Table Of ContentConference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series
Michael L. Mains · Brandon J. Dilworth Editors
Topics in Modal
Analysis & Testing,
Volume 8
Proceedings of the 37th IMAC, A Conference and
Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2019
ConferenceProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalMechanicsSeries
SeriesEditor
KristinB.Zimmerman,Ph.D.
SocietyforExperimentalMechanics,Inc.,
Bethel,CT,USA
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/8922
Michael L. Mains • Brandon J. Dilworth
Editors
Topics in Modal Analysis & Testing,
Volume 8
Proceedings of the 37th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition
on Structural Dynamics 2019
123
Editors
MichaelL.Mains BrandonJ.Dilworth
MechanicalandMaterialsEngineering LincolnLaboratory
CollegeofEngineeringandAppliedSciences MassachusettsInstofTechnology
FacultyAdvisor,BearcatMotorsports Lexington,MA,USA
UniversityofCincinnati
Cincinnati,OH,USA
ISSN2191-5644 ISSN2191-5652 (electronic)
ConferenceProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalMechanicsSeries
ISBN978-3-030-12683-4 ISBN978-3-030-12684-1 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12684-1
©SocietyforExperimentalMechanics,Inc.2020
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Preface
Topics in Modal Analysis & Testing represents one of eight volumes of technical papers presented at the 37th IMAC, A
Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, organized by the Society for Experimental Mechanics and held in
Orlando, Florida, January 28–31, 2019. The full proceedings also include volumes on Nonlinear Structures & Systems;
DynamicsofCivilStructures;ModelValidationandUncertaintyQuantification;DynamicsofCoupledStructures;Special
Topics in Structural Dynamics & Experimental Techniques; Rotating Machinery, Optical Methods & Scanning LDV
Methods;andSensorsandInstrumentation,Aircraft/Aerospace,EnergyHarvesting&DynamicEnvironmentsTesting.
Eachcollectionpresentsearlyfindingsfromexperimentalandcomputationalinvestigationsonanimportantareawithin
structuraldynamics.TopicsinModalAnalysisrepresentspapersonenablingtechnologiesformodalanalysismeasurements
andapplicationsofmodalanalysisinspecificapplicationareas.
Theorganizerswouldliketothanktheauthors,presenters,sessionorganizers,andsessionchairsfortheirparticipationin
thistrack.
Cincinnati,OH,USA MichaelL.Mains
Lexington,MA,USA BrandonJ.Dilworth
v
Contents
1 ModernModalTesting:ACautionaryTale .......................................................................... 1
JamesC.Akers,KimD.Otten,JoelW.Sills,andCurtisE.Larsen
2 VibrationTestingofLaparoscopicSurgicalInstrumentsUnderVaryingGripPressures ...................... 9
AndrewR.Hutchins,SabinoZaniJr.,RobertoJ.Manson,andBrianP.Mann
3 CombinedQualificationVibrationTestingandFixedBaseModalTestingUtilizingaFixedBased
CorrectionMethod...................................................................................................... 13
JamesP.Winkel,VicenteJ.Suárez,andJamesC.Akers
4 PressureStiffenedModalCorrelationofaCylindricalPressureVessel........................................... 31
EmilyA.JewellandIsamYunis
5 PretestAnalysisforModalSurveyTestsUsingFixedBaseCorrectionMethod ................................. 39
PeterKerrianandKevinL.Napolitano
6 FixingDegreesofFreedomofanAluminumBeambyUsingAccelerometersasReferences................... 53
KevinL.Napolitano
7 SignalReconstructionfromMobileSensorsNetworkUsingMatrixCompletionApproach ................... 61
SoheilSadeghiEshkevariandShamimN.Pakzad
8 AllVibrationIsaSummationofModeShapes....................................................................... 77
BrianSchwarz,PatrickMcHargue,JasonTyler,andMarkRichardson
9 ModalTestingUsingtheSlinkyMethod.............................................................................. 93
BrianSchwarz,PatrickMcHargue,andMarkRichardson
10 NumericalandExperimentalModalAnalysisofaCantileverBeamAxiallyLoadedbyaTendon
WhichIsAttachedinaSingleSpanwiseLocation................................................................... 107
VaclavOndraandBranislavTiturus
11 DesigningaModalTestPlanBasedonFiniteElementMethodResults .......................................... 117
YanCaoandLiuJinming
12 MaximizingtheQualityofShapeExtractionsfromBaseShakeModalTests.................................... 123
KevinL.Napolitano
13 NewApproachestoInverseStructuralModificationTheoryUsingRandomProjections ...................... 127
PrasadCheema,MehrisadatM.Alamdari,andGarethA.Vio
14 ModalAnalysisofWindTurbineBladeswithDifferentTestSetupConfigurations............................. 143
