Table Of ContentTrace Elements in
Abiotic and Biotic
Environments
Trace Elements in
Abiotic and Biotic
Environments
Alina Kabata-Pendias
Barbara Szteke
Boca Raton London New York
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Contents
List of Acronyms/Abbreviations .............................................................................xix
List of Data Units ....................................................................................................xxi
Preface.................................................................................................................. xxiii
The Periodic Table of Elements .............................................................................xxv
Authors .................................................................................................................xxvii
Chapter 1 Aluminum [Al, 27] ...............................................................................1
1.1 Introduction ...............................................................................1
1.2 Soils ...........................................................................................1
1.3 Waters ........................................................................................2
1.4 Air ..............................................................................................3
1.5 Plants .........................................................................................3
1.6 Humans ......................................................................................4
Chapter 2 Antimony [Sb, 51] .................................................................................7
2.1 Introduction ...............................................................................7
2.2 Soils ...........................................................................................7
2.3 Waters ........................................................................................9
2.4 Air ..............................................................................................9
2.5 Plants ....................................................................................... 10
2.6 Humans .................................................................................... 10
Chapter 3 Arsenic [As, 33] .................................................................................. 13
3.1 Introduction ............................................................................. 13
3.2 Soils ......................................................................................... 13
3.3 Waters ......................................................................................15
3.4 Air ............................................................................................ 16
3.5 Plants ....................................................................................... 16
3.6 Humans .................................................................................... 18
3.7 Animals ................................................................................... 21
Chapter 4 Barium [Ba, 56] ..................................................................................23
4.1 Introduction .............................................................................23
4.2 Soils .........................................................................................23
4.3 Waters ......................................................................................24
4.4 Air ............................................................................................25
4.5 Plants .......................................................................................25
4.6 Humans ....................................................................................25
v
vi Contents
Chapter 5 Beryllium [Be, 4] ................................................................................29
5.1 Introduction .............................................................................29
5.2 Soils .........................................................................................29
5.3 Waters ......................................................................................30
5.4 Air ............................................................................................ 31
5.5 Plants ....................................................................................... 31
5.6 Humans .................................................................................... 31
Chapter 6 Bismuth [Bi, 83] ................................................................................. 35
6.1 Introduction ............................................................................. 35
6.2 Soils ......................................................................................... 35
6.3 Waters ......................................................................................36
6.4 Air ............................................................................................36
6.5 Plants .......................................................................................36
6.6 Humans ....................................................................................37
Chapter 7 Boron [B, 5] ........................................................................................39
7.1 Introduction .............................................................................39
7.2 Soils .........................................................................................39
7.3 Waters ......................................................................................40
7.4 Air ............................................................................................ 41
7.5 Plants ....................................................................................... 41
7.6 Humans .................................................................................... 43
Chapter 8 Bromine [Br, 35] ................................................................................ 47
8.1 Introduction ............................................................................. 47
8.2 Soils ......................................................................................... 47
8.3 Waters ......................................................................................49
8.4 Air ............................................................................................49
8.5 Plants .......................................................................................49
8.6 Humans ....................................................................................50
Chapter 9 Cadmium [Cd, 48] ..............................................................................53
9.1 Introduction ............................................................................. 53
9.2 Soils ......................................................................................... 53
9.3 Waters ......................................................................................56
9.4 Air ............................................................................................ 57
9.5 Plants .......................................................................................58
9.6 Humans ....................................................................................60
9.7 Animals ...................................................................................63
Contents vii
Chapter 10 Cesium [Cs, 55] ..................................................................................65
10.1 Introduction ...........................................................................65
10.2 Soils .......................................................................................65
10.3 Waters ....................................................................................65
10.4 Air ..........................................................................................66
10.5 Plants .....................................................................................66
10.6 Cesium Isotopes .....................................................................67
10.6.1 Introduction ............................................................67
10.6.2 Soils ........................................................................ 67
10.6.3 Waters .....................................................................68
10.6.4 Air ...........................................................................68
10.6.5 Plants.......................................................................68
10.7 Humans ....................................................................................69
Chapter 11 Chlorine [Cl, 17] ................................................................................. 71
11.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 71
11.2 Soils .......................................................................................72
