Table Of ContentTranslation under Fascism
Also by Christopher Rundle
PUBLISHING TRANSLATIONS IN FASCIST ITALY (2010)
Also by Kate Sturge
‘THE ALIEN WITHIN’: TRANSLATION INTO GERMAN DURING THE NAZI
REGIME (2004)
REPRESENTING OTHERS: TRANSLATION, ETHNOGRAPHY AND
THE MUSEUM (2007)
Translation under Fascism
Edited by
Christopher Rundle
University of Bologna, Italy
and
Kate Sturge
Aston University, UK
Selection and editorial matter © Christopher Rundle and Kate Sturge 2010
Chapters © their individual authors 2010
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2010 978-0-230-20354-9
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First published 2010 by
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ISBN 978-1-349-30138-6 ISBN 978-0-230-29244-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230292444
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Translation under fascism / edited by Christopher Rundle, Kate Sturge.
p. cm.
Summary: “The history of translation has focused on literary work but
this book demonstrates the way in which political control can influence and
be influenced by translation choices. In this book, new research and specially
commissioned essays give access to existing research projects which at
present are either scattered or unavailable in English”— Provided by publisher.
1. Translating and interpreting—Political aspects—Europe—History—
20th century. 2. Fascism—Europe—History—20th century. I. Rundle,
Christopher, 1963– II. Sturge, Kate.
P306.8.E85T74 2010
418'.0209409043—dc22
2010027557
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
Contents
List of Figures and Tables vii
Notes on Contributors viii
Part I Introduction 1
1 Translation and the History of Fascism 3
Christopher Rundle and Kate Sturge
Part II Overview Essays 13
2 Translation in Fascist Italy: ‘The Invasion of Translations’ 15
Christopher Rundle
3 ‘Flight from the Programme of National Socialism’?
Translation in Nazi Germany 51
Kate Sturge
4 It Was What It Wasn’t: Translation and Francoism 84
Jeroen Vandaele
5 Translation in Portugal during the Estado Novo Regime 117
Teresa Seruya
Part III Case Studies 145
6 Literary Exchange between Italy and Germany:
German Literature in Italian Translation 147
Mario Rubino
7 The Einaudi Publishing House and Fascist Policy
on Translations 178
Francesca Nottola
8 French–German and German–French Poetry
Anthologies 1943–45 201
Frank-Rutger Hausmann
9 Safe Shakespeare: Performing Shakespeare during the
Portuguese Fascist Dictatorship (1926–74) 215
Rui Pina Coelho
v
vi Contents
Part IV Response 233
10 The Boundaries of Dictatorship 235
Matthew Philpotts
Bibliography 252
Index 270
List of Figures and Tables
Figures
3.1 Numbers of translated titles by year 53
3.2 Trends in source languages 56
3.3 ‘The World of the Book’: Frontispiece of
Langenbucher (1938) 60
5.1 Number of translated authors published per decade 125
5.2 Translated titles per decade 126
Tables
2.1 Total book production and number of translations
published in Italy, France and Germany 17
2.2 Proportion of translations in average yearly book
production: Italy, France and Germany 19
2.3 Number of translations into and from Italian and German 19
2.4 Proportion of translations in average yearly book
production in Italy: breakdown for narrative literature 21
4.1 Numbers of copies permitted for Kant translations 95
4.2 The translated plays most frequently presented to the
censors, 1936–62 107
vii
Notes on Contributors
Rui Pina Coelho is a researcher at the Centre for Theatre Studies of the
University of Lisbon and lectures at the Advanced School for Theatre
and Cinema (also in Lisbon). He is a member of the Editorial Board of
the journal Sinais de cena, a member of the Executive of the Portuguese
Association of Theatre Critics and a theatre critic in the national
Portuguese daily newspaper Público. He is the author of Casa da Comédia:
Um palco para uma ideia de teatro (Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional – Casa da
Moeda, 2009).
Frank-Rutger Hausmann is the author of a respected study of the Nazi-
sponsored European Writers’ Association, ‘Dichte, Dichter, tage nicht!’
