Toughening Mechanisms in Composite Materials

398 Pages·2015·43.328 MB·English

by  Qinghua Qin, Jianqiao Ye

Toughening Mechanisms in Composite
Materials
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Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites
Science and Engineering: Number 55
Toughening Mechanisms
in Composite Materials
Edited by
Qinghua Qin and Jianqiao Ye
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List of contributors
G. Allegri Imperial College London, London, UK
S.ArabySchool ofEngineering, UniversityofSouthAustralia (UniSA), Salisbury,
SA, Australia
C. B. Emrullahoglu Abi Afyon Kocatepe University,Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
K. Bilge Sabanci University,Istanbul,Turkey
M. Esmkhani Iran UniversityofScience and Technology,Tehran, Iran
S.M. GhoreishiIranUniversity ofScience and Technology, Tehran, Iran
M. Kasˇiarova´ Slovak Academyof Sciences, Kosˇice, Slovak Republic
V. Kompisˇ UniversityofZˇilina,Zˇilina, Slovakia
T. Kusaka Ritsumeikan University,Kusatsu, Japan
J.K. Lander Rolls-Royce Plc, Derby, UK
X. LinUniversity ofNew South Wales,Canberra, ACT, Australia
X. LiuBeijing Universityof Technology, Beijing, China
J. Ma School ofEngineering, Universityof South Australia (UniSA),
Salisbury, SA,Australia
Q. Meng School ofEngineering, UniversityofSouthAustralia (UniSA),
Salisbury, SA,Australia
Z. Mouti Eaton, West Midlands,UK
Z. Murcˇinkova´ Technical University, Kosˇice, Slovakia
J. Njuguna Robert Gordon University,Aberdeen, UK
M. Papila SabanciUniversity, Istanbul, Turkey
x Listofcontributors
I.K. Partridge UniversityofBristol, Bristol, UK
Q.H.Qin Australian National University,Acton, ACT, Australia
M. Quaresimin Universityof Padova, Vicenza, Italy
M. Salviato Universityof Padova, Vicenza, Italy, and Northwestern University,
Evanston, IL,USA
M.M. Shokrieh Iran Universityof Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
P.TatarkoSlovakAcademyofSciences,Kosˇice,SlovakRepublic,andQueenMary
University ofLondon,London,UK
H. Tian TheUniversity ofNew South Wales,Canberra, ACT, Australia
K. Westwood Eaton, West Midlands,UK
Q.-S. Yang Beijing Universityof Technology, Beijing, China
M. Yasaee Universityof Bristol, Bristol,UK
M. Zappalorto Universityof Padova, Vicenza, Italy
Y.X.Zhang The UniversityofNew South Wales, Canberra, ACT,Australia
M. Zˇminda´k Universityof Zˇilina, Zˇilina, Slovakia
Woodhead Publishing Series
in Composites Science and
Engineering
1 Thermoplasticaromaticpolymercomposites
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2 Designandmanufactureofcompositestructures
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3 Handbookofpolymercompositesforengineers
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4 Optimisationofcompositestructuresdesign
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7 Thermosetresinsforcomposites
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9 Compositematerials
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14 Mechanicaltestingofadvancedfibrecomposites
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15 Integrateddesignandmanufactureusingfibre-reinforcedpolymericcomposites
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20 Polymernanocomposites
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21 Propertiesandperformanceofnatural-fibrecomposite
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EditedbyR.Martin
23 Tribologyofnaturalfiberpolymercomposites
N.ChandandM.Fahim
24 Wood-polymercomposites
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25 Delaminationbehaviourofcomposites
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26 Scienceandengineeringofshortfibrereinforcedpolymercomposites
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27 Failureanalysisandfractographyofpolymercomposites
E.S.Greenhalgh
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29 Materials,designandmanufacturingforlightweightvehicles
EditedbyP.K.Mallick
30 Fatiguelifepredictionofcompositesandcompositestructures
EditedbyA.P.Vassilopoulos
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EditedbyS.C.TjongandY-W.Mai
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33 Interfaceengineeringofnaturalfibrecompositesformaximumperformance
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34 Polymer-carbonnanotubecomposites
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35 Non-crimpfabriccomposites:Manufacturing,propertiesandapplications
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36 Compositereinforcementsforoptimumperformance
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37 Polymermatrixcompositesandtechnology
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38 Compositejointsandconnections
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39 Machiningtechnologyforcompositematerials
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46 Ceramicnanocomposites
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othermaterialscontainingnanoparticles
EditedbyJ.Njuguna,K.PielichowskiandH.Zhu
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53 FatigueofTextileComposites
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55 TougheningMechanismsinCompositeMaterials
EditedbyQ.QinandJ.Ye
1
Introduction to the composite
and its toughening mechanisms
Q.H.Qin
Australian National University, Acton,ACT, Australia
1.1 Basic concepts
Theword“composite”usuallysignifiesthattwoormoreseparatematerialsarecom-
binedonamacroscopicscaletoformastructuralunitforvariousengineeringappli-
cations. Each of the material components may have distinct thermal, mechanical,
electrical,magnetic,optical,andchemicalproperties.Itisnotedthatacompositecom-
posed of an assemblage of these different materials gives us a useful new material
whose performance characteristics are superior to those of the constituent materials
acting independently (Ye, 2003; Qin and Yang, 2008). One or more of the material
componentsisusuallydiscontinuous,stiffer,andstrongerandknownasthereinforce-
ment; the less stiff and weaker material is continuous and called the matrix. Some-
times, because of chemical interactions or other processing effects, an additional
distinctphase,calledaninterphase,existsbetweenthereinforcementandthematrix
(DamielandIshai,2006).Compositematerialshavesomeadvantageswhencompared
totheircomponentsormetalparts.Somematerialpropertiesthatcanbeimprovedby
forminga composite materialare (Jones,1999):
l Strength
l Stiffness
l Wearresistance
l Weight
l Fatiguelife
l Extremetemperatureresponse
l Thermalinsulationorconduction
l Electricalinsulationorconduction
l Acousticalinsulationorconduction
l Responsetonuclear,X-ray,ormagneticradiation
l Chemicalresponseorinertnesstoanenvironment(corrosionresistance)
l Electromagneticandradarinsulationorconduction
l Crack(fracture)resistanceandarrest
l Cost
l Fabrication
l Temperature-dependentbehavior
l Attractiveness.
Further,compositematerialshavethefollowingadvantages:(1)compositescanhave
unique properties (e.g., specific strength and modulus) that are significantly better
TougheningMechanismsinCompositeMaterials.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-78242-279-2.00001-9
Copyright©2015ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.