Table Of ContentTowards an Urban Nation
German Historical Perspectives Series
General Editors:
Gerhard A. Ritter and Anthony J. Nicholls
Volume I
Population, Labour and Migration in 19th- and 20th-Century Germany
Edited by Klaus J. Bade
Volume II
Wealth and Taxation in Central Europe: The History and Sociology of Public Finance
Edited by Peter-Christian Witt
Volume III
Nation-Building in Central Europe
Edited by Hagen Schulze
Volume IV
Elections, Parties and Political Traditions: Social Foundations of German Parties and Party Systems
Edited by Karl Rohe
Volume V
Economic Crisis and Political Collapse: The Weimar Republic, 1924–1933
Edited by Jürgen Baron von Kruedener
Volume VI
Escape into War: The Foreign Policy of Imperial Germany
Edited by Gregor Schöllgen
Volume VII
German Unification: The Unexpected Challenge
Edited by Dieter Grosser
Volume VIII
Germany’s New Position in Europe: Problems and Perspectives
Edited by Arnulf Baring
Volume IX
Western Europe and Germany: The Beginnings of European Integration 1945–1960
Edited by Clemens Wurm
Volume X
The Military in Politics and Society in France and Germany in the Twentieth Century
Edited by Klaus-Jürgen Müller
Volume XI
Culture in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1945–1995
Edited by Reiner Pommerin
Volume XII
The Problem of Revolution in Germany, 1789–1989
Edited by Reinhard Rürup
Volume XIII
Science in the Third Reich
Edited by Margit Szöllösi-Janze
Volume XIV
The Third Reich Between Vision and Reality
Edited by Hans Mommsen
Volume XV
The Divided Past: Rewriting Post-war German History
Edited by Christoph Kleßmann
German Historical Perspectives/XVI
Towards an Urban Nation
Germany since 1780
Edited by
FRIEDRICH LENGER
Oxford•New York
First published in 2002 by
Berg
Editorial offices:
150 Cowley Road, Oxford, OX4 1JJ, UK
838 Broadway, Third Floor, New York, NY 10003-4812, USA
© Friedrich Lenger 2002
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without
the written permission of Berg.
Berg is the imprint of Oxford International Publishers Ltd.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 185973586X(Cloth)
Typeset by JS Typesetting, Wellingborough, Northants.
Printed in the United Kingdom by Biddles Ltd, Guildford and King’s Lynn.
Contents
Editorial Preface
Gerhard A. Ritter andAnthony J. Nicholls vii
Acknowledgements ix
Introduction: Urban History and the History of Urbanization in
Germany
Friedrich Lenger 1
Urbanization and the Spread of an Urban Culture in Germany in
the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Klaus Tenfelde 13
Burgher Cities on the Road to a Civil Society: Germany 1780 to
1870
Gisela Mettele 43
Burghers and other Townspeople – Social Inequality, Civic Welfare
and Municipal Tasks during Nineteenth-Century Urbanization
Sylvia Schraut 69
Building and Perceiving the City: Germany around 1900
Friedrich Lenger 87
Normal Pollution: Industrialization, Emissions and the Concept of
Zoning in Germany, 1800–1970
Franz-Josef Brüggemeier 107
Urban Society and Urban Politics in Germany between the Wars
Hans-Ulrich Thamer 127
Urban Reconstruction and Urban Development in Germany after
1945
Axel Schildt 141
Three Cities, Three City Models – Urban Development: Perspectives
for the Twenty-first Century
Stefan Zappe 163
Notes on Contributors 185
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Editorial Preface
The purpose of this series of books is to present the results
of research by German historians and social scientists to readers in
English-speaking countries. Each of the volumes has a particular
theme that will be handled from different points of view by specialists.
The series is not limited to the problems of Germany but will also
involve publications dealing with the history of other countries, with
the general problems of political, economic, social and intellectual
history as well as international relations and studies in comparative
history.
We hope the series will help to overcome the language barrier that
experience has shown obstructs the rapid appreciation of German
research in English-speaking countries.
The publication of the series is closely associated with the German
Visiting Fellowship at St Antony’s College, Oxford, which has existed
since 1965, having been originally funded by the Volkswagen Stiftung,
later by the British Leverhulme Trust, by the Ministry of Education
and Science in the Federal Republic of Germany, and starting in 1990,
by the Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft with special
funding from C. & A. Mode Düsseldorf. Each volume is based on a
series of seminars held in Oxford, which has been conceived and
directed by the Visiting Fellow and organized in collaboration with
St Antony’s College.
The editors wish to thank the Stifterverband für die Deutsche
Wissenschaft for meeting the expenses of the original lecture series
and for generous assistance with the publication. They hope that this
enterprise will help to overcome national introspection and to further
international academic discourse and co-operation.
Gerhard A. Ritter Anthony J. Nicholls
vii
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Acknowledgements
The present volume originated in a series of lectures
organized at the European Studies Centre of St Antony’s College in
Oxford in Hilary Term 1998. I am most grateful to the Warden and
Fellows of St Antony’s and to the Stifterverband für die Deutsche
Wissenschaft who enabled me to spend the academic year 1997/8 as
a visiting fellow in Oxford and thus provided the opportunity for
organizing a seminar on German urbanization. Amongst the many
people who were responsible for my friendly reception at St Antony’s
and for a highly stimulating intellectual environment I would like to
single out Anthony J. Nicholls, Director of the European Studies
Centre, whose cordial support was crucial.
Here in Giessen Renate Lange, Justin Salisbury and above all Dr
Rainer Liedtke took over a considerable part of the editorial work. I
owe thanks to them as well as to Melanie Aspey (London) who assisted
with the language correction of the English texts. I should like to
express my gratitude to the Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen for
funding her work.
Friedrich Lenger
Giessen
ix
