Transformations of Social-Ecological Systems: Studies in Co-creating Integrated Knowledge Toward Sustainable Futures

422 Pages·2018·14.382 MB·English

by  Tetsu Sato, Ilan Chabay, Jennifer Helgeson

Ecological Research Monographs
Tetsu Sato
Ilan Chabay
Jennifer Helgeson Editors
Transformations
of Social-Ecological
Systems
Studies in Co-creating Integrated
Knowledge Toward Sustainable Futures
Ecological Research Monographs
Serieseditor
YohIwasa,DepartmentofBioscience,Kwansei-GakuinUniversity,Sanda,Hyogo,
Japan
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/8852
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Tetsu Sato Ilan Chabay Jennifer Helgeson
Editors
Transformations of Social-
Ecological Systems
Studies in Co-creating Integrated Knowledge
Toward Sustainable Futures
Editors
TetsuSato IlanChabay
ResearchInstituteforHumanity InstituteforAdvancedSustainabilityStudies
andNature Potsdam,Germany
Kyoto,Japan
EhimeUniversity
Matsuyama,Japan
JenniferHelgeson
NationalInstituteofStandardsand
Technology
Gaithersburg,MD,USA
ISSN2191-0707 ISSN2191-0715 (electronic)
EcologicalResearchMonographs
ISBN978-981-13-2326-3 ISBN978-981-13-2327-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2327-0
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018959135
©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2018
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor
informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar
methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt
fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook
arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsorthe
editorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrors
oromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaims
inpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
Cover illustration: Left: Pole-top aquaculture of corals in the coast of Onna Village, Okinawa, Japan
(Chapter3);TopRight: RiceterracesinIfugao,thePhilippines(Chapter11);BottomRight:Decision
TheateroftheDecisionCenterforaDesertCity(DCDC)atArizonaStateUniversity,USA(Chapter18).
PhotosbyTetsuSato.
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.
The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721,
Singapore
Preface
Inthemidstofanthropogenicimpactscausingamultitudeofglobalenvironmental
problems, we have been observing various initiatives by local communities across
theworldaimedattacklingsuchsustainabilitychallenges.Itiscriticallyimportantto
scale-upsuchlocalactionstoachievesocietaltransformationsthatareapplicableat
broader scales. Key to achieving this goal is greater understanding of underlying
processesthatallowtheseinitiativestocreatemutuallearningandco-productionof
knowledge, which support effective, informed decision making and actions to
achievesustainability.Through collaborative processesincommunities,transdisci-
plinaryknowledgeco-productionamongdiversestakeholdershasbeenmobilizedto
establish a shared knowledge base among relevant actors. We denote this as Inte-
gratedLocalEnvironmentalKnowledge(ILEK),whicheffectivelysupportscollab-
orativedecisionmakingandactionstowardtransformationstosustainablesocieties.
TheResearchInstituteforHumanityandNature(RIHN),Kyoto,Japan,promotes
solution-oriented research addressing complex global environmental problems
through transdisciplinary approaches in collaboration with diverse stakeholders in
society to critically examine how the interactions between humanity and nature
could be. RIHN has created and conducted many inter- and trans-disciplinary
researchprojectsinvariousregionsoftheworldcoveringawiderangeofthetargets
of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and resonating with the Future Earth
initiative, inviting and collaborating with creative researchers in Japan as well as
from the world. As a part of this effort, RIHN conducted the research project
“Creation and Sustainable Governance of New Commons through Formation of
IntegratedLocalEnvironmentalKnowledge(ILEKproject)”for5yearssinceApril
2012. The ILEK project collaborated with researchers and stakeholders in local
communities of the world to explore mechanisms and important factors enabling
co-creation of solution-oriented knowledge addressing complex sustainability
challenges. Furnished with novel concepts of ILEK as a dynamic and complex
knowledgesystem,aswellasimportantactorsofknowledgeco-productioninclud-
ing “residential researchers” and “bilateral knowledge translators,” the project
endeavored to understand and promote transdisciplinary processes to facilitate
v
vi Preface
decisionmakingandactionsforsustainablefuturesineachlocalcommunityandthe
project as a whole. In collaboration with the project members deeply embedded to
local communities and with international research partners, including the Knowl-
edge,LearningandSocietalChangeAlliance(www.KLASICA.org)attheInstitute
for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) in Potsdam, Germany, it accumulated
case studies of transdisciplinary knowledge co-production at local, as well as at
broader or global scales and levels, produced a conceptual model of knowledge-
based societal transformations, and facilitated various collaborative actions. These
processes also provided ample opportunities for mutual learning among all partici-
patingmembers,whichresultedinobtainingimportantinsightsandtriggeredfurther
creativetransdisciplinaryprocessestoaddresscomplexsustainabilitychallenges.
