Table Of Contentu ding the Body
J
1
eo Mot
I OM
Andrew Biel
Books of
Discovery
i j
sse ae SGBe P EI.
You entered this world with a
squirm. Since then it’s been one motion,
gesture and twist after another, with
the expectation that these actions will
continue for years to come. Yet, you
have probably given this topic—human
movement—only casual consideration.
It's time for that to change.
Trail Guide to Movement
Have a seat, Mr. Bones.
We've got you covered
on this one.
Sheesh, what's he
goti n this thing?
Trail Guide
to Movement «,
Building the Body in Motion
First Edition
Andrew Biel, LMP
Licensed Massage Practitioner
Illustrations by Robin Dorn, LMP
Licensed Massage Practitioner
First Edition
Copyright © 2015 text, illustrations by Books of Discovery.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, or by any electronic,
mechanical or other means, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.
Published by Books of Discovery
2539 Spruce St., Boulder, CO 80302 USA
www.booksofdiscovery.com
800.775.9227
Designer: Jessica Xavier of Planet X Design, Boulder, Colorado
Production Manager: Dana Ecklund
Printed in Canada by Kromar Printing, Winnipeg, Manitoba
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Biel, Andrew R.
Trail Guide to Movement: Building the Body in Motion
First Edition
Includes bibliographical references.
Includes index.
ISBN: 978-0-9914666-2-7
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014946448
15 141312111098765432
Disclaimer
The purpose of this product is to provide information for manual
therapists, instructors and students on the subject of kinesiology.
This book does not offer medical advice to the reader and is not
intended as a replacement for appropriate healthcare and treatment.
For such advice, readers should consult a licensed physician.
Books of Discovery's products are manufactured with vegetable-based ink
and paper that contains 10% post-consumer recycled fiber content. Since
1997 we have donated nearly $100,000 to reforestation and conservation
MIX
Paper from projects. Please visit Trees, Water and People at www.treeswaterpeople.org
responsible sources
FSC* C103113 and The Nature Conservancy at www.nature.org for more information.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 — Introduction In the Lab—Wolff's Law 38
39
In the Lab—Stacked and Compressed?
How to Use This Book
40
Cartilage
The Parts List
41
Fascial Tissues
A Day in the Life of Movement
42
Proper Fascia
Mobility in the 21st Century
42
Fascia Profunda
43
Muscle Envelope
43
Chapter 2 — The Essentials of Movement Septum
43
Aponeurosis
Kinesiology
Interosseous Membrane
Statics and Dynamics Retinaculum
Kinetics and Kinematics Joint Capsule
Mobility, Stability, Balance and Coordination Ligament and Tendon
Simultaneous and Sequential Movement Other Variations
Movement Patterns and Kinetic Chains Putting It All Together
Proportion, Symmetry and Compensation Bones, Fasciae and All the Rest
Functions of Your Connective Tissue Network
The Sunflower, Fluid and You
Chapter 3 —- Connective Tissue, Part 1
In the Lab—Local, Global, Internal and External
The Ubiquitous Material In the Lab—Collagen, Demand and Flushing
The Basics of Connective Tissue
The Recipe for Connective Tissue
Chapter 5 - Joints, Part 1
Cells
Extracellular Matrix Planes and Axes
In the Lab—A Detour Down the Meat Aisle Anatomical Position
Soft Tissue Properties Planes
Stretch Axes
Elasticity Movements of the Body
Plasticity Joints in General
Creep Joint Classification
Thixotropy Joint Structure
Tensile Strength Let’s Build a Synovial Joint
Piezoelectric Effect Types of Synovial Joints
Colloidal Joint Function
Types of Connective Tissue Joint Mobility and Stability
Considering Them Structurally Joint Chart
Considering Them Functionally
The Push and Pull of Your Tissues
Chart—A Connective Tissue Breakdown Chapter 6 — Joints, Part 2
Range of Motion
Active and Passive Range of Motion
Chapter 4 — Connective Tissue, Part 2
Hypermobility and Hypomobility
Bone End-Feel
Types of Bone Types of Joint Motion
Functions of Bone Closed and Open Kinetic Chains
Let’s Build a Bone Convex-Concave Rule
Structure of Bone Joint Surface Positions
Recipe for Building a Bone In the Lab—Rejected Bone and Joint Concepts
Major Parts of a Bone
Chapter 7 — Muscles, Part 1 a Chapter 10 — Nerves, Part 1 137%
Basics of Muscle Tissue oF Nerves and Muscles—The Dynamic Duo 138
Types of Muscle Tissue 92 Central Nervous System 139
Muscle and Fascia—The True Story 93 Peripheral Nervous System 140
