Transfer of Business and Acquired Employee Rights: A Practical Guide for Europe and Across the Globe

755 Pages·2016·6.87 MB·English

by  Jens Kirchner

Jens Kirchner · Sascha Morgenroth
Editors
Tim Marshall
Transfer of
Business and
Acquired
Employee Rights
A Practical Guide for Europe and Across
the Globe
Transfer of Business and Acquired
Employee Rights
ThiSisaFMBlankPage
Jens Kirchner • Sascha Morgenroth •
Tim Marshall
Editors
Transfer of Business and
Acquired Employee Rights
A Practical Guide for Europe
and Across the Globe
Editors
JensKirchner SaschaMorgenroth
DLAPiperUKLLP DLAPiperUKLLP
Frankfurt,Germany Frankfurt,Germany
TimMarshall
DLAPiperUKLLP
London,UnitedKingdom
ISBN978-3-662-49005-1 ISBN978-3-662-49007-5 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-662-49007-5
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016936689
©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2016
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Contents
PartI EULawandEUCountries
1.EuropeanUnionLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
JensKirchnerandSaschaMorgenroth
A.Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
B.ExecutiveSummary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
C.DevelopmentofLabourLawintheEuropeanUnion. . . . . . . . . . . . 4
D.SourcesofLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
I.PrimaryLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
II.SecondaryLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
III.ProtocolonSocialPolicy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
IV.TheJurisdictionoftheEuropeanCourtofJustice. . . . . . . . . . . 6
E.GeneralPrinciplesofEuropeanLabourLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
I.TheFreeMovementofWorkers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
II.TheFreedomofEstablishment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
III.FreedomofServicesPrinciple. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
IV.EqualityofTreatmentofMenandWomen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
F.CouncilDirective2001/23/EConTransfersofUndertakings. . . . . .. 8
I.ScopeofApplication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
II.SafeguardingofEmployees’Rights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
III.ImpactoftheTransferonEmployees’Representative
Bodies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
IV.ImpactofTransferonCollectiveAgreements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
V.ImpactofTransferonCompanyPensionsEntitlement. . . . . . . . 15
VI.Insolvency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
G.CouncilDirective2001/23/ECof12March2001onthe
ApproximationoftheLawsoftheMemberStatesRelatingtothe
SafeguardingofEmployees’RightsintheEventofTransfersof
Undertakings,BusinessesorPartsofUndertakingsorBusinesses. . . . . 16
v
vi Contents
H.LeadingEuropeanCourtofJusticeCases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
I.EuropeanCourtofJustice(18March1986—C-24/85)
Spijkers./.Benedik. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
II.EuropeanCourtofJustice(10February1988—C-324/86)
Tellerup./.Daddy’sDanceHall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
III.EuropeanCourtofJustice(15June1988—C-101/87)Bork
International./.ForeningenafArbejdsledereIDanmark. . . . . . . . 26
IV.EuropeanCourtofJustice(14April1994—C-392/92)
ChristelSchmidt./.Spar-undLeihkassederfru€herenA€mter
Bordesholm,KielundCronshagen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
V.EuropeanCourtofJustice(19September1995—C-48/94)
LedernesHovedorganisation,agissantpourRygaard./.Dansk
Arbejdsgiverforening,agissantpourStrøMølleAkustik. . . . . . . . . 28
VI.EuropeanCourtofJustice(7December1995—C-472/93)
Spano./.FiatGeotechandFiatHitachiExcavators. . . . . . . . . . . . 28
VII.EuropeanCourtofJustice(7March1996—C-171/94and
C-172/94)MerckxandNeuhuys./.FordMotorsCompanyBelgium. . . 29
VIII.EuropeanCourtofJustice(11March1997—C-13/95)
AyseSu€zen./.ZehnackerGeba€udereinigungGmbH
Krankenhausservice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
IX.EuropeanCourtofJustice(10December1998—C-127/96)
Herna(cid:2)ndezVidal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
X.EuropeanCourtofJustice(10December1998—C-173/96
andC-247/96)HidalgoandOthers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
XI.EuropeanCourtofJustice(2December1999—C-234/98)
AllenandOthers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
XII.EuropeanCourtofJustice(26September2000—C-175/99)
Mayeur. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. 32
XIII.EuropeanCourtofJustice(24January2002—C-51/00)
Temco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
XIV.EuropeanCourtofJustice(20November2003—C-340/01)
CarlitoAblerandOthers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
XV.EuropeanCourtofJustice(15December2005—C-232/04
andC-233/04)Gu€ney-Go€rresandDemir. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
XVI.EuropeanCourtofJustice(12February2009—C-466/07)
Klarenberg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
XVII.EuropeanCourtofJustice(11June2009—C-561/07)
Commission./.Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
XVIII.EuropeanCourtofJustice(21October2010—C-242/09)
AlbronCatering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
XIX.EuropeanCourtofJustice(20January2011—C-463/09)
CLECE. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. 37
XX.EuropeanCourtofJustice(11June2011—C-108/10)
Scattolon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Contents vii
XXI.EuropeanCourtofJustice(18July2013—C-426/11)
Alemo-HerronandOthers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.Austria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
StephanNitzlandChristianStuppnig
A.Introduction/SourcesofLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
B.ExecutiveSummary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
C.TransferofBusinessinAustria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
I.ScopeofApplication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
II.SafeguardingofEmployees’Rights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
III.ImpactontheEmployees’RepresentativesBodies. . . . . . . . . . 49
IV.ImpactonCollectiveAgreements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
V.ImpactonCompanyPensionEntitlements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
VI.Insolvency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
D.LeadingCases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
I.AustrianHighCourtofJustice(22November2007–8
ObA64/07f):TransferofBusinesswithRegardtoTemporary
StaffBusinesses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
II.AustrianHighCourtofJustice(8August2007–9ObA55/07i):
TransferofBusinessandConcurrentTerminationofEmployment. . . 53
III.HighCourtofJustice(7October1998–9ObA193/98t):
EssentialAspectsofaTransferofBusiness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
E.GroupingofImportantCases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
I.EconomicEntity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
II.ContinuationoftheSameBusiness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
III.TransferofTangibleandIntangibleAssets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
IV.TransferofEmployeesand/orKnow-How. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
F.DeviationinRelationtoEuropeanUnionLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
I.RighttoObject. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
II.TerminationofEmploymentintheContextoftheTransfer. . . . . 56
G.M&ATransactions:AssetandShareDeals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
H.Cross-BorderTransferofBusiness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
I.ExcerptsfromtheAustrianLawAmendingtheLabour
ContractLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
EddyLievens
A.Introduction/SourcesofLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
B.ExecutiveSummary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
C.TransferofBusinessinBelgium(overdrachtvanonderneming,
transfertd’entreprise). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
I.ScopeofApplication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
II.SafeguardingofEmployees’Rights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
III.ImpactontheEmployees’RepresentativesBodies. . . . . . . . . . 77
IV.ImpactonCollectiveAgreements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
V.ImpactonCompanyPensionEntitlements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
VI.Insolvency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
viii Contents
D.LeadingCases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
I.SupremeCourt(31March2003—S020084N)Consequences
ofTransferofBusinessonApplicationofCollectiveBargaining
Agreement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
II.LabourCourtofAppealofBrussels(7January2008–45.284
and10October2008–50.053)TransferofCateringwith
ReferencetoCarlitoAblerandOthers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
III.SupremeCourt(7May2012—S.10.0085.N)Transfer
ofCateringwithReferencetoCarlitoAblerandOthers. . . . . . . . . 87
IV.SupremeCourt(28January2013—S.11.0132.N). . . . . . . . . . . 87
E.GroupingofImportantCases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
I.LabourIntensiveActivities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
II.ActivitiesRequiringTangibleAssets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
F.DeviationinRelationtoEuropeanUnionLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
I.NoTimeLimitontheApplicabilityofCBAstotheTransferee. . . 88
II.TheIncorporationofIndividualRightsintheIndividual
TermsandConditionsofEmployment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
III.NoRightofRefusalfortheEmployees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
G.M&ATransactions:AssetandShareDeals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
I.AssetDeal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
II.ShareDeal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
H.Cross-BorderTransferofBusiness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
I.ExcerptsfromtheBelgianCollectiveBargainingAgreementno
32bisof7June1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 93
4.TheCzechRepublic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
PetrSamecandMarke´taCibulkova´
A.Introduction/SourcesofLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
B.ExecutiveSummary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
C.TransferofBusinessintheCzechRepublic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
I.ScopeofApplication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
II.SafeguardingofEmployees’Rights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
III.ImpactontheEmployees’RepresentativesBodies. . . . . . . . . . 120
IV.ImpactonCollectiveAgreements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
V.ImpactonCompanyPensionEntitlements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
VI.Insolvency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
D.LeadingCases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
I.CaseNo.21Cdo3046/2013(ResolutionoftheSupreme
Courtof24September2014). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
II.CaseNo.21Cdo2911/2012(ResolutionoftheSupreme
Courtof4November2013). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
III.CaseNo.21Cdo3945/2008(ResolutionoftheSupreme
Courtof14January2010). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
IV.CaseNo.21Cdo1840/2010(ResolutionoftheSupreme
Courtof22November2011). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Contents ix
V.CaseNo.21Cdo449/2008(ResolutionoftheSupreme
Courtof18December2008). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
VI.CaseNo.21Cdo1567/2006(ResolutionoftheSupreme
Courtof6September2007). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 127
VII.CaseNo.21Cdo2190/2009(ResolutionoftheSupreme
Courtof9September2010). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 127
E.GroupingofImportantCases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
I.ObjectofaContractforSale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
II.TransferofaPartofaBusiness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
III.TransferofObligations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
IV.RelationshipBetweentheBusinessandMembersofItsBoard. . . 130
F.DeviationinRelationtoEuropeanUnionLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
I.TerminologicalStructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
II.Insolvency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
III.SubstantialDetrimentalChangeinWorkingConditions. . . . . . . 131
G.M&ATransactions:AssetandShareDeals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
I.AssetDeal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
II.ShareDeal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
H.Cross-BorderTransferofBusiness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
I.Seven-CriteriaTestoftheEuropeanCourtofJustice. . . . . . . . . . 133
II.ApplicableLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
I.ExcerptsfromtheCzechLabourCode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
5.Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
JonasEnkegaardandKristineFriisNolsø
A.Introduction/SourcesofLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
B.ExecutiveSummary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
C.TransferofBusinessinDenmark(virksomhedsoverdragelse). . . . . . 147
I.ScopeofApplication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
II.SafeguardingofEmployees’Rights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
III.ImpactontheEmployees’RepresentativesBodies. . . . . . . . . . 162
IV.ImpactonCollectiveAgreements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
V.ImpactonCompanyPensionEntitlements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
VI.Insolvency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
D.LeadingCases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
I.SupremeCourtCase(U1970.807H). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
II.MaritimeandCommercialCourtCase(U1984.310SH). . . . . . . . 167
III.SupremeCourtCase(U1993.11H). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
IV.LabourCourtCaseRi-Bus(28June1994). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
V.SupremeCourtCaseScandic(U2001/1993H). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
VI.LabourCourtCaseNordren(25May2005). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
VII.HighCourtCase(U2009.307V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
VIII.HighCourtCaseConcordia./.Arriva(3March2011). . . . . . 168