Transforming Research Methods in the Social Sciences: Case Studies from South Africa

457 Pages·2019·9.251 MB·English

by  Sumaya Laher, Angelo Fynn, Sherianne Kramer

Transforming
Research Methods
in the Social Sciences
Case Studies from South Africa
Transforming
Research Methods
in the Social Sciences
Case Studies from South Africa
EDITORS Sumaya Laher, Angelo Fynn and Sherianne Kramer
Transforming
Research Methods
in the Social Sciences
Case Studies from South Africa
EDITORS Sumaya Laher, Angelo Fynn and Sherianne Kramer
Published in South Africa by:
Wits University Press
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Johannesburg 2001
www.witspress.co.za
Compilation © Editors 2019
Chapters © Individual contributors 2019
Published edition © Wits University Press 2019
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First published 2019
http://dx.doi.org.10.18772/22019032750
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Contents
Tables, figures and box viii
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xiii
1 Research as practice: Contextualising applied research in
the South African context 1
Sherianne Kramer, Angelo Fynn and Sumaya Laher
Section One: Quantitative methods
2 Non-experimental research designs: Investigating the spatial
distribution and social ecology of male homicide 19
Lu-Anne Swart, Sherianne Kramer, Kopano Ratele and
Mohamed Seedat
3 Longitudinal designs: The RANCH-SA study 36
Kate Cockcroft, Paul Goldschagg and Joseph Seabi
4 Establishing factorial validity of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale 52
Malose Makhubela and Solomon Mashegoane
5 Using the WAIS-III to illustrate test norming strategies in multicultural
contexts: A demographically stratified sampling design 69
Ann B. Shuttleworth-Edwards
6 Quasi-experimental designs in applied behavioural health research 84
Brendon R. Barnes
7 Experimental research: Randomised control trials to evaluate
task-shifting interventions 97
Goodman Sibeko and Dan J. Stein
8 Repeated-measures factorial design: Exploring working memory
interactions in earworms 114
Thomas Geffen and Michael Pitman
9 Q methodology: Patterns of subjectivity in academic misconduct 130
Gillian Finchilescu and Saloshni Muthal
Section Two: Qualitative methods
10 Systematic case study research in clinical and counselling psychology 151
David J. A. Edwards
11 Doing psychobiography: The case of Christiaan Barnard 168
Roelf van Niekerk, Tracey Prenter and Paul Fouché
12 Narrative research in career counselling: The career construction
interview 186
Jacobus G. Maree
13 Interrogating grounded theory in meaning-making of voluntary medical
adult male circumcision 203
Lynlee Howard-Payne
14 Feminist approaches: An exploration of women’s gendered
experiences 220
Peace Kiguwa
15 The power of critical discourse analysis: Investigating female-perpetrated
sex abuse victim discourses 236
Sherianne Kramer
16 Using ethnomethodology and conversation analysis to study social
categories: The case of racial categories in South African radio talk 251
Kevin A. Whitehead
17 Autoethnography: Locating the self as standpoint in
post-apartheid South Africa 265
Jeanette Schmid
18 Genealogy in practice: Labour, discipline and power in the production
of the mineworker in South Africa 280
Brett Bowman, Ian Siemers and Kevin A. Whitehead
Section Three: Transparadigmatic methods
19 Transformative mixed methods research in South Africa:
Contributions to social justice 303
Brendon R. Barnes
20 Design Research: Developing effective feedback interventions for
school-based monitoring 317
Elizabeth Archer
21 Appreciative inquiry as transformative methodology:
Case studies in health and wellness 337
Kathryn Nel and Saraswathie Govender
22 Photovoice methodologies for social justice 354
Shose Kessi, Debbie Kaminer, Floretta Boonzaier and Despina Learmonth
23 Action and community-based research: Improving local governance
practices through the community scorecard 375
Diana Sanchez-Betancourt and Elmé Vivier
24 Trends in social science research in Africa: Rigour, relevance and
responsibility 393
Sumaya Laher, Angelo Fynn and Sherianne Kramer
Contributors 413
Index 419
viii
Tables, figures and box
