Table Of ContentTranslational
Regulation of Gene
Expression 2
Translational
Regulation of Gene
Expression 2
Edited by
Joseph Ilan
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Llbrary of Congress Cataloglng-ln-Publlcatlon Data
Translatlonal regulatlon of gene expressl0n 2 I edlted by 00seph
Ilan.
p. cm.
Inc 1u des b 1b 11 ograph 1c a 1 references and 1n dex.
ISBN 978-1-4613-6254-8 ISBN 978-1-4615-2894-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-2894-4
1. Genetlc translatlon. 2. Genetlc regulat\on. 3. Gene
expresSl on. 1. Il an. 0oseph.
QH450.5.T733 1993
574.87·3223--dc20 93-17794
CIP
ISBN 978-1-4613-6254-8
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press New York in 1993
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1993
Ali rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, Of transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
Contributors
DONALD D. ANTHONY • Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case
Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4935
G. ARROYO· Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras,
Puerto Rico 00931
ROSTOM BABLANIAN • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY,
Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York 11203
G. C. CANDELAS • Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio
Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931
C. CARRASCO· Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras,
Puerto Rico 00931
E. CARRASQUILLO· Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio
Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931
JANE-JANE CHEN· Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of
Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
A. MARK CrGAN • Section on Molecular Genetics of Lower Eukaryotes, Labora
tory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human
Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
BANSIDHAR DATTA • Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln,
Nebraska 68588-0304
v
vi Contributors
THOMAS E. DEVER • Section on Molecular Genetics of Lower Eukaryotes,
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and
Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
THOMAS F. DONAHUE • Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloom
ington, Indiana 47405
MARK E. DUMONT • Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and
Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
LAN FENG • Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
47405
ROBERT M. FREDERICKSON' Department of Biochemistry and McGill Cancer
Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
GHANASHYAM D. GHADGE • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical School,
Chicago, Illinois 60611
MARIANNE GRUNBERG-MANAGO • Institut de Biologie Physico-Chemique,
75005 Paris, France
NABA K. GUPTA' Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln,
Nebraska 68588-0304
BOYD HARDESTY • Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Clayton
Foundation Biochemical Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin,
Texas 78712
1. WOODLAND HASTINGS • Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology,
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
G. WESLEY HATFIELD' Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics,
College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92717
ALAN G. HINNEBUSCH • Section on Molecular Genetics of Lower Eukaryotes,
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and
Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
20892
ARA G. HOVANESSIAN • Unite de Virologie et Immunologie Cellulaire (UA CNRS
1157), Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
JOSEPH ILAN • Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of
Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
M. IRIZARRY' Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras,
Puerto Rico 00931
Contributors vii
ROGER L. KASPAR • Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington 98133
GISELA KRAMER • Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Clayton
Foundation Biochemical Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin,
Texas 78712
WIESLAW KUDLICKI • Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Clayton
Foundation Biochemical Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin,
Texas 78712
DONG-HEE LEE • Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
SUSAN LINDQUIST • Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Mo
lecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
60637
WILLIAM C. MERRICK • Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case
Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4935
MARIA MITTAG • Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
RICHARD P. MOERSCHELL • Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine
and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642; present address: Institute for
Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan.
DAVID R. MORRIS' Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington 98133
KNUD H. NIERHAUS • Max-Planck-Institut fUr Molekulare Genetik, D-1000
Berlin 33, Germany
A. PLAZAOLA • Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras,
Puerto Rico 00931
CLAUDE PORTIER' Institut de Biologie Physico-Chemique, 75005 Paris, France
FRITH! RAJAN • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Robert H.
Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago,
Illinois 60611
MANAS K. RAy • Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln,
Nebraska 68588-0304
ANANDA L. Roy • Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln,
Nebraska 68588-0304
viii Contributors
ALEXEY G. RYAZANOV • Institute of Protein Research, Academy of Sciences of
Russia, 142292, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; and Department of
Pharmacology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway,
New Jersey 08854
KATHERINE T. SCHMEIDLER-SAPIRO • Department of Biological Sciences, Cali
fornia State University-Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840
ROBERT J. SCHNEIDER • Department of Biochemistry and Kaplan Cancer Center,
New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
STEVEN SCZEKAN • Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Har
vard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
FRED SHERMAN • Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of
Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
NAHUM SONENBERG • Department of Biochemistry and McGill Cancer Centre,
McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G lY6
ALEXANDER S. SPIRIN • Institute of Protein Research, Academy of Sciences of
Russia, 142292, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
ROLF STERNGLANZ • Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York
at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794
SATHYAMANGALAM SWAMINATHAN • Department of Microbiology and Immu
nology, and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medi
cal School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
DIETER TECHEL • Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
BAYAR THIMMAPAYA • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Ro
bert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical School,
Chicago, Illinois 60611
FRANCISCO TRIANA· Max-Planck-Institut fUr Molekulare Genetik, D-1000 Ber
lin 33, Germany
SUSUMU TSUNASAWA • Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita,
Osaka 565, Japan
WILLIAM E. WALDEN • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Univer
sity of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612
RONALD C. WEK • Section on Molecular Genetics of Lower Eukaryotes, Labora
tory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human
Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Contributors ix
MICHAEL W. WHITE • Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana
State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717
YAN ZHANG • Department of Biochemistry and Kaplan Cancer Center, New York
University Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
Preface
This book, which results from the dramatic increase in interest in the control
mechanism employed in gene expression and the importance of the regulated
proteins, presents new information not covered in Translational Regulation of
Gene Expression, which was published in 1987. It is not a revision of the earlier
book but, rather, an extension of that volume witl, special emphasis on mecha
nIsm.
As the reader will discover, there is enormous diversity in the systems
employing genes for translational regulation in order to regulate the appearance
of the final product-the protein. Thus, we find that important proteins such as
protooncogenes, growth factors, stress proteins, cytokines, lymphokines, iron
storage and iron-uptake proteins, and a panorama of prokaryotic proteins, as
well as eukaryotic viral proteins, are translationally regulated. Since for some
gene products the degree of control is greater by a few orders of magnitude than
their transcription, we can state that for these genes, at least, the expression is
translationall y controlled.
Translational regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes has emerged in the
last few years as a major research field. The present book describes mechanisms of
translational regulation in bacteria, yeast, and eukaryotic viruses, as well as in
eukaryotic genes. In this book we try to provide in-depth coverage by including
important examples from each group rather than systematically including all
additional systems not described in the previous volume.
The first paper on translational regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes
appeared in 1970 (Han, 1., Han, 1., and Patel, N., 1970, Mechanism of gene
expression in Tenebrio molitor-Juvenile hormone determination of translational
control through transfer ribonucleic acid and enzyme, J BioI. Chern. 245:1275-
1281). In this publication, translational control, mRNA stability during develop-
xi
xii Preface
ment, codon bias, and hormonal involvement in translational regulation were
described for the first time. This paper was greeted with skepticism since the
thinking at that time was based on the model for transcriptional control of gene
expression suggested by F. Jacob and 1. Monod emphasizing that mRNA must be a
short-lived intermediate. The reviewers of the 1970 paper considered the described
mechanism with disbelief, disregarding the experimental evidence. Our descrip
tion of the role of isoacceptor tRNA in translational regulation in insects has been
rediscovered 20 years later by the groups of Lazrini and Candelas (see Chapter 12
in this volume).
I would like to thank the contributors for their considerable patience and
labor. I think the final product will satisfy contributors and readers alike.
Joseph Han
Cleveland, Ohio
