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Israel W. Charny
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ISBN 978-0-367-21417-3
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Toward the Understanding
and Prevention of Genocide
Westview Replica Editions
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About the Book and Editor
Toward the Understanding and Prevention of Genocide:
Proceedings of the International Conference
on the Holocaust and Genocide
edited by Israel W. Chamy
The historic International Conference on the Holocaust and
Genocide took place in 1982 in the face of opposition from the
government of Israel, following threats from the Turkish govern-
ment over Armenian participation. This book brings together tran-
scripts of the round table discussions from the conference and
emphasizes proposals for the prevention of future acts of geno-
cide. The contributors provide case studies, look at the emer-
gence of nuclear and other threats to the survival of the human
race, and consider the role of the arts, religion, and education
in understanding and preventing genocide.
Israel W. Charny, associate professor of psychology at the
School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University and executive direc-
tor of the Institute of the International Conference on the
Holocaust and Genocide, is the author of How Can We Commit the
Unthinkable? Genocide: The Human Cancer (Westview, 1982).
A Publication of the Institute
of the International Conference
on the Holocaust and Genocide
Toward the Understanding
and Prevention of Genocide
Proceedings of the International Conference
on the Holocaust and Genocide
edited by Israel W. Chamy
I~ ~~0~1~;n~~~up
LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published 1984 by Westview Press
Published 2018 by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group,
an informa business
Copyright © 1984 by Israel W. Charny
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying and recording, or in any information
storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from
the publishers.
Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Conference on the Holocaust and Genocide
(1st: 1982: Tel Aviv, Israel)
Toward the understanding and prevention of genocide.
(Westview replica edition)
1. Genocide--Congresses. 2. Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)--Congresses.
I. Charny, Israel W. II. Title
JX5418.I57 1982 341.7'7 84-15241
ISBN 13: 978-0-367-21417-3(hbk)
Contents
EDITOR'S PREFACE xvii
PART I
SCENARIOS OF GENOCIDE PAST AND FUTURE
1 Scenarios of Genocide: Models of Genocide
and Critical Responses 3
Helen Fein, Ph.D., Center for Poliay Researah,
New York
The author of "Accounting for Genocide" develops a
remarkable series of fictional scenarios or scripts
depicting both familiat and potential new patterns
of genocide under diff~rent conditions of historical,
political and social o~ganization. These "templates"
of future events of ma s murder are gripping reading
for both scholars and orld leaders, and an exceptional
teaching tool. In a c ncluding section on "critical
responses to genocide,i' Fein also discusses strategies
for aborting or reversi g "deadly endings."
2 Types of Genocide and ss Murder
Leo Kuper, Ph.D., Dept. of Soaiology, University
of California, Los A eles
32
A typology of genocide: against indigenous peoples;
following decolonization of a two-tier structure of
domination; in the process of struggle for power by
ethnic, racial or religious groups, or struggles for
autonomy or secession; against hostage or scapegoat
groups; and mass murder of political groups.
vii
PART II
CASE STUDIES
3 Pol Pot's Cambodia: Was It Genocide?
David Ha:b)k, Fol'!l1er Exeautive Direator,
Amnesty International, (U.S.A.)
51
Even under a restricted definition of genocide the
mass murders in Cambodia were genocide, since there
were target groups such as the Chams - an Islamic
minority - and the Buddhist monks. Were it not for
political cynicism and indifference, Cambodia, which
is a signator to the Genocide Convention, could be
an instructive instance of enforcement of the
Convention.
4 The Soviet Gulag: Is It Genocidal?
Lyman H. Legters, Ph.D., University of Washington
60
Genocide is a specific type of crime and does not
embrace all forms of mass murder. Nonetheless, if
the Sovi~slaughter of fifteen million peasants is
omitted, it will "weaken and even trivialize the
judicial concept of genocide."
5 The Man-Made Famine of 1933 in the Soviet Ukraine:
What Happened and Why?
James E. Maae, Ph.D., Harvard University
67
Five to seven million Ukrainians died in a man-made
famine whose purpose was "to destroy the Ukrainian
nation as a political factor and social organism."
Churchill reported that Stalin, who otherwise dis-
claimed reports of starving dead as fairy tales,
admitted in a conversation with him to ten million
dead.
6 Genocide and Denial: The Armenian Case
Riahard G. Hovannisian, Ph.D., University of
California, Los Angeles
84
The denial of the Armenian genocide by Turkey is an
effort to avoid responsibility and the moral, material,
and political consequences of admission. Turkish
writers and scholars are unable to deal with their
national past honestly and are drawn into wheels of
falsification and rationalization.
7 What Genocide? What Holocaust? News From Turkey,
1915-23: A Case Study
Marjorie Housepian-Dobkin, M.A., Litt. D., Offiae
of the Dean of Studies, Barnard College,
Columbia University
100
The evidence of the Turkish extermination of the
Armenians "alas, is irrefutable," said Alan Dulles,
viii
then Chief of Staff to the American High Commissioner
in Constantinople. Yet before too many years passed,
the American press was often treating the "two sides"
of the story evenhandedly. "Denying the crime of
genocide can only encourage and indeed ensure the
repetition of genocide."
8 Gypsies and Jews: Chosen People
Leita Kaldi, Romania of Massachusetts
113
Like the Jews, the Gypsies were the objects of
genocide by the Nazis. A touching description of
the Gypsy people - at once a lusty "outdoor people ..•
who resist temptations of power," and a people who
"live in the shadows of our societies, shrouded in
fear, suspicion and secrecy."
9 Tibet: A Case of Eradication of Religion Leading
to Genocide
Phuntsog Wangyal, M.A., M. Phil., Office of the
Dalai Lama, London
119
The genocidal killings of the Tibetans are on a
scale that may match those of Pol Pot. It is likely
that Tibetans "will finally vanish as an ethnic
group ••. The Tibetan people now undergoing genocide
would like to hope that their suffering could
contribute to the prevention of similar human
suffering."
PART III
DYNAMICS OF GENOCIDE
10 From Holocaust to Genocides
Monty N. Penkower, Ph.D., Touro College, New York
129
The West could have checked the tempo of the Final
Solution. "An obtuse world persists in dis-
regarding the warning signals that came from the
smokestacks of the crematoria; power-politics-as-
usual tolerates genocides and mass murders."
11 Societal Madness: Impotence, Power and Genocide
Ronald Aronson, Ph.D., Division of Humanities,
Wayne State University
137
An integrated analysis of three genocides - the
Holocaust, the liquidation of twenty million Soviets
by Stalin, and the American war campaign in Vietnam.
"Each instance comes from the depths of a society,"
and is an irrational or "mad" effort to rid the society
of its impotence through a deranged sense of omnipotence.
ix