11.3 Waters ....................................................................................73
11.4 Air ..........................................................................................73
11.5 Plants .....................................................................................73
11.6 Humans .................................................................................. 74
Chapter 12 Chromium [Cr, 24] .............................................................................77
12.1 Introduction ...........................................................................77
12.2 Soils .......................................................................................77
12.3 Waters ....................................................................................79
12.4 Air .......................................................................................... 81
12.5 Plants .....................................................................................82
12.6 Humans ..................................................................................83
12.7 Animals .................................................................................85
Chapter 13 Cobalt [Co, 27] ...................................................................................87
13.1 Introduction ...........................................................................87
13.2 Soils .......................................................................................87
13.3 Waters ....................................................................................90
13.4 Air .......................................................................................... 91
13.5 Plants ..................................................................................... 91
13.6 Humans ..................................................................................92
13.7 Animals .................................................................................93
viii Contents
Chapter 14 Copper [Cu, 29] ..................................................................................97
14.1 Introduction ...........................................................................97
14.2 Soils .......................................................................................97
14.3 Waters .................................................................................. 101
14.4 Air ........................................................................................ 102
14.5 Plants ................................................................................... 102
14.6 Humans ................................................................................ 104
14.7 Animals ............................................................................... 105
Chapter 15 Fluorine [F, 9] ................................................................................... 109
15.1 Introduction ......................................................................... 109
15.2 Soils ..................................................................................... 110
15.3 Waters .................................................................................. 112
15.4 Air ........................................................................................ 112
15.5 Plants ................................................................................... 113
15.6 Humans ................................................................................ 115
Chapter 16 Gallium [Ga, 31] ............................................................................... 119
16.1 Introduction ......................................................................... 119
16.2 Soils ..................................................................................... 119
16.3 Waters ..................................................................................120
16.4 Air ........................................................................................ 121
16.5 Plants ................................................................................... 121
16.6 Humans ................................................................................ 121
Chapter 17 Germanium [Ge, 32] ......................................................................... 125
17.1 Introduction ......................................................................... 125
17.2 Soils ..................................................................................... 126
17.3 Waters ..................................................................................126
17.4 Air ........................................................................................ 127
17.5 Plants ................................................................................... 127
17.6 Humans ................................................................................ 127
Chapter 18 Gold [Au, 79] .................................................................................... 131
18.1 Introduction ......................................................................... 131
18.2 Soils ..................................................................................... 131
18.3 Waters ..................................................................................132
18.4 Air ........................................................................................ 133
18.5 Plants ................................................................................... 133
18.6 Humans ................................................................................ 134
Contents ix
Chapter 19 Hafnium [Hf, 72] .............................................................................. 137
19.1 Introduction ......................................................................... 137
19.2 Soils ..................................................................................... 137
19.3 Waters ..................................................................................138
19.4 Air ........................................................................................ 138
19.5 Plants ................................................................................... 139
19.6 Humans ................................................................................ 139
Chapter 20 Indium [In, 49] ................................................................................. 141
20.1 Introduction ......................................................................... 141
20.2 Soils ..................................................................................... 141
20.3 Waters .................................................................................. 142
20.4 Air ........................................................................................ 143
20.5 Plants ................................................................................... 143
20.6 Humans ................................................................................ 143
Chapter 21 Iodine [I, 53] ..................................................................................... 145
21.1 Introduction ......................................................................... 145
21.2 Soils ..................................................................................... 146
21.3 Waters .................................................................................. 147
21.4 Air ........................................................................................ 148
21.5 Plants ................................................................................... 148
21.6 Humans ................................................................................ 149
21.7 Animals ............................................................................... 152
Chapter 22 Iridium [Ir, 77] ................................................................................. 153
22.1 Introduction ......................................................................... 153
22.2 Environment ........................................................................ 153
22.3 Humans ................................................................................ 154
Chapter 23 Iron [Fe, 26] ...................................................................................... 155
23.1 Introduction ......................................................................... 155
23.2 Soils ..................................................................................... 156
23.3 Waters ..................................................................................158
23.4 Air ........................................................................................ 159
23.5 Plants ................................................................................... 160
23.6 Humans ................................................................................ 162
23.7 Animals ............................................................................... 164
