Table Of ContentACADEMIC PRESS RAPID MANUSCRIPT REPRODUCTION
Transport and
Transfer Processes
in Plants
Proceedings of a Symposium held under the
auspices of the U.S. — Australia Agreement
for Scientific and Technical Cooperation
Canberra, Australia. December 1975.
Edited by
I.F. Wardlaw and J.B. Passioura
CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra,
Australia
1976
Academic Press
New York San Francisco London
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Transport and transfer processes in plants.
"Proceedings of a symposium held under the auspices of
the U.S.-Australia Agreement for Scientific and Technical
Cooperation, Canberra, Australia, December 1975."
1. Plant translocation-Congresses. I. Wardlaw,
I. F. II. Passioura, J. B.
QK871.T72 581.l'l 76-27761
ISBN 0-12-734850-6
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Participants
CONTRIBUTORS (J - joint author not in attendance)
W. G. Allaway, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney,
N.S.W. 2006, Australia
W. P. Anderson, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National
University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2600 Australia
R. L. Bieleski, Plant Diseases Division, D.S.I.R., Auckland, New Zealand
S. Bullivant, (J), Department of Cell Biology, University of Auckland,
Auckland, New Zealand
A. L. Christy, Agricultural Research Department, Monsanto Agricultural
Products Co., St. Louis, Missouri 63166
M. G. Cook, C.S.I.R.O. Division of Plant Industry, Canberra A.C.T. 2601,
Australia
W. J. Cram, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney,
N.S.W. 2006, Australia
G. P. Dempsey, (J), Plant Diseases Division, DSIR, Auckland, New Zealand
J. Dunlop, Grasslands Division, DSIR, Palmerston North, New Zealand
L. T. Evans, CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra A.C.T. 2601, Australia
R. J. Field, (J), Department of Plant Science, Lincoln College, Canterbury,
New Zealand
D. B. Fisher, Botany Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
D. R. Geiger, Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio
45409
A. D. M. Glass, Botany and Zoology Department, Massey University,
Palmerston North, New Zealand
B. E. S. Gunning, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National
University, Canberra A.C.T. 2600, Australia
P. W. Hattersley, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National
University, Canberra A.C.T. 2600, Australia
Katie Helms, CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra A.C.T. 2601, Australia
J. Hoddinott, (J), Department of Botany, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, B.C., Canada
P. Jarvis, Lincoln College, Canterbury, New Zealand
C. F. Jenner, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, University of Adelaide,
Glen Osmond, S.A. 5064, Australia
IX
PARTICIPANTS
M. G. K. Jones, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National
University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2600, Australia
M. R. Kaufmann, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California,
Riverside, California 92502
R. W. King, CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601,
Australia
P. E. Kriedemann, CSIRO Division of Horticultural Research, Merbein, Victoria
3505, Australia
A. Läuchli, Fachbereich Biologie (10), Der Technischen Hochschule, D-6100,
Darmstadt, Germany
J. F. Loneragan, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch
University, Murdoch, W.A. 6153, Australia
B. R. Loveys, (J), CSIRO Division of Horticultural Research, Adelaide, South
Australia 5001, Australia
I. A. Newman, Department of Physics, University of Tasmania, Hobart,
Tasmania 7001, Australia
T. P. O'Brien, Botany Department, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168,
Australia
C. B. Osmond, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National
University, Canberra A.C.T. 2600, Australia
J. B. Passioura, CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra A.C.T. 2601,
Australia
J. S. Pate, Department of Botany, The University of Western Australia,
Nedlands, W.A. 6009, Australia
J. W. Patrick, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Newcastle,
N.S.W. 2308, Australia
M. G. Pitman, School of Biological Sciences, Sydney University, Sydney,
N.S.W. 2006, Australia
J. Possingham, (J), CSIRO Division of Horticultural Research, Adelaide, South
Australia 5001, Australia
K. Raschke, MSU/ERDA Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University,
East Lansing, Michigan 48824
A. W. Robards, (J), Department of Biology, University of York Heslington,
York Y01 5DD, U.K.
