Table Of ContentTRANSFER PHENOMENA IN MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC
AND ELECTROCONDUCTING FLOWS
FLUID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Volume 51
Series Editor: R. MOREAU
MADYLAM
Ecole Nationale Superieure d'Hydraulique de Grenoble
BOlte Postale 95
38402 Saint Martin d' Heres Cedex, France
Aims and Scope of the Series
The purpose of this series is to focus on subjects in which fluid mechanics plays a
fundamental role.
As well as the more traditional applications of aeronautics, hydraulics, heat and
mass transfer etc., books will be published dealing with topics which are currently
in a state of rapid development, such as turbulence, suspensions and multiphase
fluids, super and hypersonic flows and numerical modelling techniques.
It is a widely held view that it is the interdisciplinary subjects that will receive
intense scientific attention, bringing them to the forefront of technological advance-
ment. Fluids have the ability to transport matter and its properties as well as
transmit force, therefore fluid mechanics is a subject that is particulary open to
cross fertilisation with other sciences and disciplines of engineering. The subject of
fluid mechanics will be highly relevant in domains such as chemical, metallurgical,
biological and ecologieal engineering. This series is particularly open to such new
multidisciplinary domains.
The median level of presentation is the first year graduate student. Some texts are
monographs defming the current state of a field; others are accessible to fmal year
undergraduates; but essentially the emphasis is on readability and clarity.
For a list o/related mechanics titles, see final pages.
Transfer Phenomena in
Magnetohydrodynamic and
Electroconducting Flows
Selected papers of the PAMIR
Conference held in Aussois, France
22-26 September 1997
Editedby
A.ALEMANY
Ph.MARTY
and
J. P. THIBAULT
Industrial and Geophysical Flows Laboratory,
Institute ofMechanics Grenoble,
France
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-94-010-6002-8 ISBN 978-94-011-4764-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-4764-4
Printed on acid-free pap er
AII Rights Reserved
©1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999
Softcover reprint of the hardcover Ist edition 1999
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner
Conference Chairman
A.Alemany
Scientific Committee
A.Alemany (France) S .Martemianov (France)
F.Bark (Sweden) Ph. Marty (France)
H.Branover (Israel) J .Meng (USA)
G.Cognet (France) R.Moreau (France)
P.Davidson (UK) U.Muller (Germany)
G.Gerbeth (Germany) J.P.Thibault (France)
I.Kirillov (Russia) J.Walker (USA)
O.Lielausis (Latvia) A.Wragg (UK)
J .Leorat (France)
Local Organizing Committee
B.Collovati (Secretary)
A.Alemany, Ph.Marty (Scientific Secretary), J.P.Thibault
Sponsoring Organizations and Companies
Association Universitaire de Mecanique, France
European Commission, DG XII, Brussels, Belgium
CNRS, France
EDF-CLI Electricite de France, Lyon
IRSID-Usinor Sacilor, Metz, France
Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche, Paris
SIMULOG, Grenoble, France
LEGI Laboratory, Grenoble, France
Universite Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
Institut National Poly technique de Grenoble, France
CONTENTS
Preface ................................................................................................. lX
Contributors List. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . XI
Special Contribution on Magnetic Fluids
Thennal diffusion and particle separation in ferrocolloids
E. Blums and A. Mezulis ................................................ ............................... 1
I - MHD Flows and Turbulence
Geodynamo and MHD
D. Jault, Ph. Cardin and H.C. Nataf. ............................................................... 17
Velocity proflle optimization for the Riga dynamo experiment
F. Stefani, G. Gerbeth and A. Gailitis ...... ....................................................... 31
Magnetohydrodynamic flows around bodies in strong transverse magnetic fields
S. Molokov and K. Rajan .............................................................................4 5
On MHD turbulence models for simulation of magnetic brakes in continuous steel
casting processes
O. Widlund, S. Zahrai and F. Bark .................................................................6 1
Absolute and convective MHD stability of a capillary liquid metal jet with azimuthal velocity
K. Loueslati and J.P. Brancher .......................................................................7 7
Quasi-two-dimensional turbulence in MHD shear flows: the MATUR experiment
and simulations
Y. Delannoy, B. Pascal, T. Alboussiere, V. Uspenski and R. Moreau ........................9 3
Transport of momentum and heat in oscillatory MHD flow
S. Cuevas and E. Ramos .............................................................................1 07
Roads to turbulence for an internal MHO buoyancy-driven flow due to a
horizontal temperature gradient
L. Davoust, R. Moreau and R. Bolcato ........................................................... 123
II - Electrochemical Problems with or without Magnetic Fields
A model of the anode from the chlorate cell
P. Byrne, D. Simonsson, E. Fontes and D. Lucor .............................................. 137
Sodium chlorate electrosynthesis cell under natural convection: simulation of the
transient and steady state working behaviour
P. Ozil, M. Aurousseau and S. Mitu .............................................................. 153
