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TRANSPLANTATION OF THE LIVER ISBN 0-7216-0118-9
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Transplantation of the liver/[edited by] Ronald W. Busuttil, Goran B. Klintmalm.—2nd ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7216-0118-9
1. Liver—Transplantation. I. Busuttil, Ronald W. II. Klintmalm, Goran B.
[DNLM: 1. Liver Transplantation. WI 770 T7725 2005]
RD546.T643 2005
617.5′5620592—dc22 2004053661
Acquisitions Editor:Judith Fletcher
Developmental Editor:Agnes Byrne
Publishing Services Manager:Tina Rebane
Project Manager:Jodi Kaye
Design Coordinator:Ellen Zanolle
Printed in the United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contributors
Anantharaju Abhinandana, MD Paula Andreani, MD
Gastroenterologist, Shoals Hospital, Surgeon, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif,
Muscle Shoals, Alabama France
Unusual Indications for Liver Split-Liver Transplantation for Two Adults
Transplantation
Nancy L. Ascher, MD, PhD
Kareem Abu-Elmagd, MD, PhD Professor and Chair of Surgery,
Professor of Surgery, University of Department of Surgery, University of
Pittsburgh School of Medicine; California, San Francisco School of
Director of Intestinal Transplant Services, Medicine, San Francisco, California
Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Rejection After Transplantation
Institute, University of Pittsburgh
Daniel Azoulay, MD
Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Professor of Surgery, Université Paris-Sud;
Cell Migration, Chimerism, and Graft
Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
Acceptance, With Particular Reference to
Split-Liver Transplantation for
the Liver
Two Adults
Estella M. Alonso, MD
Lars Bäckman, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics,
Associate Professor, Karolinska Institute,
Northwestern University Feinberg School
Stockholm; Director of Liver
of Medicine; Director of Liver
Transplantation, Department of
Transplantation, Department of
Transplantation and Liver Surgery,
Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology,
Sahlgrenska University Hospital,
Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s
Gothenburg, Sweden
Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
Liver Organ Allocation: The European
General Criteria for Pediatric
Models
Transplantation
Maria H. Alonso, MD William F. Balistreri, MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery, University Dorothy M. M. Kersten Professor of
of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati
Pediatric Surgeon, Cincinnati Children’s College of Medicine; Director, Division
Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and
Transplantation for Hepatic Malignancy in Nutrition; and Medical Director,
Children Pediatric Liver Care Center,
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical
Edwin C. Amos III, MD
Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
Associate Clinical Professor of Neurology,
Transplantation for Cholestatic Liver
David Geffen School of Medicine at
Disease in the Pediatric Patient
UCLA, Los Angeles; Attending
Neurologist, St. John’s Hospital and Mehdi Baluch, MD
Health Center, and Santa Monica UCLA Fellow in Gastroenterology, Loyola
Medical Center, Santa Monica, University Medical Center, Maywood,
California Illinois
Postoperative Neurological Disorders and Unusual Indications for Liver
Prognosis Transplantation
v
vi Contributors
Thomas M. Beebe, BSN, RN John Brems, MD
Database Manager, Israel Penn Associate Professor of Surgery, Loyola
International Transplant Tumor Registry; University Medical School; Surgical
Department of Surgery, Division of Director, Abdominal Transplantation,
Transplantation, University of Cincinnati Loyola University Medical Center,
College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio Maywood, Illinois
