Transformer and Reactor Procurement

544 Pages·2022·11.9 MB·English

by  Gilson M. Bastos, Tom Breckenridge, Mike Lamb, Tara-Lee MacArthur, Simon Ryder

CIGRE Green Books
CIGRE Study Committee A2: Transformers
Gilson M. Bastos · Tom Breckenridge
Mike Lamb · Tara-Lee MacArthur
Simon Ryder Editors
Transformer
and Reactor
Procurement
CIGRE Green Books
SeriesEditor
CIGRE,ElectricSystems(Cigré),InternationalCouncilonLargeElectricSystems
(Cigré),Paris,France
CIGRE presents their expertise in unique reference books on electrical power
networks. These books are of a self-contained handbook character covering the
entire knowledge of the subject within power engineering. The books are created
by CIGRE experts within their study committees and are recognized by the engi-
neeringcommunityasthetopreferencebooksintheirfields.
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Gilson M. Bastos Tom Breckenridge
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Mike Lamb Tara-Lee MacArthur
Simon Ryder
Editors
Transformer and Reactor
Procurement
With106Figuresand74Tables
Editors
GilsonM.Bastos TomBreckenridge
MSGTransmission TBTCSLtd
SaoPaulo,Brazil Glasgow,UK
MikeLamb Tara-LeeMacArthur
ElectricTransmissionOperationsEng. ErgonEnergy|EnergyQueensland
DominionEnergy Townsville,QLD,Australia
Richmond,VA,USA
SimonRyder
DobleEngineering
Guildford,UK
ISSN2367-2625 ISSN2367-2633(electronic)
ISBN978-3-030-80468-8 ISBN978-3-030-80469-5(eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80469-5
©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2022
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AC(“Sam”)Hallinthe2010s
TheeditorsarepleasedtodedicatethisGreen
Book to the memory of their friend “Sam”
Hall, who was the father of this subject at
CIGRE
Foreword
CIGRE and Transformer Procurement
This Green Book provides a comprehensive guide to the transformer and reactor
procurement process, from identification of functional requirements to trial opera-
tion. It is intended to provide a reference for anyone involved in the procurement
process. This includes not only users and purchasers but also manufacturers and
suppliers.Eachofthemainstepsintheprocurementprocessisdescribedinitsown
chapter,withdetailedguidanceonhowuserexpectationsandrequirementscanbest
beidentifiedandmet.Eachchapterhasbeenwrittenbyexpertsinthefieldandthen
reviewedindetailbytheeditorialpanel.Inaddition,theeditorialpanelhastriedto
ensureaclearandconsistentuseofterminology.
CIGRE has long had an interest in the transformer and reactor procurement
process. The first working group specifically addressing this subject was 12.15 on
transformer specifications, (CIGRE Brochure 156 2000). This working group was
followedby12.22ontransformerdesignreviews,(CIGREBrochure2042002).
CIGREreturnedtothesubjectoftransformerprocurementsomeyearslaterwith
thecreationofworkinggroupA2.36.Thisworkinggrouphadtheroleofreviewing
thewholeofthetransformerprocurementprocess.Theyprovidedanoverviewofthe
wholeprocess,whichwasusedtodevelopthetableofcontentsofthisGreenBook.
Theyaddressedthreestagesoftheprocurementprocessindetailintheirfinalreports.
CIGRE brochure 528 (2013) was a comprehensive update of the earlier CIGRE
brochure156(2000).Likewise,CIGREbrochure529(2013)wasacomprehensive
updateoftheearlierCIGREbrochure204(2002).CIGREbrochure530(2013)isa
guide for conducting “transformer factory capability assessments”, that is, for
transformer supplier qualification and development. It was a new departure for
CIGRE, and of special interest to users purchasing transformers or reactors from
unfamiliarsuppliers.
CIGREworkinggroupA2.42wasestablishedtocontinuetheworkofA2.36on
transformer transportation (CIGRE Brochure 673 2016). CIGRE working group
A2.58wasthenestablishedtocontinuetheworkofA2.36andA2.42ontransformer
vii
viii Foreword
and reactor installation, pre-commissioning, and trial operation. Their final report
wasinpreparaionatthetimethisGreenBookwaspublished.
Transformer Procurement in the Future
CIGRE’sworkhasincreasinglybeenfocusedontworelatedchallenges–ensuring
universalaccesstoreliableelectricityandensuringthesustainabilityoftheelectric-
itysupply.Thesetwochallengescannotbeaddressedseparately,asuniversalaccess
to reliable electricity is critically dependent on better integration of distributed
renewable energy resources. Aspects of these challenges of special relevance for
transformersandreactorsinclude(HatziargyriouanddeSiqueira2020):