MHO and micro-MHO effects in electrochemical systems
R. Aogaki, A. Tadano and K. Shin'bhara ......................................................... 169
Analysis of MHD effects on electrochemical processes: experimental and
theoretical approach of the interfacial phenomena
J.P. Chopart, O. Devos. O. Aaboubi, E. Merienne and A. Olivier ........................ 181
viii
Enhancement of electrolytic mass transfer around cylinders by exposure to
switching magnetic fields
S. Mori, M. Kumita and M. Takeuchi .............. ............................................... 199
Laminar developing mass transfer in annulus with power law-fluids
O. Ould-Dris, A. Salem, J. Legrand and C. Nouar ............................................. 213
Study of near wall hydrodynamics and mass transfer under magnetic field influence
S. Martemianov and A. Sviridov ................................................................... .229
Motions and mass transfer in a mercury coreless induction furnace
Y. Fautrelle, F. Debray and J. Etay ................................................................ 241
Sea Water MHO: Electrolysis and gas production in flow
P. Boissonneau and J.P. Thibault ...................................................................2 51
III - MHD in Metallurgy and Crystal Growth
Thermoelectric magnetohydrodynamic effects during Bridgman semiconductor crystal
growth with a uniform axial magnetic field: large Hartmann-number asymptotic solution
Y. Khine and J. Walker .............................................................................. 269
Experimental and numerical analysis of the influence of a rotating magnetic field
on convection in Rayleigh-Benard configurations
B. Fischer, J. Friedrich, C. Kupfer, G. Muller and D. Vizman .............................. 279
Numerical solutions of moving boundary problem with thermal convection in the
melt and magnetic field during directional solidification
M. EI Ganaoui, P. Bontoux and D. Morvan ..................................................... 295
Effect of a steady magnetic field and imposed rotation of vessel on heat and mass
transfer in swirling recirculating flows
1. Grants and Y. Gelfgat ............................................................................. 311
On the stability of rotating MHD flows
Ph. Marty, L. Martin Witkowski, P. Trombetta, T. Tomasino and J.P. Garandet ........ .327
Dynamics of an axisymmetric electromagnetic' 'crucible' melting
V. Bojarevics, K. Pericleous and M. Cross ...................................................... .345
Measurement of solute diffusivity in electrically conducting liquids
T. Alboussiere, J.P. Garandet, P. Lehmann and R. Moreau .................................... .359
Magnetic control of convection in liquid metal heated from above
O. Andreev, Yu. Kolesnikov and A. Thess ........................................................ .373
IV - Energetic Applications
Channel design influence on stability and working characteristics of induction MHO pump
J. Valdmanis, 1. Bucenieks and Y. Cho ........................................................... .383
Contrast structures and rotating stall in MHO flows
Y. Polovko, E. Romanova and E. Tropp ...................................................... .395
Nonequilibrium plasma MHO power generation with FUfl-l blow-down facility
Y.Okuno, T. Okamura, K. Yoshikawa, T. Suekane. K. Tsuji, T. Maeda,
T. Murakami, S. Kabashima, H. Yamasaki. S. Shioda and Y.Hasegawa .................. .409
Index .................................................................................................... 421
PREFACE
The "Pamir" international conference on "Transfer Phenomena in
MagnetoHydroDynamic & Electroconducting Flows" is one of the
manifestations associated to "Hydromag". This international organisation
aims to coordinate and promote the MHD research in the world. The organiser
of this conference is the Pamir group from the French laboratory LEGI
(Laboratoire des Ecoulements Geophysiques et Industriels) which has close
connections with INPG (lnstitut National Polythechnique de Grenoble), with
the Joseph Fourier University of Grenoble and with the CNRS (Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique). In September 26-30, 1997 this
conference was organised for the third time at the Paul Langevin centre
(Aussois, France) which belongs to the CNRS. Approximately 15 countries
were represented by about 120 participants. Papers included in this volume are
those presented at the third Pamir conference after selection by the scientific
committee and referee's procedure.
The formal presentations and invited lectures were focused on four main
topics related to: Interfacial heat and mass transfer phenomena, Energetic
applications, Dynamo effect, and MEHD Phenomena. One of the perspectives
of the conference was to promote a productive interaction between the MHD
and the chemical engineering research communities. The possibility to use an
external magnetic field to improve and control the mass transfer processes in
electrochemical systems, sometimes called magnetoelectrolysis, was
introduced as a new topic of the Pamir conference and is considered as a
relatively new and promising branch of MHD research. In particular a wide
field of applications in various domains is expected. This new activity could be
compared with the metallurgical applications of MHD and a parallel
development could be anticipated. Because it concerned an introduction of the
subject, the scientific committee decided to limit the number of accepted papers
in this field to one third of the total submitted.