Transplant-Related Malignancies Unusual Indications for Liver
Transplantation
Steven H. Belle, PhD, MScHyg
Associate Professor, Departments of Robert S. Brown, Jr., MD, MPH
Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine
University of Pittsburgh Graduate School and Pediatrics, Columbia University
of Public Health, Pittsburgh, College of Physicians and Surgeons;
Pennsylvania Chief, Center for Liver Disease and
U.S. Trends in Liver Transplantation, Transplantation, New York-Presbyterian
1988 to 2001 Hospital, New York, New York
Current Indications, Contraindications,
Marina Berenguer, MD
Delisting Criteria, and Timing for Liver
Staff, Hospital Universitario La Fe,
Transplantation
Valencia, Spain
Hepatitis C and Liver Transplantation Joseph F. Buell, MD, FACS
Director, Israel Penn International
Andres Besedovsky, MD
Transplant Tumor Registry, Division of
Clinical Research Scholar, Siragusa
Transplantation; Assistant Professor of
Transplantation Center, Children’s
Surgery, Department of Surgery, Division
Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
of Transplantation, University of
General Criteria for Pediatric
Cincinnati College of Medicine,
Transplantation
Cincinnati, Ohio
Jorge A. Bezerra, MD Transplant-Related Malignancies
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University
of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Ronald W. Busuttil, MD, PhD
Director, Biliary Atresia Center, and Professor and Chief, Division of Liver
Associate Director, NIH-Digestive and Pancreas Transplantation and
Research Development Center, Cincinnati Dumont Chair in Transplantation Surgery,
Children’s Hospital Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at
Cincinnati, Ohio UCLA, Los Angeles, California
Transplantation for Cholestatic Liver Management of Portal Hypertensive
Disease in the Pediatric Patient Hemorrhage in the Era of Liver
Transplantation; The Recipient
Henri Bismuth, MD Hepatectomy and Grafting; Liver
Professor, Université Paris-Sud; Hôpital Transplantation and Situs Inversus;
Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France Retransplantation; Ischemia-Reperfusion
Split-Liver Transplantation for Two Adults Injury of the Liver
Kevin E. Bove, MD José Cañón, MD
Professor of Pathology and Pediatrics, Medical Staff, Organizacion Nacional de
University of Cincinnati College of Transplantes, Madrid, Spain
Medicine; Staff Pathologist, Cincinnati Liver Organ Allocation: The European
Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Models
Cincinnati, Ohio
Ian C. Carmody, MD, FRCS(C)
Transplantation for Hepatic Malignancy in
Clinical Instructor, Department of Liver
Children
and Pancreas Transplantation,
Lynda Brady, MD David Geffen School of Medicine at
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
The University of Chicago Stritch School Treatment of Acute and Chronic Rejection;
of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois Arterial Complications After Liver
Transplantation for Biliary Atresia Transplantation
Contributors vii
J. Michael Cecka, PhD Steven D. Colquhoun, MD
Professor and Director of Clinical Research, Associate Professor, Department of Surgery,
Department of Pathology and Laboratory David Geffen School of Medicine at
Medicine, David Geffen School of UCLA; Director of Liver Transplantation,
Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles,
ABO, Tissue Typing, and Cross-match California
Incompatibility in Liver Transplantation Graft Failure: Etiology, Recognition, and
Treatment
Ravi S. Chari, MD
Surgical Oncologist, Vanderbilt University A. Benedict Cosimi, MD
Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee Claude E. Welch Professor of Surgery,
Extracorporeal Xenogeneic Liver Support Harvard Medical School; Chief,
Transplantation Unit, Massachusetts
Michael R. Charlton, MD
General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Associate Professor of Medicine, William J.