Function 101—Contractions 94 Let’s Build a Neuron 141
Components of Skeletal Muscle 96 Parts of a Neuron 141
Let’s Build a Muscle 98 Functions 141
Build a Sarcomere 98 Classifications 141
Thick and Thin Filaments Og Synapse 142
Sliding Filament Mechanism 99 Neurons to Nerves 142
Contraction Cycle 100 The Wrapping 142
Myofibrils and Muscle Fibers 101 Peripheral Nerves 143
Plumbers and Electricians 102 Laying Out the Cable 145
The Wrap-Up 102 Plexi and Nerve Distribution in the Appendages 145
Functions of Muscle Tissue 103 Cervical Plexus 145
Properties of Muscle Tissue 104 Brachial Plexus 145
Axillary Nerve 146
Musculocutaneous Nerve 146
Chapter 8 — Muscles, Part 2 105 Radial Nerve 146
Median Nerve 147
Shapes and Arrangements of Muscles 106
Ulnar Nerve 147
Structure 106
Lumbar Plexus 148
Parallel and Pennate 107
Sacral Plexus 148
A Functional Comparison 108
Femoral Nerve 148
Two Contests 109
Obturator Nerve 149
Programming Our Muscle 110
Sciatic Nerve 149
Motor Units 110
Tibial Nerve 150
All-or-None 110
Common Peroneal Nerve 150
Spread Out 4)
How Much and How Fast? 111
Recruitment 111
Chapter 11 — Nerves, Part 2 151
Wave Summation iM
Types of Contractile Fibers bts Let's Flip the Switch 152
Three Types 3 Proprioception and Muscle Function 152
Ratios? 114 Sensors and Feedback 153
Types of Contractions HS Muscle Spindle Cells 153
Concentric 115 Vulnerable 153
Eccentric 415 The Stretch Reflex 154
Isometric 116 Golgi Tendon Organs 155
Reverse Actions 117 Lifting a Heavy Box 156
In the Lab—Tight, Short and Long Muscles 119 The Bowling Ball 156
Pacinian Corpuscles and Ruffini’s End Organs 157
| Can’t Shorten If You Don’t Lengthen 158
Chapter 9 — Muscles, Part 3 121 Reciprocal Inhibition and Other Reflexes 158
A Rubber Band Around a Stick 158
Roles of Muscles 122
In the Lab— 159
No Muscle Is an Island 124
Tonus (59
Factors That Affect a Muscle’s Role 126
Equilibrium Above All Else 159
In the Lab—
Reflexes 159
Passive and Active Insufficiency 128
Putting It Into Practice 160
The Psoas-less Sit-Up 129
The Neuromuscular System in Action 160
Bonus Actions of Muscles 129
Proprioceptive (In)Accuracy 160
Postural and Phasic Muscles 130
Levator Goes from 5 to 8.5 161
X Marks the Spot 131
Using Muscle Tissue’s Properties 161
Length and Speed Matter 133
Jyi,. Trail Guide
<i@ i \to Movement
ss
Stretch Reflex Versus Styles of Stretching 162 In the Lab— 196
Using the Stretch Reflex to Your Advantage 163 Other Postural Points-of-View 196
Relax with Your Golgi Tendon Organs 163 Healthy Posture 196
Post-lsometric Relaxation The Role of Soft Tissues in Upright Posture 197
and Reciprocal Inhibition 164 Building a Myofascial Core 198
In the Lab— 165 Building Postural Supporters 200
The Infant and Lifelong Patterns 165 Stability Dysfunction and Pain Patterns 201
Fun in a Doorway 165 Upright Postural Distortions 202
Kyphotic-Lordotic Posture 202
Rounded Back 202
Chapter 12 —- Biomechanics, Part 1 167 Swayback 203
Scoliosis 203
Biomechanics—The Basics 168
Torticollis 203
Statics and Dynamics 168
Flat Back 204
Osteokinematics and Arthrokinematics 168
Other Common Postural Distortions 205
Kinetics and Kinematics 168
Forward Head Posture 205
Force 169
Rounded Shoulders 205
Inertia and Mass 169
Raised Shoulder 205
Torque 169
Postural Elements in the Lower Limbs 206
Vector 170
Hyperpronation 206
Friction 170
Genu Valgum and Genu Varum 207
Velocity and Momentum 170
In the Lab—Sitting, Bending Over and Lying Down 208
Gravity 171
Laws of Motion 172
First—Law of Inertia 72
Chapter 15 — Gait 213
Second—Law of Acceleration Ws
Third—Law of Action-Reaction 174 Gait 214
Force in Depth 176 Stance and Swing Phases 215
Linear Force 176 Gait and the Hips 218
Parallel Force 7 In the Lab—Other Factors in Gait 219
Concurrent Force WW Muscle Activity During Gait 220
Torque in Depth 178 In the Lab—Furniture and Clothing 222
Abnormal Gaits 226
Muscular Weakness/Paralysis 226
Chapter 13 - Biomechanics, Part 2 181 Limitation of Joint Range of Motion 228
Neurological Involvement 229
Levers 182
Taking a Look Around 230
First-Class Lever 183
A Day in the Life of Movement, Part 2 234
Second-Class Lever 184
Third-Class Lever 185
In the Lab—Stability 186
Index and More 239
In the Lab—Stability, Balance and Motion 188
Review Questions and Answers 241
Objectives 248
Chapter 14 — Posture 191 Joint Range of Motion Chart 249
Glossary of Terms 251
Posture and Gait 192
Bibliography 257
Two Big Challenges $2
Index 20
Posture 192
Gait 19s
Standing Posture 194
How Do We Get You Upright? 194
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