A. D. Robson, (J), Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia,
Nedlands, W.A. 6009, Australia
M. Satoh, (J), Sericultural Experiment Station, Suginami-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
J. W. Sij, (J), Texas A.&M. University, Agricultural Research and Extension
Centre, Beaumont, Texas 77706
K. Snowball, (J), Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia,
Nedlands, W.A. 6009, Australia
x
PARTICIPANTS
J. K. Sullivan, (J), Physics Department, University of Tasmania, Hobart,
Tasmania 7001, Australia
C. A. Swanson, Department of Botany, Ohio State University, Columbus,
Ohio 43201
B. Tomkins, (J), Grasslands Division, DSIR Palmerston North, New Zealand
J. H. Troughton, Physics and Engineering Laboratory, DSIR Lower Hutt, New
Zealand
N. A. Walker, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney,
N.S.W. 2006, Australia
I. F. Wardlaw, CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra A.C.T. 2601,
Australia
L. Watson, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National
University, Canberra A.C.T. 2600, Australia
R. E. Williamson, Department of Botany, La Trobe, University, Bundoora,
Victoria 3083, Australia
M. H. Zimmermann, Harvard University Forest, Petersham, Massachusetts
01366
SESSION CHAIRMEN (C - indicates contributor)
R. L. Bieleski (C)
D. B. Fisher (C)
B. E. S. Gunning (C)
F. L. Milthorpe, School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North
Ryde, N.S.W. 2113, Australia
T. F. Neales, Botany Department, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria
3052, Australia
L. G. Paleg, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen
Osmond, S.A. 5064, Australia
R. N. Robertson, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National
University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2600, Australia
C. A. Swanson (C)
OTHER PARTICIPANTS
E. Bachelard, Department of Forestry, Australian National University,
Canberra, A.C.T. 2600, Australia
D. Bagnall, CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia
E. W. R. Barlow, School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North
Ryde, N.S.W. 2113, Australia
H. Beevers, Thimann Laboratories, University of California, Santa Cruz,
California 95064
XI
PARTICIPANTS
J. E. Begg, CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia
E. G. Bollard, Plant Diseases Division, DSIR, Auckland, New Zealand
B. T. Brown, CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601,
Australia
D. J. Carr, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National
University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2600, Australia
H. Chujo, Osaka University, Japan
I. Cowan, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National
University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2600, Australia
M. Dalling, School of Agriculture, University of Melbourne, Parkville,
Victoria 3052, Australia
A. Davies, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen
Osmond, S.A. 5069, Australia
G. A. Drake, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National
University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2600, Australia
R. L. Dunstone, CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601,
Australia
I. Ferris, N.S.W. Department of Agriculture, N.S.W., Australia
R. M. Gifford, CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601,
Australia
D. J. Goodchild, CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601,
Australia
H. G. Jones, Plant Breeding Institute, Trumpington, Cambridge, CB2 2L9,
United Kingdom
G. F. Katekar, CSI RO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601,
Australia
A. Lang, CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia
G. H. Lorimer, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National
University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2600, Australia
P. F. Lumley, Botany Department, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168,
Australia
R. C. McDonald, Department of Biology, University of Newcastle, N.S.W. 2308,
Australia
I. B. McNulty, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
C. P. Meyer, Botany Department, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria
3052, Australia
P. A. Morrow, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National
University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2600, Australia
R. Munns, School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde,
N.S.W. 2113, Australia
XII
PARTICIPANTS
D. Parkes, Botany Department, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168,
Australia
D. Vince-Prue, University of Reading, U.K.
P. J. Randall, CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601,
Australia
R. J. Reid, School of Biological Sciences, Sydney University, Sydney, N.S.W.
2006, Australia
G. R. Robinson, Department of Physics, University of Tasmania, Hobart,
Tasmania 7001, Australia
N. Schaefer, School of Biological Sciences, Sydney University, Sydney, N.S.W.
2006, Australia
R. F. M. Van Steveninck, Botany Department, University of Queensland, St.
Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
R. Sward, Botany Department, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168,
Australia
N. C. Turner, CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601,
Australia
XIII
Preface
A knowledge of the manner in which organic materials and nutrients are
distributed in plants is important for an understanding of the limits to harvest-
able yield, how environmental factors regulate growth, how nutrients may be
used more efficiently, and how diseases spread in plants. To this list can also be
added the effectiveness of substances applied to plants such as growth regula
tors, herbicides, and insecticides.
There has been considerable progress in recent years in a wide range of
interrelated disciplines, including salt uptake in cells, water relations, nutrition
and translocation, as well as cell to cell transfer processes and plant anatomy.
The provisions of the U.S.-Australia Science Agreement made it possible to
bring together scientists, working in all of these areas, to a conference and
workshop designed to examine how the various forms of both long-and short
distance transport operate and how they might interact in the whole plant. By
the end of the conference and workshop it was evident that although there has
been considerable clarification of many of the facets of transport in plants,
many of the basic processes, including the exact nature of the underlying
mechanisms, still need to be resolved. However, on a more optimistic note, it is
probably correct to say that the techniques are now available to resolve many
of the current differences of opinion. The detailed discussion and exchange of
ideas that occur at a symposium of this nature are difficult to bring into print.
However we are extremely grateful to the chairmen, who at the end of the
conference so ably summed up the main ideas from the papers and discussions
in each session, and it is these presentations that form the basis of the three
short summaries presented at the end of each section. It is hoped that in
publishing the proceedings of this meeting, there will be some encouragement
for researchers to look at the wider implications of experimental findings re
lating to specific transport processes.
We are indebted to both the United States Government, through the National
Science Foundation, and the Australian Government, through the Department
of Science, for their help in arranging this conference and in providing funding
for seven participants from the U.S. and twenty from Australia. Also we are
indebted to CSIRO for their support, practical help and provision of facilities
for the conference. We are particularly grateful to Dr. L. T. Evans, Chief of the
Division of Plant Industry, whose initial encouragement and continued support
as a member of the organizing committee, played a large part in the success of
the proceedings, and also to Professors D. R. Geiger and D. B. Fisher for their
part of the organization in America. Finally we would like to express our
xv
PREFACE
appreciation of the excellent help we received from many individuals in the
Division of Plant Industry. In particular we would like to recognize the efforts
of Mrs. V. Ronning in dealing with the correspondence and the reorganization
of many of the manuscripts; Mr. T. Buchwald for his patient reading of proofs
and the typists Mrs. V. Taylor, Mrs. S. Kelo, Mrs. P. French, Mrs. D. McCann,
Mrs. C. Stokes and Mrs. P. Dawson for their team effort in producing the
camera-ready copy for this book.
/. F. Ward/aw and
J. B. Passioura
xvi
