Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Neurochronometrics of Mind

322 Pages·2003·13.741 MB·English

by  Vincent Walsh, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Stephen M. Kosslyn

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TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION
http://avaxho.me/blogs/ChrisRedfield
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TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION
A NEUROCHRONOMETRICS OF MIND
VINCENT WALSH AND ALVARO PASCUAL-LEONE
A BRADFORD BOOK
THE MIT PRESS
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS
LONDON, ENGLAND
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© 2003Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology
All rights reserved.No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or
mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval)
without permission in writing from the publisher.
This book was set in Bembo by Interactive Composition Corporation and was printed and bound
in the United States of America.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Walsh,Vincent,1961–
Transcranial magnetic stimulation:a neurochronometrics of mind / Vincent Walsh and
Alvaro Pascual-Leone.
p.;cm.
"A Bradford book."
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-262-23228-6 (hc :alk.paper)
1.Magnetic brain stimulation. I.Pascual-Leone,Alvaro. II.Title.
[DNLM: 1.Brain—physiopathology. 2.Magnetics—diagnostic use.
3.Cognition—physiology. 4.Diagnostic Imaging—methods. 5.Neuropsychology—methods.
WL 141 W227t 2003]
RC386.6.M32 W357 2003
616.89'13—dc21
2002035063
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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To Berndt-Ulrich Meyer,Simone Röricht,Marty Szuba,María Dolores Catalá,and Teresa García
Nicht nichts
ohne dich
aber nicht dasselbe.
(Not nothing
without you
but not the same)
Ohne Dich
—Erich Fried (1979)
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD: DRAWN TO NEUROMAGNETISM ix
by Stephen M. Kosslyn
PREFACE:A MAGNETICMANIFESTO xv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xix
1 INTRODUCTION:COGNITIVERESOLUTION 1
2 MAGNETSANDMINDSINHISTORY 11
3 THENUTSANDBOLTSOFTMS 39
4 CREATINGVIRTUALPATIENTS:A GUIDETOMECHANISM
ANDMETHODOLOGY 65
5 REAL-TIMENEUROPSYCHOLOGY:SINGLE-PULSETMS 95
6 DYNAMICNEUROPSYCHOLOGY:REPETITIVE-PULSETMS 127
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CONTENTS
7 THESELF-ENGINEERINGBRAIN 163
8 CANI BORROWYOURILLNESS? 199
9 CONVERGINGMETHODOLOGIES:A MEETINGOF
MIND’SMAPS 219
REFERENCES 231
NAME INDEX 281
SUBJECT INDEX 289
viii
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FOREWORD: DRAWN TO NEUROMAGNETISM
Cognitive neuroscience is founded on the idea that “the mind is what the brain
does.” Thisfieldisthelatestchapterinthecenturies-oldefforttounderstandthe
nature of mental functions such as memory,perception,language,and reasoning.
Cognitive neuroscience emerged from two kinds of developments,conceptual
and methodological.
First,conceptual advances have helped us to formulate new ways to ask
questions about the relation between the mind and brain.These developments
grew out of the computer metaphor that characterized cognitive psychology.As
originally conceived,this metaphor rested on the idea that the mind is like a
computer program,which can be understood independently of the hardware on
which it runs.This perspective explicitly marginalized facts about the brain,
which were considered largely irrelevant for understanding the mind.This view
made pragmatic sense when not much was known about the brain,but began to
be eroded as increasing numbers of facts about brain function emerged from the
neurologists’clinics and the neurophysiologists’laboratories.Researchers came
to realize that the brain is not a general purpose computer,designed to run any
program;rather,it evolved in a specific time and place,and its function grows in
large part out of its structure.The relation between structure and function be-
came increasingly clear as relatively self-contained systems,such as the retina,
were studied in detail.