New Approaches in Immunosuppression
Von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo
Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Terianne Cowling, BA
Minnesota Research Associate, Baylor University
Late Complications of Liver Transplantation Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
and Recurrence of Disease Long-Term Functional Recovery and Quality
of Life: Childhood, Adulthood,
Pauline W. Chen, MD
Employment, Pregnancy, and Family
Assistant Professor, Division of Liver and
Planning
Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen
School of Medicine at UCLA; Surgeon, Jeffrey S. Crippin, MD
Dumont-UCLA Liver Cancer Center and Professor of Medicine and Medical Director
Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, of Liver Transplantation, Washington
Los Angeles, California University in St. Louis School of
Treatment of Acute and Chronic Rejection Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
Transplantation for Sclerosing Cholangitis
Wing S. Cheung, MD, MBA
Staff, Harvard Medical School; Research David C. Cronin II, MD, PhD, FACS
Fellow and Resident in General Surgery, Associate Professor and Director, Liver
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Transplantation, Department of Surgery,
Massachusetts Yale University School of Medicine,
Development of Bioartificial Liver New Haven, Connecticut
Ethics of Living Donor Liver
Srinath Chinnakotla, MBBS, MCh
Transplantation
Attending Transplant Surgeon, Baylor
University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas Natividad Cuende, MD, PhD
Induction and Maintenance of Medical Staff, Organizacion Nacional de
Immunosuppression Transplantes, Madrid, Spain
Liver Organ Allocation: The European
Byung-Ho Choe, MD, PhD
Models
Associate Professor, Section of
Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Timothy J. Davern II, MD
Kyungpook National University School of Associate Professor of Medicine, University
Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea of California, San Francisco, School of
Transplantation for Cholestatic Liver Medicine; Attending Hepatologist, UCSF
Disease in the Pediatric Patient Medical Center, San Francisco, California
Molecular and Cellular Basis of Hepatic
Pierre-Alain Clavien, MD, PhD
Failure
Chairman, Department of Visceral and
Transplantation Surgery, University of Gary L. Davis, MD
Zurich Faculty of Medicine; Chairman, Director, Division of Hepatology, Baylor
Department of Visceral and University Medical Center; Medical
Transplantation Surgery, Cantonal Director, Liver Transplantation, Baylor
Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Regional Transplant Institute, Dallas, Texas
Principles of Liver Preservation Natural History of Hepatitis C
viii Contributors
Jean de Ville de Goyet, MD, PhD, FRCS Bijan Eghtesad, MD
Professor of Surgery, Université Catholique Associate Professor of Surgery, University
de Louvain; Director of Abdominal of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,
Transplant and Pediatric Surgery Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Department, St. Luc University Hospital, Cell Migration, Chimerism, and Graft
Brussels, Belgium Acceptance, With Particular Reference to
Split-Liver Transplantation for the Pediatric the Liver
and Adult Recipient
Karan Emerick, MD
Massimo Del Gaudio, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics,
Professor, Université Paris-Sud; Northwestern University Feinberg School
Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France of Medicine; Attending Physician,
Split-Liver Transplantation for Two Adults Division of Gastroenterology,
Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department
Anthony J. Demetris, MD
of Pediatrics, Children’s Memorial
Professor of Pathology, University of
Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Director,
General Criteria for Pediatric
Division of Transplantation Pathology,
Transplantation
Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation
Institute, University of Pittsburgh Jean C. Emond, MD
Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Thomas S. Zimmer Professor of Surgery,
Pennsylvania Columbia University College of
Histological Patterns of Rejection and Other Physicians and Surgeons; Vice Chairman
Causes of Liver Dysfunction; Cell of Transplantation and Chief of
Migration, Chimerism, and Graft Transplantation, Center for
Acceptance, With Particular Reference to Liver Disease and Transplantation,
the Liver New York-Presbyterian Hospital,
New York, New York
Niraj M. Desai, MD
Surgical Anatomy of the Liver; Outcomes of
Assistant Professor of Surgery, Washington
Living Donor Liver Transplantation;
University in St. Louis School of
Postoperative Care of Pediatric Liver
Medicine; Staff Surgeon, Barnes-Jewish
Transplant Recipients
Hospital and St. Louis Children’s
Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri Carlos O. Esquivel, MD, PhD
Portal Vein Thrombosis and Other Venous Arnold and Barbara Silverman Professor of
Anomalies in Liver Transplantation Pediatric Transplantation, Professor of