E.Di Lorenzo,S.Manzato,B.Peeters,V.Ruffini,P.Berring,P.U.Haselbach,K.Branner,andM.M.Luczak
15 ModalExcitationofCircularRotatingStructuresUsinganInnovativeElectromagneticDevice.............. 153
ThomasHoffmann,MartinJahn,LarsPanning-vonScheidt,andJörgWallaschek
vii
viii Contents
16 ModalAnalysisofa7DoFSweetPepperHarvestingRobot ....................................................... 163
TobiasF.C.Berninger,SebastianFuderer,andDanielJ.Rixen
17 CharacterizingDynamicsofAdditivelyManufacturedParts...................................................... 171
GaryAdkins,ClaytonLittle,PeterMeyerhofer,GarrisonFlynn,andKyleHammond
18 HowLinearIsaLinearSystem?....................................................................................... 185
D.Roettgen,B.Pacini,andB.Moldenhauer
19 AnInterpolationAlgorithmtoSpeedUpNonlinearModalTestingUsingForceAppropriation .............. 193
MichaelKwarta,MatthewS.Allen,andJosephJ.Hollkamp
20 EstimatingAppliedLoadsandResponseAccelerationsonaDynamicSystemUsingVibrationData ........ 197
ErenKoçak,CanerGençog˘lu,BülentAcar,andKenanGürses
21 AnalysisofCouplingRelationshipBetweenCar-BodyandFlexibleHangingEquipment...................... 209
XiaoningCao,XiugangWang,QintaoGuo,AiqinTian,ShaoqingLiu,WeiXue,andJiancaiZou
22 Imager-BasedCharacterizationofViscoelasticMaterialProperties.............................................. 215
Howard Brand, Tia Kauppila, Kayla Wielgus, Bridget Martinez, Nathan Miller, Trevor Tippetts,
YongchaoYang,andDavidMascareñas
23 DevelopmentandValidationofDataProcessingTechniquesforAircraftGroundVibrationTesting......... 225
SilviaVettori,EmilioDiLorenzo,BartPeeters,andAntonioCarcaterra
24 StructuralHealthMonitoringwithSelf-OrganizingMapsandArtificialNeuralNetworks.................... 237
OnurAvci,OsamaAbdeljaber,SerkanKiranyaz,andDanielInman
25 ANovelTechniquetoExtracttheModalDampingPropertiesofaThinBlade.................................. 247
T.Mace,J.Taylor,andC.W.Schwingshackl
26 FiniteElementModelUpdatingoftheUCFGridBenchmarkConnectionsUsingExperimental
ModalData............................................................................................................... 251
MiladMehrkashandErinSantini-Bell
27 Structural Health Monitoring on Industrial Structures Using a Combined Numerical
andExperimentalApproach........................................................................................... 263
FabianKeilpflug,RobertKamenzky,DanielJ.Alarcón,TarunTejaMallareddy,andPeterBlaschke
28 ValidationofAutomaticModalParameterEstimatoronaCarBody-in-White ................................. 279
N.Gioia,Pieter-JanDaems,andJ.Helsen
29 ModalAnalysisofRotatingTiresinStationaryandRotatingFramesofReference ............................ 285
MohammadAlbakriandPabloTarazaga
30 Combining Machine LearningandOperationalModalAnalysisApproachestoGainInsightsin
WindTurbineDrivetrainDynamics................................................................................... 293
N.Gioia,P.J.Daems,T.Verstraeten,P.Guillaume,andJ.Helsen
31 ModalTest-AnalysisCorrelationUsingLeft-HandEigenvectors.................................................. 301
RobertN.Coppolino
32 ATheoreticalStudyontheGenerationandPropagationofTravelingWavesinStrings ....................... 311
IsilAnakok,V.V.N.SriramMalladi,andPabloA.Tarazaga
33 ShapingtheFrequencyResponseFunction(FRF)ofaMulti-Degree-of-Freedom(MDOF)Structure
UsingArraysofTunedVibrationAbsorbers(TVA)................................................................. 317
CampbellR. Neighborgall,Karan Kothari,V. V. N. Sriram Malladi,PabloTarazaga,Sai TejParuchuri,
andAndrewKurdila
34 ExperimentalStudyonTireVibrationsandInducedNoise........................................................ 327
SterlingMcBride,SeyedmostafaMotaharibidgoli,MohammadAlbakri,RicardoBurdisso,PabloTarazaga,
andCorinaSandu
Contents ix
35 OntheAdaptiveVibrationSuppressiononaFlexibleSpatialStructure ......................................... 333
OscarA.Garcia-Perez,LuisG.Trujillo-Franco,andGerardoSilva-Navarro
36 EvaluationoftheHuman-Structure-SoilInteractiononaTwo-WheelTractorUsingModalAnalysis
Techniques................................................................................................................ 341
E.Velazquez-Miranda,G.Silva-Navarro,J.Bory-Reyes,O.A.Garcia-Perez,andL.G.Trujillo-Franco
37 ReproducibleModalTestingUsingaFlexure-BasedImpactExcitationSystem................................. 349
ShivangShekharandO.BurakOzdoganlar
38 Modal Analysis and Characterizationof Mounting Cart Used for Testing in the Combined