Table 2.1 Descriptions of the 11 explanatory variables used in the factor
analysis together with mean values and ranges for the 508
residential areas of Johannesburg 25
Table 2.2 Correlations for male homicide and neighbourhood characteristics
in Johannesburg (2001–2005) 27
Table 2.3 Pattern matrix from the factor analysis with factor loadings for
each contextual indicator 28
Table 2.4 Negative binomial regression results for neighbourhood
characteristics on male homicide, Johannesburg (2001–2005) 30
Table 4.1 Factor matrix of the RSES 57
Table 4.2 One-factor model of the RSES structure: Goodness-of-fit
statistics 60
Table 4.3 Structural path coefficients for the data 60
Table 4.4 Steps for multigroup analysis 62
Table 4.5 Goodness-of-fit statistics for tests of invariance of the RSES
structure for blacks and whites 63
Table 5.1 WAIS-III and WISC-IV Index and IQ scores from two norming
studies, stratified for race, first language, and level and quality of
education 79
Table 7.1 Randomised controlled trial process 99
Table 7.2 CONSORT 2010 checklist of information to include when
reporting a randomised trial 101
Table 7.3 Classification of RCTs 105
Table 8.1 All eight conditions showing randomised order 121
Table 8.2 ANOVA summary 124
Table 8.3 ANOVA means for self-reported INMI 125
Table 9.1 The data matrices for R- and Q-technique factor analyses 132
Table 9.2 Example of a Fisher block design applied to P-set selection 135
Table 9.3 Starting points for factor extraction based on the number of
Q-sorts 137
Table 9.4 The seven centroid factors extracted in the academic misconduct
study 138
Table 9.5 Extracts from the rotated factor matrix of the academic
misconduct study 139
Table 9.6 Summary of the categorised Q-sorts 140
Table 9.7 Excerpt from the table giving prototypical Q-sort rankings of
the factors 140
Table 9.8 Correlation between factor scores 141
Table 9.9 Factor characteristics giving reliability information 141
Table 9.10 Crib sheet for factor 3 142
Table 11.1 Data processing and analysis matrix 172
Table 12.1 Career construction interview 189
Table 14.1 A summary of differences among the three approaches to
research 229
ix
Table 20.1 Design Research phases 320
Table 20.2 Description of Design Research quality criteria 321
Table 20.3 Evaluator roles utilised during Design Research 323
Table 20.4 Quality emphasis per development stage 331
Table 20.5 P roduct- or intervention-optimised SAMP feedback
system 333
Table 22.1 Definitions 356
Figure 2.1 N umber of male homicide victims per neighbourhood,
Johannesburg (2001–2005) 24
Figure 4.1 Hypothesised one-factor model 58
Figure 7.1 CONSORT flow diagram 104
Figure 8.1 INMI and working memory theoretical framework 117
Figure 8.2 ANT timing and stimuli 120
Figure 8.3 Leco × gum interaction 124
Figure 8.4 Gum × ANT interaction 125
Figure 9.1 Example of a Q-sort grid design 135
Figure 13.1 E xample of the initial codes from preliminary interview with
first participant 205
Figure 13.2 S traussian grounded theory process to evolve codes into
categories 206
Figure 13.3 S chematic representation of the processes involved in
axial coding 209
Figure 13.4 Selective coding process 211
Figure 13.5 O verview representation of substantive grounded theory
on meaning-making of HIV prophylactic VMAMC in South
Africa 216
Figure 18.1 Employment and human rights 289
Figure 18.2 F ederation of South African Trade Unions National Union of
Textile Workers’ pamphlet 290
Figure 18.3 Training native mine labour 291
Figure 18.4 Native labour control and conservation 291
Figure 18.5 GAB screws test 292
Figure 18.6 STB Kohs’ block test 293
Figure 18.7 Classification of African mineworkers’ jobs 293
Figure 18.8 E xcerpt from aptitude tests for native labour on the
Witwatersrand gold mines 294
Figure 18.9 C omparisons of non-mechanical, mechanical and
supervisory workers 295
Figure 20.1 Cyclical nature of Design Research 320
Figure 20.2 Quality criteria for Design Research 322
Figure 20.3 Shift in evaluative criteria during the design process 322
Figure 20.4 The overall Design Research framework 323
Figure 20.5a Evaluation matchboard A 325
Figure 20.5b Evaluation matchboard B 326
Figure 20.6 Overall design 330