Surgery, and Associate Director, Institute
Sonu Dhillon, MD
on Immunity, Transplantation, and
Fellow in Gastroenterology, Loyola
Infection, Stanford University School of
University Medical Center, Maywood,
Medicine; Chief, Division of
Illinois
Transplantation, and Director of Liver
Unusual Indications for Liver
and Intestinal Transplantation, Stanford
Transplantation
Hospital & Clinics, and Lucile Salter
E. Roland Dickson, MD Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford
Mary Lowell Leary Professor of Medicine, University Medical Center, Palo Alto,
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; California
Consultant, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Results: Survival and Quality of Life After
Rochester, Minnesota Orthotopic Liver Transplantation in
Liver Transplantation for Primary Biliary Children
Cirrhosis
Idris V. R. Evans, MSc
Vivek Dixit, PhD Professor, Department of Epidemiology,
Professor of Medicine, Department of University of Pittsburgh Graduate School
Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, of Public Health, Pittsburgh,
David Geffen School of Medicine at Pennsylvania
UCLA, Los Angeles, California U.S. Trends in Liver Transplantation,
Hepatocyte Transplantation in Liver Disease 1988 to 2001
Contributors ix
Douglas G. Farmer, MD Ira J. Fox, MD
Associate Professor of Surgery, David Charles W. McLaughlin Professor of
Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Surgery, University of Nebraska College
Director, Intestinal Transplantation Center, of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Xenotransplantation and the Liver
California
Richard B. Freeman, Jr., MD
Liver Transplantation and Situs Inversus
Professor of Surgery, Tufts University
Scott A. Fink, MD, MPH School of Medicine; Surgeon, Division of
Clinical Fellow, Harvard Medical School; Transplant Surgery, Tufts-New England
Clinical Fellow, Division of Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women’s Liver Allocation: The U.S. Model
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
J. Mark Fulmer, MD
Current Indications, Contraindications,
Staff Radiologist, Baylor University Medical
Delisting Criteria, and Timing for Liver
Center; President, American Radiology
Transplantation
Associates, P.A., Dallas, Texas
Sander S. Florman, MD Transplantation for Primary Hepatic
Assistant Professor of Surgery and Malignancy; Transplantation for
Pediatrics and Associate Residency Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Program Director, Tulane University
John J. Fung, MD, PhD
School of Medicine; Director of Liver
Professor of Surgery, Department of
Transplantation, Tulane University
General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic
Hospital and Clinic, New Orleans,
Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
Louisiana
History of Liver and Multivisceral
Adult Living Donor Hepatectomy and
Transplantation; Cell Migration,
Recipient Operation
Chimerism, and Graft Acceptance,
Constantino Fondevila, MD, PhD With Particular Reference to the Liver
Assistant Researcher, Division of Liver and
Sunil K. Geevarghese, MD
Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen
Division of Surgical Oncology, Division of
School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles,
Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver
California; Transplant Surgeon,
Transplantation, Vanderbilt Transplant
Liver Unit, Digestive Disease Institute
Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer
University of Barcelona Hospital Clinic,
Center, Vanderbilt University School of
Barcelona, Spain
Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
Donor Selection and Management;
Management of Portal Hypertensive
Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury of the Liver
Hemorrhage in the Era of Liver
Paulo Fontes, MD Transplantation
Assistant Professor of Surgery, University
Magdalene M. George, PhD
of Pittsburgh School of Medicine;
Research Associate, St. Luke’s Medical
Co-Director, Liver Transplantation,
Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation
Unusual Indications for Liver
Institute, University of Pittsburgh
Transplantation
Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Cell Migration, Chimerism, and Graft Till Gerling, MD, PhD
Acceptance, With Particular Reference to Medical Staff, Eurotransplant International
the Liver Foundation, Leiden, The Netherlands
Liver Organ Allocation: The European Models
John L. R. Forsythe, MBBS, MD,
FRCS(Ed), FRCS(Eng) Rafik M. Ghobrial, MD, PhD
Senior Lecturer, University of Edinburgh Professor of Surgery, Division of Liver and
Faculty of Medicine, Edinburgh; Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen
Consultant Transplant Surgeon and School of Medicine at UCLA,
Clinical Director, Royal Infirmary of Los Angeles, California
Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland Donor Selection and Management; Outcome
Liver Organ Allocation: The European Models Predictors in Liver Transplantation
x Contributors