This book presents a collection of case studies and comparative analyses from
communities,whichareusedtoilluminateandclarifyprocessesandfactorspromot-
ingco-productionandutilizationofILEKtosupportcollaborativedecisionmaking
and actions toward sustainable futures that require societal transformations. This
book aims to summarize the theory, approaches, societal impacts and academic
implicationsofsuchtransdisciplinaryknowledgeco-production,focusingonactors
inlocalcommunitiesasthesourceofknowledgecomprisingILEK.Allleadauthors
of the chapters in this book are dedicated members of ILEK project having deep
rootedtieswithlocalcommunitiesinvariousareasoftheworld.Theyhaveengaged
in transdisciplinary co-production of knowledge throughout the process of the
projectwithnumerousopportunitiesforcollectivethinkinganddeliberation,includ-
ingaseriesofinternationalsymposiaandtransdisciplinaryfieldresearches.Someof
them are also active in promoting interactions between local actions and wider or
even global initiatives to create scale-up potentials of local practices. Readers will
gain a comprehensive picture of this novel aspect of transdisciplinary knowledge
co-production as an issue-driven and solution-oriented science, and understand its
relationship to the processes of societal transformations toward sustainability. We,
the editors, sincerely hope that this book can expand and deepen the readers’
understanding of science-society interactions that contribute to collaborative solu-
tionsforcomplexsustainabilitychallengesfacingcontemporarysocieties.
In addition to ILEK project and RIHN, we are deeply indebted to diverse
institutions, organizations and people to support researches underlying chapters of
thebook,forwhomitisimpossibletoprovidethewholelist.Ashortlistofselected
namesisgivenattheendofthisbooktoexpressourgratitude.Asignificantpartof
theresearchinILEKprojectwasalsosupportedbytheResearchInstituteofScience
and Technology for Society, Japan Science and Technology Agency “Transdisci-
plinary Study of Natural Resource Management under Poverty Conditions Collab-
orating with Vulnerable Sectors”, (Tetsu Sato, feasibility study: 2015, trial: 2016)
and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), The Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT), “Environmental Governance in
PluralValueswithFocusonNaturalResourceManagementandRenewableEnergy”
(No.24243054,TaisukeMiyauchi,2012–2015).
Preface vii
Fundingforresearchinsomechapterswereprovidedbyvariousfundingagencies
includingGrant-in-AidforScientificResearch,MEXT,Nos.15H04562(B:Shigeru
Yanaka, Chap. 3), 15 K00673 (C: Kenji Kitamura, Chap. 7), and Grant-in-Aid for
Young Scientists No. 26740060 (B: Reiko Omoto, Chap. 13), Social Sciences and
HumanitiesResearchCouncilofCanada,PartnershipDevelopmentGrant(Maureen
G. Reed and the Canadian Biosphere Reserves Association, Chap. 10), MEXT
SpecialEducationandResearchExpensesandJICAPartnershipProgramforKana-
zawaUniversity(KojiNakamura,Chap.11),TheMitsui&Co.EnvironmentFund
(Akiko Sakai, Chap. 14), and Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
andInternationalSocialSciencesCouncilundertheTransformationstoSustainabil-
ityProgramme(IlanChabay,Chap.21).Weexpressoursinceregratitudeforthese
supports.
