Table Of ContentToward the United Front
Historical
Materialism
Book Series
Editorial Board
Sébastien Budgen, Paris – Steve Edwards, London
Marcel van der Linden, Amsterdam – Peter Thomas, London
VOLUME 34
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/hm
Toward the United Front
Proceedings of the Fourth Congress
of the Communist International, 1922
Edited and translated by
John Riddell
LEIDEN • BOSTON
2012
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Communist International. Congress (4th : 1922 : Petrograd, R.S.F.S.R., and Moscow, Russia)
Toward the united front : proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the Communist International,
1922 / edited and translated by John Riddell.
p. cm. — (Historical materialism book series ; 34)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-90-04-20778-3 (hbk. : alk. paper) 1. Communist International—Congresses. I. Riddell,
John, 1942- II. Title. III. Series.
HX11.I5A546 1922
324.1’75—dc23
2011026761
Translation, annotation, and introduction copyright (c) 2011 by John Riddell.
ISSN 1570-1522
ISBN 978 90 04 20778 3
Copyright 2012 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing,
IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in
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Fees are subject to change.
Contents
List of Speakers ................................................................................................ ix
Resolutions and Appeals ............................................................................... xi
Editorial Introduction ..................................................................................... 1
About This Edition .......................................................................................... 55
Acknowledgements ........................................................................................ 61
Proceedings
Session 1. Opening Session (5 November) ................................................. 63
Session 2. Report of the Executive Committee (9 November) ................. 91
Session 3. Report of the Executive Committee (10 November) ............... 119
Session 4. Discussion of Executive Committee Report (11 November) .... 157
Session 5. Discussion of Executive Committee Report (11 November) .... 191
Session 6. Discussion of Executive Committee Report (12 November) ... 225
Session 7. Discussion of Executive Committee Report (12 November) .... 253
Session 8. Five Years of the Russian Revolution (13 November) ............ 293
Session 9. Five Years of the Russian Revolution (14 November) ............ 319
Session 10. Five Years of the Russian Revolution (14 November) .......... 347
Session 11. The Capitalist Offensive (15 November) ................................ 373
Session 12. Fascism; the Capitalist Offensive (16 November) ................. 403
Session 13. Credentials Report; the Capitalist Offensive
(17 November) ............................................................................................. 435
Session 14. Programme (18 November) ...................................................... 479
Session 15. Programme (18 November) .................................................... 519
Session 16. Trade Unions (20 November) ................................................. 529
Session 17. Trade Unions (20 November) ................................................. 569
Session 18. Trade Unions; Programme; Workers’ Aid (21 November) .... 621
Session 19. The Eastern Question (22 November) ................................... 649
Session 20. The Eastern Question (23 November) ................................... 707
Session 21. The Agrarian Question (24 November) ................................ 739
Session 22. The Agrarian Question; Youth; Blacks (25 November) ...... 773
Session 23. The Cooperative Movement (25 November) ....................... 813
vi • Contents
Session 24. Communist Work among Women (27 November) ............. 837
Session 25. Educational Work; Versailles Treaty (28 November) ......... 875
Session 26. Versailles Treaty; Austria; Executive Reorganisation
(29 November) ........................................................................................... 903
Session 27. Executive Reorganisation; Yugoslavia; Egypt; Black
Question; Agrarian Question; Worker’s Aid (30 November) ............. 935
Session 28. France (1 December) ................................................................ 963
Session 29. France, Spain, Denmark, Executive, Youth (2 December) ... 1005
Session 30. Italy; Czechoslovakia (4 December) ....................................... 1031
Session 31. Workers’ Aid; Yugoslavia; Norway (5 December) .............. 1069
Session 32. Various Resolutions; Election of ECCI; Close of Congress
(5 December) .............................................................................................. 1093
Appendix: Resolutions and Statements
1. Statement by Domski ............................................................................. 1121
2. Protest by the American Commission ................................................. 1122
3. Political Resolution on the French Question ...................................... 1123
4. Decisions on the Reorganisation of the Executive Committee
and Its Future Activity .......................................................................... 1133
5. Resolution on the Italian Question ...................................................... 1138
6. Resolution on the Versailles Treaty ..................................................... 1143
7. On the Tactics of the Comintern .......................................................... 1149
7a. December 1921 Theses on the Workers’ United Front ...................... 1164
8. Open Letter to the Second International and the Vienna