The invited lectures were about the Earth Dynamo presented by Doctor
Dominique lault from Grenoble University (France), Magnetoelectrolysis
presented by Professor Thomas Fahidy from Waterloo University (Canada),
instability problems by Doctor Philippe Marty from Grenoble University
(France), Metallurgical Applications of MHD by Doctor Gunter Gerbeth from
Dresden (Germany) and a review on Magnetic Fluids was presented by
Professor Stuart Charles from the University of Wales (UK). The
presentations and discussions showed a wide interest in theoretical and
experimental fluid dynamo research. The situation of different experimental
sodium facilities under construction (Karlsruhe, Riga) and preliminary projects
(French Ampere programme) were particularly important.
ix
x
The discussion about the field of magnetoelectrolysis was appreciated by
the MHD community as well as by electrochemists. The different presentations
revealed the relevance of the fundamental studies to possible industrial
applications. The problems involved required competences in the field of
electrochemistry, fluid mechanics and electromagnetism. Most of the
experimental papers were presented by the Japanese community. It was
concluded that the numerical computing had to be improved in order to
describe the full complexities of the phenomena.
Metallurgical applications of MHD revealed that a strong effort has been
made in the direction of realistic experimental and numerical approaches and
that crystal growth activities is a main subject of interest. It would be important
for this subject to quickly reach the level of real application. An important
effort was devoted to MHD turbulence problems at low magnetic Reynolds
number. New numerical developments were proposed especially in the range
of moderate values of the interaction parameter which corresponds to working
conditions of many industrial devices. The necessity to return toward
experimental analysis to control the validity of numerical results was also one
of the important conclusions on the subject.
In the field of fundamental MHD Flows the main contributions were
devoted to phenomena characterised by asymptotic values of parameters
(Reynolds number, Hartmann number and interaction parameter). Many·
contributed papers were orientated toward Fusion problems, using a lithium-
lead alloy subjected to a very strong magnetic field, a condition which allows
for an analytic or semi-analytic approach.
In the class of energetic applications of MHD, few papers were devoted to
Cold Plasma MHD power generation which seems still active in some
countries, e.g. Japan, China and India, while the European and American
effort on this subject seems decreasing. The former activity on MHD ship-
propulsion is also strongly decreasing in most of the previously involved
countries. Nevertheless a quite novel and promising activity : electromagnetic
seawater flow control, is presently under consideration by the community.
To prepare the topics of the next Pamir conference, which will be held in
France in 2000, two specialists in magnetic fluids were asked to present the
general aspects, the state of the art and the possible future developments of the
subject. Only one of these two presentations is included in the present book.
A. Alemany
Ph. Marty
J.P. Thibault
CONTRIBUTORS LIST
O. Aaboubi J.P. Brancher
DTI - UFR Sciences LEMTA
BP 1039 2, Av. de la Foret de Haye
51687 - Reims Cedex 2 FRANCE 54504 - Vandoeuvre les Nancy FRANCE
T. Alboussiere I. Bucenieks
Eng. dept. Institute of Physics
Trumpington Street Miera 32, Latvia
Cambridge U.K. 2169 - Salaspils LATVIA
O. Andreev P. Byrne
Inst. of Physics Latvian Academy of Sciences Royal Institut of Technology - Applied
32, Miera str. Electrochemistry
2169 - Salaspils LATVIA 10044 - Stockholm SWEDEN
R. Aogaki Ph. Cardin
National Research Lab. for Magnetic Science LGIT
1-156, Shibasimo, Kawagucchi BP53
333 - Saitama JAPAN 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 FRANCE
M. Aurousseau Y.Cho
LEPMI Korea Institute of Science and Technology
BP75 PO Box 131 Cheongryang
38402 - St Martin d'Heres FRANCE 130-650 - Seoul KOREA
F. Bark J.P. Chopart
KTH DTI - UFR Sciences
Faxen Lab. Dept. of Mechanics BP 1039
100 44 - Stockholm SWEDEN 51687 - Reims Cedex 2 FRANCE
E. Blums M. Cross
Latvian Academy of Sciences University of Greenwhich
2169 - Salaspils-l LATVIA Sch. of Comput. and Math. Wellington St.
SE18 6PF - London U.K.
P. Boissonneau S. Cuevas
LEGI Centro de Investigacion en Energia UNAM
BP53 A.P. 34 Temixco, Mor.
38041 - Grenoble Cedex 9 FRANCE 62580 - Mexico MEXICO
V. Bojarevics L. Davoust
University of Greenwhich LEGI
Sch. of Comput. and Math. Wellington St. BP53
SE18 6PF - London U.K. 38041 - Grenoble Cedex 9 FRANCE
R. Bolcato F. Debray
EPM - Madylam EPM - Madylam
BP 53 BP53
38041 - Grenoble Cedex 9 FRANCE 38041 - Grenoble Cedex 9 FRANCE
P. Bontoux Y. Delannoy
IMFM EPM - Madylam
1 Rue Honorat BP53
13003 - Marseille FRANCE 38041 - Grenoble Cedex 9 FRANCE
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