Die Europäische Schriftsteller-Vereinigung in Weimar 1941–1948, Frankfurt
2004. Professor Hausmann has published extensively on the history of
the humanities and literary exchange under Nazi rule. He held a chair
in Romance Studies at the University of Freiburg, Germany, until his
retirement in 2006.
Francesca Nottola is currently preparing her Ph.D. dissertation in Italian
Studies at the University of Manchester in the UK. Her research interests
centre on the history of publishing and translation in early t wentieth-
century Italy, with a focus on issues of gender and modernity and on
the interplay between imported cultural products, fascist discourse and
Italian society.
Matthew Philpotts is a senior lecturer in German Studies at the
University of Manchester. His principal research interests are cultural
policy and artistic practice in the German dictatorships; literary journals
and cultural change in the twentieth century; theories of authorship
and the literary field. Among other publications, he is co-author of
Sinn und Form: The Anatomy of a Literary Journal (Berlin/ NY: De Gruyter,
2009) and The Modern Restoration: Re-Thinking German Literary History
1930–1960 (Berlin/NY: De Gruyter, 2004), and author of The Margins
of Dictatorship: Assent and Dissent in the Work of Günter Eich and Bertolt
Brecht (Oxford: Peter Lang, 2003).
Mario Rubino is Professor of Modern German Literature at the University
of Palermo. His main research interests are the age of Goethe, the history
of German studies in Italy and the reception of German literature in
viii
Notes on Contributors ix
Italy. He has edited and translated works by Schönberg, Enzensberger,
Beer-Hofmann, Jean Paul and Fallada. Recent publications include I mille
demoni della modernità (Palermo: Flaccovio, 2002); ‘La falsa ripartenza.
Wolfgang Staudte: Die Mörder sind unter uns’ in M. Galli (ed.) Da Caligari
a Good Bye, Lenin! Storia e cinema in Germania (Florence: Le Lettere, 2004);
‘La Neue Sachlichkeit e il romanzo italiano degli anni Trenta’ in F. Petroni
and M. Tortora (eds), Gli intellettuali italiani e l’Europa (1903–1956) (Lecce:
Manni, 2007).
Christopher Rundle is a researcher in Translation Studies at the Faculty
for Interpreters and Translators (SSLMIT), University of Bologna, Italy. He
is also Honorary Research Fellow in Translation and Italian Studies at the
School of Languages, Linguistics and Cultures, University of Manchester,
UK. His main research interests lie in translation history, with a special
focus on translation and Fascism, a subject on which he has published
extensively. He is the author of the monograph Publishing Translations in
Fascist Italy (Oxford: Peter Lang, 2010). He is a coordinating editor of the
online translation journal inTRAlinea (www.intralinea.it).
Teresa Seruya is full professor in the Department of Germanic Studies at
the Arts Faculty of the University of Lisbon, where she teaches Germanic
literature and culture, are the history of translation and translation
theory. Her main research areas are the history of translation in Portugal
in the twentieth century and contemporary migration literature in
German-speaking countries. She has published on literature and culture
in the German language, the history of Germanic Studies in Portugal
and the history of translation in Portugal. She has translated works by
Goethe, Kleist, Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Döblin, Thomas Mann and
Kafka. She is currently responsible for the projects ‘Intercultural Literature
in Portugal 1930–2000: a Critical Bibliography’, and ‘Translation and
Censorship in Portugal during the Estado Novo Regime’.
Kate Sturge, Ph.D. in Comparative Literature at University College,
London (2000), is a visiting senior lecturer in Translation Studies and
German at Aston University, Birmingham, and a freelance translator in
Berlin. Her research interests are in translation in Nazi Germany and
translation as a mode of cultural representation. As well as articles, she
has published ‘The Alien Within’: Translation into German during the Nazi
Regime (Munich: iudicium, 2004) and Representing Others: Translation,
Ethnography and the Museum (Manchester: St Jerome, 2007). With
Michaela Wolf, she is co-editor of the Routledge journal Translation
Studies (www.tandf.co.uk/journals/rtrs).