And last but not least, we thank all members and many collaborators of ILEK
project for enjoying stimulative collective thinking throughout the project, and
dedicated administrative staff in RIHN, especially Atsuko Fukushima, for their
indispensable participation and support to the project. Publication of this book
wouldneverberealizedwithoutit.
Kyoto,Japan TetsuSato
Potsdam,Germany IlanChabay
Gaithersburg,Maryland,USA JenniferHelgeson
Contents
1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
TetsuSato,IlanChabay,andJenniferHelgeson
PartI Co-producingKnowledge
2 MakingMeaningofTraditionalAgriculturalKnowledge:
GroundWaterManagementinAridAreasofTurkey. . . .. . . . . .. 11
TakashiKumeandErhanAkça
3 KnowledgeandTechnologiesBornfromLivelihoods:
EmergenceofSatoumiandSelf-HarvestingForestryinJapan. . . . 33
ShigeruYanaka
4 DrawingPlansofaHouseThatAlreadyStands:
KnowledgeSystemsoftheShiretokoRegion,aWorldHeritage
SiteofJapan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
HiroyukiMatsuda,MitsutakuMakino,
andEiriniIoannaVlachopoulou
5 Community-BasedScallopRestoration:AModelforKnowledge
CirculationTheory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
MichaelP.Crosby,BarbaraLausche,andJimCulter
PartII ConceptualizingValues
6 Co-creationofLocalValues:ReintroductionofOrientalWhite
StorksintotheWild. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
NaokiKikuchi
7 FutureVisionsforFundamentalLivelihoods:
CollaborativeActionsintheNishibetsuWatershedinJapan. . . . . . 119
KenjiKitamuraandKatsuhikoOhashi
ix
x Contents
8 InnovationEmergingfromLivelihoods:NaturalResource
ManagementinLakeMalawi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
TetsuSato,DyloPemba,andChigusaNakagawa
PartIII ProcessesofMobilization
9 AdaptiveProcessManagement:DynamicActionsToward
SustainableSocieties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
TaisukeMiyauchi
10 SocialLearningDrivenbyCollaborationintheCanadian
NetworkofUNESCOBiosphereReserves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
MaureenG.ReedandPaiviAbernethy
11 CreatingPlatformsforCapacityBuildinginRuralCommunities:
NotoPeninsula,JapanandIfugao,thePhilippines. . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
KojiNakamuraandKenjiKitamura
12 CatalyststoMobilizeLocalCommunities:Conservation
ofCoralReefCulturesinShiraho,Okinawa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
MasahitoKamimura
PartIV CreatingLinkages
13 CertificationSchemesWieldedbyProducersandCommunities. . . 233
ReikoOmoto
14 InternationalSystemsDeployedattheLocalLevel:
UNESCO’sManandtheBiosphereProgrammeinJapan. . . . . . . . 251
AkikoSakaiandHiroyukiMatsuda
15 CoastalResourceManagementConnectedbyMarine
ProtectedAreaNetworks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
ShinichiroKakumaandJokimKitolelei
16 Salmon-SafeCertificationinthePacificNorthwest
oftheUnitedStates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
KevinScribnerandReikoOmoto
PartV SupportingDecisionsandActions
17 Co-creation,Co-evolutionandCo-managementofJapanese
CoastalFisheries:ATool-boxApproach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
MitsutakuMakinoandHidetomoTajima
18 BoundaryOrganizationsandObjectsSupportingStakeholders
forDecisionMakingonSustainableWaterManagement
inPhoenix,ArizonaUSA. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. 333
DaveD.White,KelliL.Larson,andAmberWutich