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The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations. As the leading  2:
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international organization in the field of tourism, UNWTO promotes responsible, sustainable and universally  22 
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accessible tourism. It serves as a global forum for tourism policy issues and a practical source of tourism  7, 
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know-how. UNWTO’s membership includes 157 Member States, 6 Associate Members, 2 permanent  er 
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observers and 500 Affiliate Members representing the private sector, educational institutions, tourism  e
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associations and local tourism authorities. D
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Capitán Haya 42, 28020 Madrid, Spain e
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World Tourism Organization Tel: (+34) 915 67 81 00 / Fax: (+34) 915 71 37 33 u
omt @ UNWTO.org / www.UN.WTO.org
with the support of :
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4 Tourism and Culture Partnership  
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3 in Peru 
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P  Models for Collaboration between Tourism, Culture and Community 
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dr Copyright © 2016, World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
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M - I Tourism and Culture Partnership in Peru – Models for Collaboration between Tourism, Culture and Community 
P ISBN (printed version):   978-92-844-1758-2 
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5 ISBN (electronic version):  978-92-844-1759-9
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2  Published by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO).  
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0 First printing: 2016 
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7,  All rights reserved.
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er  Printed in Spain.
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e The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinions 
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y,  whatsoever on the part of the publishers concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities 
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9 -  The opinions contained in this publication are exclusive from the authors and do not necessarily reflect UNWTO’s point 
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92 World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)     Tel.: (+34) 915 678 100 
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7 Calle Capitán Haya, 42  Fax: (+34) 915 713 733     
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1/ 28020 Madrid       Website: www.unwto.org 
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8 Spain  E-mail: [email protected]
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o Citation:   World Tourism Organization (2016), Tourism and Culture Partnership in Peru – Models for Collaboration 
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oi/b between Tourism, Culture and Community, UNWTO, Madrid.
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o.or All UNWTO publications are protected by copyright. Therefore, and unless otherwise specified, no part of an UNWTO 
wt publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, 
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u including photocopying, microfilm, scanning, without prior permission in writing. UNWTO encourages dissemination of its 
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Calle Monte Esquinza, 14     Fax: (+34) 913 08 63 27  
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Table of contents 
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1 Acknowledgments  7
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0. Foreword  9
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M - I Introduction  13
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5 Objectives  15
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2    Chapter 1  General framework for a triangular partnership: tourism, culture and community  17
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7,    1.1  Tourism and culture  17
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59   2.1  The importance of tourism at national level  29
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84   2.2  Tourism figures in Peru  30
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9   2.3  Competitiveness and economic impact of tourism in Peru  31
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18   2.4  Structural limits and improvements for tourism in Peru  31
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  4.1  Festivities and celebrations  48
  4.2  Gastronomy  51
  4.3  Creative industries   55
  4.4  Cultural routes  64
Chapter 5  The Peruvian community  67
   5.1  Linguistic pluralism and multiculturalism  67
  5.2  Community: dynamic entity  68
  5.3  The essence: popularity  68
  5.4  Variants of cultural/community tourism   69
1    5.5  Variants of the term “community”   70
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13.   5.6  The role of the community in community cultural tourism   71
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0.2   5.7  The Rural Community Tourism Program  72
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M - IP    Chapter 7  Strategies for strengthening the partnership among tourism, culture and community  81
8 P   7.1  Degree of interdependency between tourism and culture   81
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7, 2   7.2  Efforts to achieve harmony between tourists and the host community  86
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9   Chapter 8  Cultural contents utilization  95
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8.4.2  Public and private sector relationships  102
  Chapter 9  System of tourism policies: heritage management  105
  9.1  Mechanisms for collaboration between the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism and the 
Ministry of Culture  105
9.1.1  Strategies for developing a system of professionals trained in cultural tourism  107
9.1.2  Diversification of tourist destinations through cultural heritage  108
9.1.3  Cooperation among the central government, local authorities and the community  108
9.2  Tourism policy system  109
9.2.1  Agreements for consolidation of a roadmap   109
9.2.2  Coordination and cooperation between the public and private sectors  109
  9.3  System of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET)  110
9.3.1   Management mechanisms  112
9.3.2  Specialized human resources  113
9.3.3  Legislation and certification for cultural tourism guides   113
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14 Conclusions and recommendations  115
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32. Biographies  119
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s: List of figures and tables  121
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T  7
Acknowledgments
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13. The study Tourism and Culture Partnership in Peru was conducted under the guidance and 
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32. supervision of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and consultant Federico Esper, based 
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90. on content developed by the following group of experts on cultural tourism (in alphabetical order): 
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ss: Rafo León, Greg Richards, Jeungah Ryoo and Jordi Tresserras. 
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5 Cho. Special mention should also be made of Carlos Vogeler and Alejandro Varela, of the Regional 
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7, 2 UNWTO wishes to express its thanks for their close cooperation during the study to the Ministry, 
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er  and most especially the Minister of Foreign Trade and Tourism of Peru, Her Excellency Magali 
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m Silva, as well as the Vice Minister for Tourism, Her Excellency María del Carmen de Reparaz, and 
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D her valuable team, represented by Laura Alegría. Sincere thanks go as well to Richard Bazan, 
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a Federico Esper, Huaqiu Gan, Rafo León, Mirian Isabel Maldonado, Claudia Mansen, Yolanda 
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u Sansegundo, Leoncio Santos, Jordi Tresserras and Jin Yung Woo (in alphabetical order) for their 
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9 -  contributions to organizing the seminar Models for Cooperation among Tourism, Culture and 
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7 Community, held in Lima on 11–12 May 2015 as an essential part of this project. 
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8 UNWTO also wishes to express its thanks to the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of the 
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1/ Republic of Korea and the Korea Tourism Organization (KTO) for their sponsorship of the study, 
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18 without which this publication would not have been possible. 
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