Transient Analysis of Power Systems: Solution Techniques, Tools and Applications

648 Pages·2015·17.81 MB·English

by  Juan A. Martinez-Velasco

TRANSIENT ANALYSIS
OF POWER SYSTEMS
SOLUTION TECHNIQUES,
TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS

EDITOR
JUAN A. MARTINEZ-VELASCO

TRANSIENT ANALYSIS
OF POWER SYSTEMS

TRANSIENT ANALYSIS
OF POWER SYSTEMS
SOLUTION TECHNIQUES, TOOLS
AND APPLICATIONS
Editedby
JuanA.Martinez-Velasco
UniversitatPolitecnicadeCatalunya
Barcelona,Spain
Thiseditionfirstpublished2015
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Martinez-Velasco,JuanA.
Transientanalysisofpowersystems:solutiontechniques,tools,andapplications/Dr.JuanA.Martinez-Velasco.
pagescm
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-118-35234-2(hardback)
1.Electricpowersystemstability. 2.Transients(Electricity)–Mathematicalmodels. I.Title.
TK1010.M372014
621.319′21–dc23 2014029300
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
ISBN:9781118352342
Setin9/11ptTimesbyAptaraInc.,NewDelhi,India
1 2015
Contents
Preface xv
AbouttheEditor xvii
ListofContributors xix
1 IntroductiontoElectromagneticTransientAnalysisofPowerSystems 1
JuanA.Martinez-Velasco
1.1 Overview 1
1.2 ScopeoftheBook 4
References 6
2 SolutionTechniquesforElectromagneticTransientsinPowerSystems 9
JeanMahseredjian,IlhanKocarandUlasKaraagac
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 ApplicationFieldfortheComputationofElectromagneticTransients 10
2.3 TheMainModules 11
2.4 GraphicalUserInterface 11
2.5 FormulationofNetworkEquationsforSteady-StateandTime-DomainSolutions 12
2.5.1 NodalAnalysisandModified-Augmented-Nodal-Analysis 13
2.5.2 State-SpaceAnalysis 20
2.5.3 HybridAnalysis 21
2.5.4 State-SpaceGroupsandMANA 25
2.5.5 IntegrationTime-Step 27
2.6 ControlSystems 28
2.7 MultiphaseLoad-FlowSolutionandInitialization 29
2.7.1 Load-FlowConstraints 31
2.7.2 InitializationofLoad-FlowEquations 33
2.7.3 InitializationfromSteady-StateSolution 33
2.8 Implementation 34
2.9 Conclusions 36
References 36
3 FrequencyDomainAspectsofElectromagneticTransientAnalysis
ofPowerSystems 39
Jose´L.Naredo,JeanMahseredjian,IlhanKocar,Jose´A.Gutie´rrez–Roblesand
JuanA.Martinez-Velasco
3.1 Introduction 39
vi Contents
3.2 FrequencyDomainBasics 40
3.2.1 PhasorsandFDRepresentationofSignals 40
3.2.2 FourierSeries 43
3.2.3 FourierTransform 46
3.3 Discrete-TimeFrequencyAnalysis 48
3.3.1 AliasingEffect 50
3.3.2 SamplingTheorem 51
3.3.3 ConservationofInformationandtheDFT 53
3.3.4 FastFourierTransform 54
3.4 Frequency-DomainTransientAnalysis 56
3.4.1 FourierTransformsandTransients 56
3.4.2 FourierandLaplaceTransforms 62
3.4.3 TheNumericalLaplaceTransform 63
3.4.4 ApplicationExampleswiththeNLT 65
3.4.5 BriefHistoryofNLTDevelopment 65
3.5 MultirateTransientAnalysis 66
3.6 Conclusions 69
Acknowledgement 70
References 70
4 Real-TimeSimulationTechnologiesinEngineering 72
ChristianDufourandJeanBe´langer
4.1 Introduction 72
4.2 Model-BasedDesignandReal-TimeSimulation 73
4.3 GeneralConsiderationsaboutReal-TimeSimulation 74
4.3.1 TheConstraintofReal-Time 74
4.3.2 StiffnessIssues 75
4.3.3 SimulatorBandwidthConsiderations 75
4.3.4 SimulationBandwidthvs.Applications 75
4.3.5 AchievingVeryLowLatencyforHILApplication 76
4.3.6 EffectiveParallelProcessingforFastEMTSimulation 77
4.3.7 FPGA-BasedMultirateSimulators 79
4.3.8 AdvancedParallelSolverswithoutArtificialDelaysorStublines:
ApplicationtoActiveDistributionNetworks 79
4.3.9 TheNeedforIterationsinReal-Time 80
4.4 Phasor-ModeReal-TimeSimulation 82
4.5 ModernReal-TimeSimulatorRequirements 82
4.5.1 SimulatorI/ORequirements 83
4.6 RapidControlPrototypingandHardware-in-the-LoopTesting 85
4.7 PowerGridReal-TimeSimulationApplications 85
4.7.1 StatisticalProtectionSystemStudy 85