EnvironmentAcousticChamber....................................................................................... 353
MelissaA.Hall
39 EffectsofSensorCountonDampingEstimatesfromOperationalModalAnalysis............................. 357
EsbenOrlowitz
40 Ambient Vibration Tests and Modal Response Analysis of an Old Age High-Rise Building
inDowntownVancouver,Canada...................................................................................... 365
M.Motamedi,C.E.Ventura,P.Adebar,andR.A.Murugavel
41 SystemIdentificationofaFullScaleWoodFrameBuildingSpecimenSubjectedtoShakeTableTests ...... 369
M.MotamediandC.E.Ventura
42 EstimatingRotorSuspensionParametersfromRunoutData...................................................... 373
BrianDamiano
Chapter 1
Modern Modal Testing: A Cautionary Tale
JamesC.Akers,KimD.Otten,JoelW.Sills,andCurtisE.Larsen
Abstract Over the past 50 years, great advances have happened in both analytical modal analysis (i.e., finite element
models and analysis) and experimentalmodalanalysis (i.e., modaltesting) in aerospace and other fields. With the advent
ofmorepowerfulcomputers,higherperformanceinstrumentationanddataacquisitionsystems,andpowerfullinearmodal
extractiontools,today’sanalystsandtestengineershaveabreadthanddepthoftechnicalresourcesonlydreamedofbyour
predecessors.However,someobservedrecenttrendsindicatethathardlessonslearnedarebeingforgottenorignored,and
possiblyfundamentalconceptsarenotbeingunderstood.Thesetrendshavethepotentialofleadingtothedegradationofthe
qualityofandconfidenceinbothanalyticalandtestresults.Thesetrendsareamakingofourowndoing,anddirectlyrelated
to having ever more powerful computers, programmatic budgetary pressures to limit analysis and testing, and technical
capital loss due to the retirementof the senior demographiccomponentof a bimodalworkforce.This paper endeavorsto
highlightsomeofthemostimportantlessonslearned,commonpitfallsto hopefullyavoid,andpotentialstepsthatmaybe
takentohelpreversethistrend.
Keywords Analyticalmodalanalysis · Bimodalworkforce · Experimentalmodalanalysis · Finiteelementanalysis ·
Finiteelementmodel · Lessonslearned · Modaltesting · Retirement
1.1 Introduction
Analyticalmodalanalysis(i.e.,finiteelementmodellingandanalysis)andexperimentalmodalanalysis(i.e.,modaltesting)
have advanced greatly over the past 50 years. Today’s powerful computers, high performance instrumentation and data
acquisitionsystems (DAQ’s),andpowerfullinearmodalextractiontoolscan providetoday’smodaltest/analysis engineer
thetechnicalresourcesneededtocompetentlytacklemost,ifnotall,linearstructuralissues.However,evenwiththisbreadth
anddepthoftechnicalresources,today’smodaltest/analysisengineerisstillonlyasgoodastheirtechnicalexpertise.Forus
“seasonedveterans”thistechnicalexpertisewasgainedduringthecourseof30+yearsofworkingandstudyintheaerospace
fieldandthroughtheexceptionalmentoringwereceivedfrommanyseniorknowledgeableprofessionals.Itwasthroughthis
exceptionalmentoringthatwewereabletoleveragetheexpertiseofthe“seasonedveterans”thatcamebeforeusandavoid
making many poor (and quite frankly simple/unwise) mistakes. It is said “Good judgement comes from experience, and
experiencecomes from bad judgement[1].” Unfortunately,or maybe fortunately,organizationsdo not have the luxuryof
beingabletoallowtheirengineerstomakebadjudgements.Thatsaid,recenttrendsobservedinbothindividualengineers
and in engineering organizationsindicate the hard lessons learned over the past 50 years are being forgotten or ignored,
and possibly fundamental concepts are not being understood. These troubling trends have the potential of leading to the
degradationinthequalityofandconfidenceinbothanalyticalandtestresultsandincreaserisktotheproject.Ifthishappens
thecredibilityandefficacyofourengineeringprofessionwillcomeintoquestionandmissionsmaypotentiallysuffer.
Tosomeextent,theseproblemsareamakingofourowndoing.Withtheadventofmodernportablehighpowercomputers
anduserfriendlyautomatedsoftware,itisrelativelyeasyforanoviceengineertogenerateacomputeraided-design(CAD)
model of a structure, auto mesh it to generate a finite element model (FEM), and perform static and modal analysis
J.C.Akers((cid:2))·K.D.Otten
NASAGlennResearchCenter,Cleveland,OH,USA
e-mail:[email protected]
J.W.Sills
NASAJohnsonSpaceCenter,Houston,TX,USA
C.E.Larsen
DepartmentofEngineering,TexasChristianUniversity,FortWorth,TX,USA
©SocietyforExperimentalMechanics,Inc.2020 1
M.L.Mains,B.J.Dilworth(eds.),TopicsinModalAnalysis&Testing,Volume8,ConferenceProceedingsoftheSocietyfor
ExperimentalMechanicsSeries,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12684-1_1
