Table Of ContentTransition in Central and Eastern Europe
EU-LDC Trade and Capital Relations Series
The EU-LDC Trade and Capital Relations Series publishes the proceedings
of the EU-LDC Trade and Capital Relations Network's annual workshops.
Thanks to a grant from the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the
Network was established at the Netherlands Economic Institute to monitor
relations between the European Union and less developed countries. The
activities of the Network include: (i) publication of a quarterly newsletter
EU-LDC News, which highlights recent developments; (ii) workshops,
which focus on strategic issues and (iii) publication of the workshops'
proceedings. The activities of the Network are managed by a Network Team
and supervised by a Steering Committee.
Steering Committee
Chairman
Rolf Langhammer
Michael Green
K. Ad Koekkoek
Arie Kuyvenhoven
Patricio Meller
Patrick A. Messerlin
Willem T.M. Molle
Christopher Stevens
Secretary
Nico van der Windt
Network Team at the Netherlands Economic Institute
Olga Memedovic
Teus van Walderveen
Marrie de Kreek
Transition in Central and
Eastern Europe
Implications for
ED- LDC Relations
edited by
Arie Kuyvenhoven
Wageningen Agricultural University. Wageningen
and
The Netherlands Economic Institute
Olga Memedovic
The Netherlands Economic Institute
and
Nico van der Windt
The Netherlands Economic Institute
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-13: 978-94-010-7220-5 e-ISBN-I3: 978-94-009-1614-2
001: 10.1007/978-94-009-1614-2
Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates
the publishing programmes of
D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press.
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Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 1996 K1uwer Academic Publishers
Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1996
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
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retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
Contents
page
List off igures Xl
List of tables Xlll
Glossary xvii
Preface xxi
Foreword J.P. Pronk xxiii
Acknowledgements xxvii
List of contributors xxix
p ART ONE: OVERVIEW
1 Recent developments in EU-LDC relations: an overview 3
Olga Memedovic, Arie Kuyvenhoven,
Han Herderschee and Nico Van Der Windt
1 Introduction 3
2 EU-LDC trade and capital relations 4
3 European integration 12
4 EU trade policies towards LDCs and the CEECs 16
5 Conclusions 23
2 Are EU trade, investment and development assistance
being diverted from LDCs to CEECs? 27
Andreas Inotai
1 Introduction 27
2 The changed trade policy framework: the EAs 29
3 Trade impacts 33
4 Financial flows 45
5 Competition for FDI 48
6 More diversion ahead? 52
7 Conclusions 55
vi
Discussion 61
Jorge Chami Batista and Mauricio Mesquita Moreira
K. Ad Koekkoek
PART TWO: EUROPEAN UNION POLICIES
3 The role of regional trade and investment agreements 69
Victoria Curzon-Price
1 Regional trade agreements 69
2 Regional investment agreements 79
3 Conclusions 85
Discussion 89
J.E.O. Mwencha
Catrinus J. Jepma
4 The shaping of EU trade policies towards CEECs
and LDCs 95
Enzo R. Grilli
1 Structure and evolution of EU trade policies 95
2 Main instruments of EU protectionism 99
3 Has EU non-tariff protectionism increased? 106
4 The trade performance of LDCs and CEECs in
the EU market 115
5 Conclusions 121
Discussion 130
Arjun K. Sengupta
Patrick A. Messerlin
5 EU policy alternatives towards CEECs and LDCs 139
Alasdair Smith
1 The development of EU-CEEC trade since 1989 139
2 EU trade policy in the short run 143
3 EU -CEEC trade and trade policy in the longer run 145
4 Trade and income distribution 146
5 Future EU trade policy towards the CEECs 147
6 EU-LDC and EU-CEEC trade patterns 149
7 What are the implications for LDCs of the
development of EU-CEEC trade? 152
Discussion 154
Frances Ruane
Vll
PART THREE: SECTOR STUDIES
6 EU agricultural policy towards CEECs:
the impact on LDCs 163
Ulrich Koester
1 Introduction 163
2 Impact of capital transfer 165
3 Trade concessions 167
4 Technical assistance 176
5 Conclusions 177
Discussion 179
Rashad Cassim
Michiel A. Keyzer
7 The role of the MFA and the EAs in EU trade in
textiles and clothing with LDCs and CEECs 187
Rejik Erzan
1 Introduction 187
2 The impact of the MFA on the CEECs and LDCs in
1985-92 188
3 Developments in the early 1990s 195
4 Prospects and predictions 197
Discussion 204
Pham Xuan Ai
H.MA Onitiri
PART FOUR: COUNTRY STUDIES
8 The Europe Agreements and EU-LDC relations:
the case of France 211
Olivier Cadat and Jaime De Mela
1 Introduction 211
2 Aid and trade preferences under the Treaty of Rome
and Yaounde Conventions 214
3 Continuity in trade and aid relations under
the Lome Conventions 217
4 The political stakes in EU-LDC relations 220
5 The Europe Agreements: marginal trade preferences 222
Vin
6 Prospects for trade, investment and foreign aid
between France and the CEECs and their impact on
EU-ACP trade 228
7 CEECs' accession and EU budgetary pressures 233
8 Conclusions 234
Discussion 240
Ivan Mbirimi
Jacob Kol
9 The CEECs as a stepping-stone to the EU market
(with particular attention to Poland) 251
Elzbieta Kawecka-Wyrzykowska
1 Introduction 251
2 Economic transformation and trade liberalization 252
3 Towards a new role of foreign trade in the CEECs 254
4 Collapse of foreign trade in the CEECs 255
5 Impact of trade changes in the CEECs on LDC trade 258
6 Prospects for trade growth between CEECs and LDCs 259
7 Impact of the EAs on LDC trade 261
8 Challenges of the transformation period and the role
of the EAs for the CEECs 265
9 Re-integration in the CEECs and its prospects 267
10 GATTIWTO-forum of trade policy discipline 270
11 Conclusions 271
Discussion 277
Mohan Kumar
Chr. Stevens
lOAn inventory of Turkey's international trade and
investment agreements 285
Subidey Togan
1 Introduction 285
2 Turkey-EU Agreements 285
3 Relations between Turkey and other organizations 288
4 Turkey-Central Asia and Turkey-Azerbaijan 289
5 Protocol relating to trade negotiations amongst LDCs 289
Discussion 290
Zhou Sjijian
Patricio Meller
IX
11 Concluding remarks 297
Rolf J. Langhammer
1 What has been said 297
2 What has not been said 299
3 What could have been dealt with in more detail 301
Index 303
Figures
page
4.1 EU export restraints by sector and affected exporters 109
4.2 Long-tenn trends in EU trade 116
5.1 Schematic picture of possible evolution of CEEC
exports to the EU 156
5.2 Schematic picture of possible evolution of LDC-CEEC
exports to the EU market 157
6.1 Linkages between the policies of the EU, the CEECs
andLDCs 164
6.2 Exports of Poland, Hungary and the fonner Czechoslovakia
to the EU, 1990 171
6.3 Agricultural exports from the fonner Czechoslovakia,
Hungary and Poland to the EU 173
7.1a Restrictiveness of the MFA in the EU market, 1985-92 194
7.1h Restrictiveness of the MFA in the EU market, 1992 194
7.2 Per capita GNP of a selected group of countries and their
share of textiles and clothing in manufactured exports to
the OECD in 1992 200
Xl
