Table Of ContentTRANSGENIC PLANTS
Volume 1
Engineering and Utilization
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T R A N S G E N IC
P L A N TS
Volume 1
Engineering and
Utilization
EDITED BY
Shain-dow Kung
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Kowloon, Hong Kong
and
Center for Agricultural Biotechnology
Maryland Biotechnology Institute
Department of Botany
The University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland
Ray Wu
Section of Biochemistry
Molecular and Cell Biology
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York
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Copyright © 1993 by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
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Academic Press, Inc.
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United Kingdom Edition published by
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Transgenic plants / edited by Shain-dow Kung, Ray Wu.
p. cm.
Includes indexes.
Contents: v. 1. Engineering and utilization - v. 2. Present
status and social and economic impacts.
ISBN 0-12-428781-6 (v. 1). - ISBN 0-12-428782-4 (v. 2)
1. Transgenic plants. 2. Crops-Genetic engineering. 3. Plant
genetic engineering. I. Kung, Shain-dow. IL Wu, Ray.
SB123.57.T73 1992
63L5'23-<lc20 92-11016
CIP
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
92 93 94 95 96 97 QW 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Contributors xi
Preface xiii
Contents to Volume 2 xv
Introduction: From Hybrid Plants to Transgenic Plants
Shain-dow Kung
1.1 Plant Breeding 2
1.2 Hybrid Plants 4
1.3 Somatic Hybrid Plants 6
1.4 Transgenic Plants 7
1.5 Biotechnology Revolutionizes Plant Breeding 9
1.6 Future Prospects 10
References 11
Parti
Basic Tochnk|uos for EiMjinoorincj Transgenic Plants
I. Vectors for Gene Transfer in Higher Plants 15
Frank F. White
1.1 Introduction 15
ν
vi Contents
1.2 Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation 16
1.3 Agrobacter/um Vectors 23
1.4 Uses of Agrobacterium Vectors 31
1.5 Host Range of Agrobacfer/um 34
1.6 Alternative DNA Transfer Methods 35
1.7 Conclusions 38
References 39
2. Molecular Genetics of T-DNA Transfer from Agrobacterium
to Plants 49
Stanton B. Gelvin
2.1 vir Gene Inducers 50
2.2 T-DNA Transfer and Expression 53
2.3 Opines 64
2.4 Genetic Engineering of Plants Using T-DNA 72
2.5 Conclusion 78
References 79
3. Markers for Plant Gene Transfer 89
Benjamin A. Bowen
3.1 Reasons for Using Marker Genes 90
3.2 Selectable Markers 93
3.3 Assayable Markers 107
3.4 Concluding Remarks 115
References 116
4. Techniques for Gene Transfer 125
Barnabas Jenes, Helen Moore, Jun Cao, Wanggen Zhang, and Ray Wu
4.1 Gene Transfer and Genetic Transformation 125
4.2 Methods for Transformation of Plant Protoplasts, Cells, and
Tissues 128
4.3 Preferred Methods for Dicots and Monocots 136
References 144
5. Cell Culture and Regeneration of Transgenic Plants 147
Steven W. Ritchie and Thomas K. Hodges
5.1 General Characteristics of Plant Cell Cultures 148
Contents vii
5.2 Factors Affecting in Vitro Culture 157
5.3 Avenues for in Vitro Plant Regeneration 164
5.4 Selectable Markers and Transformation Techniques 170
5.5 Summary 172
References 173
Part II
Transgenic Plants and Basic Research
6. Transgenic Plants for Studying Genes Encoding Amino Acid
Biosynthetic Enzymes 181
Fong-Ying Tsai and Gloria M. Coruzzi
6.1 Roles of Glutamine and Asparagine in Nitrogen Assimilation
and Transport 182
6.2 Physiological Studies on Glutamine Synthetase: Insights and
Limitations 183
6.3 Molecular Studies on Glutamine Synthetase Gene Expression
in Vivo and in Transgenic Plants 184
6.4 Physiological Studies on Asparagine Levels and Asparagine
Synthetase Activity 186
6.5 Molecular Studies on Plant Asparagine Synthetase Genes in
Vivo and in Transgenic Plants 189
6.6 Conclusions 191
References 192
7. Transgenic Plants for Studying Responses
to the Hormones Auxin and Cytokinin 195
Stephen H. Howell
7.1 Introduction 195
7.2 Plant Genes 200
7.3 Bacterial Genes 209
References 218
8. Gene Tagging in Transgenic Plants 225
Shirley A. Coomber and Kenneth A. Feldmann
8.1 Transposon Tagging in Transgenic Plants 226
viii Contents
8.2 T-DNA Tagging of Genes in Transgenic Plants 229
8.3 in Plonto Transformation 237
8.4 Summary 238
References 238
Transgenic Plants and Crop Improvement
9. Herbicide-Tolerant Crops 243
Maud A. W. Hinchee, Stephen R. Padgette, Ganesh M. Kishore, Xavier
Delannay, and Robert T. Fraley
9.1 Selection of Herbicide-Tolerant Crops 245
9.2 Genetic Engineering for Herbicide-Tolerant Crops 247
9.3 Conclusions and Future Prospects 257
References 260
10. Production of Transgenic Plants with Enhanced Resistance
to Microbial Pathogens 265
Richard Broglie, Karen Broglie, Dominique Roby, and Ilan Chet
10.1 Chitinases and Plant Defense 266
10.2 Modification of Chitinase Gene Expression 269
10.3 Future Prospects 272
References 275
11. Transgenic Plants for Conferring Virus Tolerance:
Satellite Approach 277
Peter B. McGarvey and Jacobus M. Kaper
11.1 Viral Satellites 278
11.2 Cucumber Mosaic Virus Satellite RNA and Disease
Modulation 279
11.3 Biological Control of Cucumber Mosaic Virus 281
11.4 Expression of Satellite RNA in Transgenic
Tobacco Plants 282
11.5 Expression of Satellite RNA in Transgenic
Tomato Plants 285
Contents ix
11.6 Discussion 290
References 293
12. Production of Bacillus thuringiensis Insecticidal Proteins
in Plants 297
Kenneth A. Barton and Michael J. Miller
12.1 Bacillus thuringiensis 298
12.2 Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin in Plants 304
12.3 Future Issues 3Ί1
References 314
13. Transgenic Plants Conferring Insect Tolerance: Protease
Inhibitor Approach 317
Vaughan A. Hilder, Angharad M. R. Gatehouse, and Donald Boulter
13.1 Natural Defense Mechanisms of Plants 318
13.2 Transgenic Plants Expressing Introduced Protease
Inhibitors 321
13.3 Selection of Protease Inhibitor Genes for Transfer 325
13.4 Possible Limitations of Protease Inhibitor Approach 330
13.5 Future Developments 333
References 335
Ϊ4. Transgenic Plants for Improving Seed Storage
Proteins 339
Samuel S. M. Sun and Brian A. Larkins
14.1 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Seed Storage
Proteins 340
14.2 Molecular Genetic Approaches for Improving Seed
Storage Protein Quality 352
14.3 Current Research Approaches 356
14.4 Future Prospects 366
References 369
Index 373