Antoinette S. Gomes, MD Jeanette Hasse, PhD, RD, FADA, CNSD
Professor, Radiological Sciences and Transplant Nutrition Specialist, Transplant
Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine Services, Baylor University Medical
at UCLA; Physician, Cardiovascular and Center, Dallas, Texas
Interventional Radiology, UCLA Medical Nutritional Aspects of Adult Liver
Center, Los Angeles, California Transplantation
Radiologic Evaluation in the Liver
Paul H. Hayashi, MD
Transplant Patient
Transplant Hepatology Fellow, University of
Thomas A. Gonwa, MD, FACP Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver,
Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College Colorado
of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Donor and Recipient Evaluation and
Medical Director, Kidney/Pancreas Selection for Adult-to-Adult Right Hepatic
Transplantation, and Director, Division of Lobe Liver Transplantation
Transplant Medicine, Department of
Transplantation Mayo Clinic Jacksonville Martin Hertl, MD
and St. Luke’s Hospital, Jacksonville, Assistant Professor of Surgery, Harvard
Florida Medical School; Surgical Director,
Pretransplantation Evaluation: Pulmonary, Liver Transplantation, Massachusetts
Cardiac, and Renal General Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts
Sherilyn A. Gordon, MD
New Approaches in Immunosuppression
Assistant Professor of Surgery, Division of
Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Jonathan R. Hiatt, MD
David Geffen School of Medicine at Professor of Surgery and Director of
UCLA; Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Surgical Education, Division of Liver and
Los Angeles, California Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen
Surgical Anatomy of the Liver; Arterial School of Medicine at UCLA,
Complications After Liver Transplantation Los Angeles, California
Michael D. Green, MD, MPH Influence of Liver Transplantation on Liver
Professor of Pediatrics and Surgery, Surgery; Management of Portal
University of Pittsburgh School of Hypertensive Hemorrhage in the Era of
Medicine; Staff, Children’s Hospital of Liver Transplantation
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Ryutaro Hirose, MD, FACS
Pretransplantation Infectious Disease
Assistant Professor in Residence, Division
Screening for Liver Transplantation:
of Transplantation, Department of
Candidates and Donors
Surgery, University of California,
Raza Hamdani, MD San Francisco, School of Medicine,
Staff Hepatologist, St. Luke’s Medical San Francisco, California
Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Novel Immunosuppressive Agents
Unusual Indications for Liver
Transplantation Garrett M. Hisatake, MD
Surgeon, Department of Transplantation,
Michael J. Hanaway, MD
California Pacific Medical Center,
Director of Pancreas Transplantation,
San Francisco, California
Department of Surgery, University of
Influence of Liver Transplantation on Liver
Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati,
Surgery
Ohio
Transplant-Related Malignancies
Curtis D. Holt, PharmD
Rick Harrison, MD Associate Clinical Professor, Department of
Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, David Surgery, David Geffen School of
Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles;
Co-Director, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Associate Clinical Professor,
Mattel Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, University of California, San Francisco,
California School of Pharmacy, San Francisco,
Postoperative Intensive Care Management California
in Children Infections After Liver Transplantation
Contributors xi
Yukihiro Inomata, MD Goran B. Klintmalm, MD, PhD
Professor and Director, Kumamoto Chairman and Chief, Baylor Regional
University Faculty of Medicine and Transplant Institute; Director,
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Transplantation Services; Director,
Pediatric Surgery, Kumamoto, Japan Dallas Liver Transplant Program,
Living Related Liver Transplantation in Baylor University Medical Center,
Pediatric Recipients Dallas, Texas
Transplantation for Primary Hepatic
Sheila Jowsey, MD
Malignancy; Transplantation for Budd-
Assistant Professor, Mayo Clinic College of
Chiari Syndrome; The Recipient
Medicine; Consultant, Saint Mary’s
Hepatectomy and Grafting; Combined
Hospital and Rochester Methodist
Liver-Kidney Transplantation;
Hospital, Rochester, Minnesota
Postoperative Intensive Care Unit
Psychosocial Assessment of Adult Liver
Management: Adult Liver Transplant
Transplant Recipients
Recipients; Postoperative Management
Oded Jurim, MD Beyond the Intensive Care Unit: Adults;
Staff, Hadassah University Medical Center, Induction and Maintenance of
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Immunosuppression; Outcome
Jerusalem, Israel Predictors in Liver Transplantation;
Retransplantation Long-Term Functional Recovery and
Igal Kam, MD Quality of Life: Childhood, Adulthood,
Professor, Division of Transplant Surgery, Employment, Pregnancy, and Family
University of Colorado School of Planning