Association .............................................................................................. 1174
9. Theses on the Eastern Question ........................................................... 1180
10. The Educational Work of the Communist Parties ............................. 1191
11. Programme of Work and Struggle for the French Communist
Party ......................................................................................................... 1194
12. Theses on Communist Activity in the Trade Unions ........................ 1199
Chronology .................................................................................................... 1207
Glossary .......................................................................................................... 1211
Biographical Notes ........................................................................................ 1217
Bibliography .................................................................................................. 1257
Index ............................................................................................................... 1271
List of Speakers
Session 1. Opening Session (5 November)
Zetkin 63, Zinoviev 64, Zetkin 77, Kon 80, Béron 83, Azzario 85,
Katayama 87, Kolarov 89
Session 2. Report of the Executive Committee (9 November)
Humbert-Droz 91, Zinoviev 94
Session 3. Report of the Executive Committee (10 November)
Zinoviev 119, Bordiga 132, Radek 132, Vajtauer 133, Ernst Meyer 136,
Varga 141, Fischer 144, Neurath 149
Session 4. Discussion of Executive Committee Report (11 November)
Becker 157, Radek 160, Duret 169, Bordiga 178, Graziadei 185
Session 5. Discussion of Executive Committee Report (11 November)
Humbert-Droz 191, Michalkowski 194, Murphy 197, Haakon Meyer 202,
Bukharin 205, Carr 213, Faure 217
Session 6. Discussion of Executive Committee Report (12 November)
Rosmer 226, Radek 235, Ravesteyn 235, Landler 236, Acevedo 236,
Domski 237, Kolarov 242, Seiden 244, Bukharin 245, Landler 245,
Katayama 249, Rákosi 250
Session 7. Discussion of Executive Committee Report (12 November)
Marshall 253, Sullivan 256, Friedländer 260, Vujović 260,
Tan Malaka 261, Zinoviev 265, Scoccimarro 287, Graziadei 288,
Duret 288, Souvarine 289, Dormoy 289, Peluso 289, Ernst Meyer 289,
Péri 291, Domski 292
Session 8. Five Years of the Russian Revolution (13 November)
Lenin 293, Clara Zetkin 305
Session 9. Five Years of the Russian Revolution (14 November)
Clara Zetkin (continued) 319, Béla Kun 337
Session 10. Five Years of the Russian Revolution (14 November)
Trotsky 347
Session 11. The Capitalist Offensive (15 November)
Radek 373
Session 12. Fascism; the Capitalist Offensive (16 November)
Bordiga 403, Šmeral 423, Pullman 427, Urbahns 431
Session 13. Credentials Report; the Capitalist Offensive (17 November)
viii • List of Speakers
Eberlein 435, Radić 442, Humbert-Droz 443, Radek 443, Ravesteyn 444,
Stern 448, Harry Webb 452, Hoernle 457, Clara Zetkin 461, Welti 461,
Rosmer 462, Radek 462, Zinoviev 475, Welti 475
Session 14. Programme (18 November)
Bukharin 479, Thalheimer 501
Session 15. Programme (18 November)
Kabakchiev 519
Session 16. Trade Unions (20 November)
Lozovsky 529, Clarke 561, Lansing 563
Session 17. Trade Unions (20 November)
Heckert 569, Lauridan 574, Hertha Sturm 587, Tasca 591, Garden 596,
Pavlik 600, Vercik 602, Kucher 605, Rosmer 609, Cachin 612, Orhan 613
Session 18. Trade Unions; Programme; Workers’ Aid (21 November)
Lozovsky 621, Bukharin 631, Zinoviev 631, Bordiga 632, Radek 633,
Béron 633, Münzenberg 634
Session 19. The Eastern Question (22 November)
Ravesteyn 649, Kolarov 650, Overstraeten 650, Ravesteyn 651,
Roy 686, Katayama 694, Tahar Boudengha 700, Béron 705
Session 20. The Eastern Question (23 November)
Webb 708, Liu Renjing 711, Husni el-Arabi 714, Earsman 716,
Safarov 719, Orhan 723, Nikbin 726, Radek 727, Bunting 736
Session 21. The Agrarian Question (24 November)
Varga 739, Renaud Jean 750, Teodorovich 757, Joss 763,
Rieu 765, Pauker 767
Session 22. The Agrarian Question; Youth; Blacks (25 November)
Kostrzewa 773, Katayama 778, Varga 780, Schüller 783, Billings 800,
McKay 807
Session 23. The Cooperative Movement (25 November)
Meshcheriakov 813, Lauridan 824, Henriet 828, Khinchuk 835
Session 24. Communist Work among Women (27 November)
Clara Zetkin 837, Hertha Sturm 852, Smidovich 864, Kasparova 868,
Murphy 871
Session 25. Educational Work; Versailles Treaty (28 November)
Hoernle 875, Krupskaya 883, Cachin 887, Gennari 894, Šmeral 894,
Radić 898
Session 26. Versailles Treaty; Austria; Executive Reorganisation
(29 November)
Murphy 903, Keller 908, Connolly 912, Friedländer 915, Béron 921,
Eberlein 925
List of Speakers • ix
Session 27. Executive Reorganisation; Yugoslavia; Egypt; Black Question;
Agrarian Question; Workers’ Aid (30 November)
Bordiga 935, Kolarov 937, Grün 937, Katayama 941, Eberlein 943,
Radić 945, Katayama 946, Sasha 947, Varga 951, Feliks Kon 959,
Marchlewski 961
Session 28. France (1 December)
Trotsky 963
Session 29. France, Spain, Denmark, Executive, Youth (2 December)
Cachin 1005, Renoult 1007, Souvarine 1008, Renaud Jean 1008,
Canellas 1009, Trotsky 1010, Humbert-Droz 1012, Kuusinen 1021,
Eberlein 1023, Schüller 1025
Session 30. Italy; Czechoslovakia (4 December)
Zinoviev 1031, Bordiga 1055, Serrati 1055, Graziadei 1057, Radek 1057,
Šturc 1066, Šmeral 1066
Session 31. Workers’ Aid; Yugoslavia; Norway (5 December)
Münzenberg 1069, Kon 1072, Stanić 1079, Radić 1080, Marynko 1080,
Bukharin 1080
Session 32. Various Resolutions; Election of ECCI; Close of Congress
(5 December)
Haakon Meyer 1093, Connolly 1094, Hoernle 1096, Bordiga 1100,
Zetkin 1102, Kolarov 1104, Billings 1106, Grün 1106, Torp 1106,
Kolarov 1107, Zinoviev 1109