4.7.2 MonteCarloTestsforPowerGridSwitchingSurgeSystemStudies 87
4.7.3 ModularMultilevelConverterinHVDCApplications 88
4.7.4 High-EndSuper-LargePowerGridSimulations 89
4.8 MotorDriveandFPGA-BasedReal-TimeSimulationApplications 90
4.8.1 IndustrialMotorDriveDesignandTestingUsingCPUModels 90
4.8.2 FPGAModellingofSRMandPMSMMotorDrives 91
4.9 EducationalSystem:RPC-BasedStudyofDFIMWindTurbine 94
4.10 MechatronicReal-TimeSimulationApplications 95
4.10.1 AircraftFlightTrainingSimulator 95
Contents vii
4.10.2 AircraftFlightParameterIdentification 95
4.10.3 InternationalSpaceStationRoboticArmTesting 95
4.11 Conclusion 97
References 97
5 CalculationofPowerSystemOvervoltages 100
JuanA.Martinez-VelascoandFranciscoGonza´lez-Molina
5.1 Introduction 100
5.2 PowerSystemOvervoltages 101
5.2.1 TemporaryOvervoltages 101
5.2.2 Slow-FrontOvervoltages 102
5.2.3 Fast-FrontOvervoltages 102
5.2.4 Very-Fast-FrontOvervoltages 103
5.3 TemporaryOvervoltages 103
5.3.1 Introduction 103
5.3.2 ModellingGuidelinesforTemporaryOvervoltages 103
5.3.3 FaultstoGrounds 104
5.3.4 LoadRejection 110
5.3.5 HarmonicResonance 115
5.3.6 EnergizationofUnloadedTransformers 120
5.3.7 Ferroresonance 125
5.3.8 Conclusions 133
5.4 SwitchingOvervoltages 135
5.4.1 Introduction 135
5.4.2 ModellingGuidelines 135
5.4.3 SwitchingOvervoltages 139
5.4.4 CaseStudies 149
5.4.5 Validation 154
5.5 LightningOvervoltages 154
5.5.1 Introduction 154
5.5.2 ModellingGuidelines 155
5.5.3 CaseStudies 163
5.5.4 Validation 172
5.6 VeryFastTransientOvervoltagesinGasInsulatedSubstations 174
5.6.1 Introduction 174
5.6.2 OriginofVFTOinGIS 174
5.6.3 PropagationofVFTsinGISs 176
5.6.4 ModellingGuidelines 180
5.6.5 CaseStudy9:VFTina765kVGIS 182
5.6.6 StatisticalCalculation 183
5.6.7 Validation 185
5.7 Conclusions 187
Acknowledgement 187
References 187
6 AnalysisofFACTSControllersandtheirTransientModellingTechniques 195
KalyanK.Sen
6.1 Introduction 195
6.2 TheoryofPowerFlowControl 199
viii Contents
6.3 ModellingGuidelines 206
6.3.1 RepresentationofaPowerSystem 206
6.3.2 RepresentationofSystemControl 206
6.3.3 RepresentationofaControlledSwitch 209
6.3.4 SimulationErrorsandControl 210
6.4 ModellingofFACTSControllers 210
6.4.1 SimulationofanIndependentPFCinaSingleLineApplication 212
6.4.2 SimulationofaVoltageRegulatingTransformer 212
6.4.3 SimulationofaPhaseAngleRegulator 214
6.4.4 SimulationofaUnifiedPowerFlowController 215
6.5 SimulationResultsofaUPFC 230
6.6 SimulationResultsofanST 238
6.7 Conclusion 245
Acknowledgement 245
References 245
7 ApplicationsofPowerElectronicDevicesinDistributionSystems 248
ArindamGhoshandFarhadShahnia
7.1 Introduction 248
7.2 ModellingofConverterandFilterStructuresforCPDs 250
7.2.1 Three-PhaseConverterStructures 250
7.2.2 FilterStructures 251
7.2.3 DynamicSimulationofCPDs 252
7.3 DistributionStaticCompensator(DSTATCOM) 253
7.3.1 CurrentControlUsingDSTATCOM 253
7.3.2 VoltageControlUsingDSTATCOM 256
7.4 DynamicVoltageRestorer(DVR) 258
7.5 UnifiedPowerQualityConditioner(UPQC) 263
7.6 VoltageBalancingUsingDSTATCOMandDVR 267
7.7 ExcessPowerCirculationUsingCPDs 271
7.7.1 Current-ControlledDSTATCOMApplication 271
7.7.2 Voltage-ControlledDSTATCOMApplication 272
7.7.3 UPQCApplication 276
7.8 Conclusions 278
References 278
8 ModellingofElectronicallyInterfacedDERSystemsforTransientAnalysis 280
AmirnaserYazdaniandOmidAlizadeh
8.1 Introduction 280
8.2 GenericElectronicallyInterfacedDERSystem 281
8.3 RealizationofDifferentDERSystems 283
8.3.1 PVEnergySystems 283
8.3.2 Fuel-CellSystems 284
8.3.3 BatteryEnergyStorageSystems 284
8.3.4 SupercapacitorEnergyStorageSystem 285
8.3.5 SuperconductingMagneticEnergyStorageSystem 285
8.3.6 WindEnergySystems 286
8.3.7 FlywheelEnergyStorageSystems 287
8.4 TransientAnalysisofElectronicallyInterfacedDERSystems 287