Medicine; Chief, Liver Transplantation,
Gregg Kunder, BS, BSN, CCTC
University of Colorado Health Sciences
Transplant Coordinator, The Pfleger Liver
Center, Denver, Colorado
Institute and Dumont–UCLA Transplant
Donor and Recipient Evaluation and
Center, UCLA Medical Center,
Selection for Adult-to-Adult Right Hepatic
Los Angeles, California
Lobe Liver Transplantation
Role of the Posttransplant Coordinator
Tomoaki Kato, MD
Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Surgery, University of
Professor of Surgery and Pathology,
Miami College of Medicine, Miami, Florida
David Geffen School of Medicine at
Transplantation of the Liver with Digestive
UCLA; Director, Dumont-UCLA
Organs
Transplantation Research Laboratories,
Cesar A. Keller, MD, FCCP
Los Angeles, California
Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College
Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury of
of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota;
the Liver
Medical Director, Heart-Lung and Lung
Transplant Program, Transplant Center, Chi Lai, MD
Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida Transplant Pathology Fellow, University of
Pretransplantation Evaluation: Pulmonary, Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh,
Cardiac, and Renal Pennsylvania
Histological Patterns of Rejection and Other
W. Ray Kim, MD, MBA
Causes of Liver Dysfunction
Associate Professor of Medicine, Mayo
Clinic College of Medicine; Consultant,
John Lake, MD
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Professor of Medicine and Surgery,
Liver Transplantation for Primary Biliary
University of Minnesota Medical School–
Cirrhosis
Minneapolis; Director, Division of
Cindy J. Kin, BA Gastroenterology, Hepatology and
Medical Student, Columbia University Nutrition; Director, Liver Transplantation
College of Physicians and Surgeons, Program, Fairview-University
New York, New York Medical Center, Minneapolis,
Outcomes of Living Donor Liver Minnesota
Transplantation Hepatitis C and Liver Transplantation
xii Contributors
Charles R. Lassman, MD, PhD David S. K. Lu, MD
Associate Professor of Pathology and Professor of Radiology, David Geffen
Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Director,
School of Medicine at UCLA; Chief, Computed Tomography, and Chief,
Hepatobiliary Pathology, Chief, Renal Cross Sectional Interventional Service,
Pathology, and Associate Chief, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles,
Autopsy Pathology, UCLA Medical California
Center, Los Angeles, California Imaging Techniques in Living Donor
Pathology of Recurrence of Non-Neoplastic Transplantation
Disease After Liver Transplantation
Zhengbin Lu, MD, PhD
Susan M. Lerner, MD
Hepatic and Gastric Pathologist,
Assistant Professor of Surgery and Director,
Ameripath, Inc., Indianapolis,
Surgery Clerkship, Penn State University
Indiana
College of Medicine; Surgical Director,
Histological Patterns of Rejection and Other
Liver Transplantation, Penn State Milton S.
Causes of Liver Dysfunction
Hershey Medical Center, Hershey,
Pennsylvania
Michael R. Lucey, MD, FRCPI
Retransplantation
Professor of Medicine, Department of
Marlon F. Levy, MD Medicine, University of Wisconsin
Assistant Director and Transplant Surgeon, Medical School; Chief, Section of
Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
Texas; Surgical Director of Transplantation, University Hospital and Clinic,
Baylor All Saints Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin
Fort Worth, Texas Liver Transplantation for Alcoholic
Long-Term Functional Recovery and Quality Liver Disease
of Life: Childhood, Adulthood,
Employment, Pregnancy, and Family Martin L. Mai, MD
Planning; Extracorporeal Xenogeneic Assistant Professor of Medicine, Mayo
Liver Support Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester,
Minnesota; Consultant, Department of
S. David Li, MD
Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville,
Staff, Immanuel St. Joseph’s-Mayo Health
Florida
System, Mankato, Minnesota
Pretransplantation Evaluation: Pulmonary,
Unusual Indications for Liver Transplantation
Cardiac, and Renal
Piyaporn Limanond, MD
Instructor, Department of Radiology, Cosme Y. Manzarbeitia, MD, FACS
Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine; Chairman, Division of Transplantation,
Radiologist, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, and Director, Liver Transplantation and
Thailand Hepatobiliary Surgery Program,
Imaging Techniques in Living Donor Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein
Transplantation Medical Center, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
Gerald S. Lipshutz, MD, MS
Non–Heart-Beating Donor Liver
Assistant Professor of Surgery, Division of
Transplantation
Liver and Pancreas Transplantation,
David Geffen School of Medicine at
Amadeo Marcos, MD
UCLA, Los Angeles, California
Professor of Surgery, University of
Rejection After Transplantation
Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Clinical
Steven J. Lobritto, MD Director of Transplantation, Thomas E.
