5 ScaTTER plOT 1 9
2.6 paRallEl plOT 22
2.7 TIME SERIES plOT 2 3
vii
viii   ◾   Table of contents
2.8 QualITy cOnTROl plOTS 2 4
2.9 cOncludIng REMaRkS 2 6
hOMEWORk pROblEMS 26
REfEREncES 27
Chapter 3 ▪ numerical Summary Measures 2 9
3.1 InTROducTIOn 2 9
3.2 MEaSuRES Of cEnTRal TEndEncy 3 0
3.2.1 Mean 3 0
3.2.2 Median 3 2
3.2.3 Trimmed Mean 3 3
3.2.4 Mode 3 3
3.2.5 Proportion 3 4
3.3 MEaSuRES Of RElaTIvE STandIng 3 5
3.3.1 Percentile 3 5
3.3.2 Quartile 3 6
3.4 MEaSuRES Of vaRIabIlITy 3 6
3.4.1 Range 3 6
3.4.2 Variance 3 7
3.4.3 Standard Deviation 3 7
3.4.4 Interquartile Range 3 8
3.4.5 Coefficient of Variation 3 8
3.5 MEaSuRES Of aSSOcIaTIOn 3 9
3.5.1 Pearson’s Sample Correlation Coefficient 40
3.5.2 Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient 4 1
3.6 cOncludIng REMaRkS 43
hOMEWORk pROblEMS 44
REfEREncES 46
Chapter 4 ▪ probability and Random variables 47
4.1 InTROducTIOn 4 7
4.2 SaMplE SpacES and EvEnTS 4 7
4.3 InTERpRETaTIOn Of pRObabIlITy 4 8
Table of contents   ◾   ix
4.4 RandOM vaRIablE 5 0
4.4.1 Functions of a Random Variable 5 2
4.5 ExpEcTaTIOnS Of RandOM vaRIablES 5 3
4.5.1 Expected Values Are Linear 5 4
4.6 cOvaRIancES and cORRElaTIOn Of RandOM
vaRIablES 5 4
4.7 cOMpuTIng ExpEcTEd valuES Of funcTIOnS
Of RandOM vaRIablES 5 5
4.8 cOndITIOnal pRObabIlITy 5 7
4.9 bayES’ ThEOREM 5 9
4.10 cOncludIng REMaRkS 6 0
hOMEWORk pROblEMS 61
REfEREncES 63
Chapter 5 ▪ common probability distributions 6 5
5.1 InTROducTIOn 65
5.2 dIScRETE dISTRIbuTIOnS 6 6
5.2.1 Binomial Distribution 6 6
5.2.2 Poisson Distribution 6 9
5.2.3 Negative Binomial Distribution 7 1
5.3 cOnTInuOuS dISTRIbuTIOnS 7 3
5.3.1 Normal Distribution 7 4
5.3.2 t-Distribution 78
5.3.3 Lognormal Distribution 7 9
5.3.4 Exponential Distribution 8 0
5.3.5 Gamma Distribution 8 1
5.3.6 Chi-Square Distribution 8 2
5.3.7 F-Distribution 8 4
5.3.8 Beta Distribution 8 5
5.4 cOncludIng REMaRkS 8 5
appEndIx: TablE Of ThE MOST pOpulaR
dISTRIbuTIOnS In TRanSpORTaTIOn EngInEERIng 87