(cid:129) Improvedtransformersforsolarintegration
(cid:129) Improvedtransformersforwindintegration
(cid:129) Higher AC and DC transmission voltages, to allow integration of renewable
energyresourcesinremoteareas
(cid:129) Increaseduseofphase-shiftingtransformers,tocontrolpowerflows
(cid:129) Siteassemblyoflargepowertransformers,alsotoallowintegrationofrenewable
energyresourcesinremoteareas
(cid:129) Developmentofalternativetechnologiestotheconventionaloil-immersedtrans-
formerorreactor
(cid:129) Bettercontrolofaudiblesoundlevels
(cid:129) Bettercontroloflosses
(cid:129) Improvedtransformerandreactorlifemanagement
(cid:129) Improveddesignstocopewithvariationsinsystemvoltage
(cid:129) Improveddesignstocopewithvariationsinsystemfrequency
Some of the transformer and reactor technologies developed to meet these
challengesaresufficientlymaturetobeincludedinthisGreenBook.Thefollowing
materialisofspecialrelevance:
(cid:129) Improvedtransformersforsolarandwindintegration
Identification of functional requirements, including the possible impact of har-
monics,isaddressedin▶Chap.3.Specification,includingthepossibleimpactof
theinstallationenvironment,isaddressedin▶Chaps.4and▶5.
Special aspects of testing for transformers for wind integration are addressed in
▶Chaps.12and▶14.
(cid:129) Higher AC and DC transmission voltages, to allow integration of renewable
energyresourcesinremoteareas
Identificationoffunctionalrequirementsisaddressedin▶Chap.3.Engineeringand
designfortheserequirements,usingadvancedmethods,isaddressedin▶Chap.10.
Dielectric testing is of special relevance and is addressed in ▶Chap. 14.
Pre-commissioningisalsoofspecialrelevanceandisaddressedin▶Chap.18.
Foreword ix
(cid:129) Increaseduseofphase-shiftingtransformers,tocontrolpowerflows,
Is not directly addressed in this Green Book but is the subject of IEC/IEEE
standard60076-57-1202(2017).
(cid:129) Siteassemblyoflargepowertransformers,alsotoallowintegrationofrenewable
energyresourcesinremoteareas,
IsnotdirectlyaddressedinthisGreenBookbutisthesubjectofCIGREworking
groupA2.59,whopublishedtheirfinalreportasbrochure857in2021.
(cid:129) Developmentofalternativetechnologiestotheconventionaloil-immersedtrans-
formerorreactor
Identification of functional requirements, including the appropriate design con-
cept, is addressed in ▶Chap. 3. Alternative design concepts are integrated into
theremainingchaptersoftheGreenBookasfaraspossible.
(cid:129) Bettercontrolofaudiblesoundlevels
Specificationofaudiblesoundlevelsisaddressedin▶Chap.6.
(cid:129) Bettercontroloflosses
Specificationoflossesandefficiencyisaddressedin▶Chap.7.
(cid:129) Improvedtransformerandreactorlifemanagement
Transformer and reactor life management will be the subject of a future Green
Book.However,lifemanagementbeginswithprocurement,whichisthesubject
ofthepresentGreenBook.Thespecificationisofspecialrelevance,owingtoits
impactonmaintenancerequirements,andisaddressedin▶Chaps.4and▶5.
(cid:129) Improveddesignstocopewithvariationsinsystemvoltageandfrequency
Identificationoffunctionalrequirements,includingthepossibleimpactofvaria-
tionsinsystemvoltageorfrequency,isaddressedin▶Chap.3.Engineeringand
design for these requirements, using advanced methods, is addressed in
▶Chap.10.
SimonRyder,onbehalfoftheeditorialteam
References
CIGREBrochure156:Guideforcustomerspecificationsfortransformers100MVA
and123kVandabove.FinalreportofCIGREworkinggroup12.15(April2000)
CIGRE Brochure 204: Guidelines for conducting design reviews for transformers
100 MVA and 123 kVand above. Final report of CIGRE working group 12.22
(August2002)
CIGRE Brochure 528: Guide for preparation of specifications for power trans-
formers.FinalreportofCIGREworkinggroupA2.36(April2013)
CIGRE Brochure 529: Guidelines for conducting design reviews for power trans-
formers.FinalreportofCIGREworkinggroupA2.36(April2013)
CIGRE Brochure 530: Guide for conducting factory capability assessments for
powertransformers.FinalreportofCIGREworkinggroupA2.36(April2013)
CIGREBrochure673:Guideontransformertransportation.FinalreportofCIGRE
workinggroupA2.42(December2016)
x Foreword
CIGRE Brochure 857: On-sire assembly, on-site rebuild, and on-site high voltage
testing of power transformers. Final report of CIGRE working group A2.59
(December2021)
Hatziargyriou,N.,deSiqueira,I.P.(eds.):ElectricitySupplySystemsoftheFuture,
1stedn.CIGREandSpringer(2020)
IEC/IEEEStandard60076-57-1202:PowerTransformers–LiquidImmersedPhase-
ShiftingTransformers,1stedn(2017)