Associate Professor of Medicine and Starzl Transplantation Institute,
Pediatrics, Columbia University College University of Pittsburgh Medical Center,
of Physicians and Surgeons; Pediatric Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Medical Director, New York-Presbyterian History of Liver and Multivisceral
Hospital, New York, New York Transplantation; Cell Migration,
Postoperative Care of Pediatric Liver Chimerism, and Graft Acceptance,
Transplant Recipients with Particular Reference to the Liver
Contributors xiii
Victor J. Marder, MD Charles M. Miller, MD
Professor of Clinical Medicine, David Associate Professor of Surgery, Cleveland
Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Clinic Lerner College of Medicine,
Director, Vascular Medicine Program, Case Western Reserve University;
Orthopaedic Hospital, Los Angeles, Director, Liver Transplantation,
California Department of General Surgery,
Liver Transplantation for Hematological Cleveland Clinic Foundation,
Disorders Cleveland, Ohio
Adult Living Donor Hepatectomy and
Carlos Margarit, MD, PhD
Recipient Operation
Professor of Surgery, Universidad
Autonoma de Barcelona; Director, Liver
J. Michael Millis, MD
Transplantation Unit, Hospital Vall
Professor of Surgery, The University of
Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine;
Liver Organ Allocation: The European
Chief, Section of Transplantation,
Models; Auxiliary Liver Transplantation
The University of Chicago Hospitals,
James Markmann, MD, PhD Chicago, Illinois
Associate Professor of Surgery, University Transplantation for Biliary Atresia
of Pennsylvania School of Medicine;
Ayse L. Mindikoglu, MD
Surgeon, University of Pennsylvania
AASLD Research Fellow, University of
Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Miami School of Medicine, Center for
Retransplantation
Liver Disease; Research Fellow,
Suzanne V. McDiarmid, MD Miami VA Medical Center, Miami,
Professor of Pediatrics and Surgery, David Florida
Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Unusual Indications for Liver
Director, Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Transplantation
ULCA Medical Center, Los Angeles,
California Marida Minervini
Liver Transplantation for Metabolic Disease; Staff, University of Pittsburgh
Special Considerations for Pediatric Medical Center; Pittsburgh,
Immunosuppression After Liver Pennsylvania
Transplantation Histological Patterns of Rejection and Other
Causes of Liver Dysfunction
K. V. Narayanan Menon, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine,
Bianca Miranda, MD, PhD
William J. Von Liebig Transplant Center,
Medical Director, Organizacion Nacional de
Mayo Medical School, Rochester,
Trasplantes, Madrid, Spain
Minnesota
Liver Organ Allocation: The European
Late Complications of Liver Transplantation
Models
and Recurrence of Disease
Ernesto P. Molmenti, MD, PhD
William C. Meyers, MD
Associate Professor of Surgery,
Professor of Surgery, Duke University
Transplantation and General
School of Medicine; Associate Director,
Surgery, Johns Hopkins University
Endosurgical Center, Duke University
School of Medicine; Consultant,
Medical Center, Durham,
Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore,
North Carolina
Maryland
Extracorporeal Xenogeneic Liver Support
Clinical Management of the Necrotic Liver
Marian G. Michaels, MD, MPH During Transplantation
Associate Professor of Pediatrics and
Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School Ferdinand Mühlbacher, MD
of Medicine; Staff, Children’s Hospital of Professor of Surgery, Medical University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Vienna; Staff, Vienna General Hospital,
Pretransplantation Infectious Disease Vienna, Austria
Screening for Liver Transplantation: Liver Transplantation for Metastases of the
Candidates and Donors Liver
