Tomocerus (s.s.) spinulus (Collembola: Entomobryidae), a new species of Chinese springtail

5 Pages·1998·1.4 MB·English

Vol. 109,No. 1,January&February, 1998 51
TOMOCERUS SPINULUS
(s.s.)
(COLLEMBOLA: ENTOMOBRYIDAE),
A NEW SPECIES OF CHINESE SPRINGTAIL1
J-X.Chen2 K.A.Christiansen3
,
ABSTRACT: Anew Chinese species, Tomocerusspinulus, fromAnhui Province China isde-
scribedhere.ItisclosesttothePakistanspeciesT.asokaYosii, 1965andtheJapanesespeciesT.
viridisYosii, 1967.
Nearly 50 species have been described in the genus Tomocerus s.l.; how-
ever, only 12 species were described or reported from China: Tomocerus
(Tomocerina)minutusTullberg 1876 from Shanxi and 11 species in the genus
Tomocerus (s.s.; 4 from Tibet (monticolus, obsculus, parvus, and zayensis
Huang andYin 1981),2 fromYunnan (variusFolsom 1899 andfolsomiDenis
1929), caputiviolaceus Lee 1975, cuspidatus Borner 1909 from Taiwan,
kinoshitai Yosii 1954 from Hunan, ocreatus Denis 1948 from Zhejiang, and
sibiricusReuter 1891 fromHebei. Aspeciesofthesubgenus: Tomocerus(s.s.)
spinulus, is described here.
Tomocerus (s.s.) spinulus, NEW SPECIES
Color: backgroundpaleyellowwithpurplishbluepigment. Headwithpale, scattered pigment
onanteriormarginbetweenantennae.Eyepatchesdark.LateralsidesofAnt.I&IIpalepurplish
blue;Ant.Illgraduallydarkerfrombasetoapex.Ant.IVtotallydark.PatternasshowninFig. 1.
Distalhalfoftibiotarsuswithpale,scatteredpigment.
Head:Eyes6+6,A&B larger,otherssubequal. Antennaeupto 1.3mmlong; ratioofantenna/
cephalicdiagonal: 2.9/1 to3.2/1;averagesegmentratios: 1-4= 1/1.2-1.6/6.67-7.67/1-1.4. Head
capsulewith2,4anteriorsetaeandabout40small setaeinatransverserowatposteriormargin
(Fig.2).Labral setae4,5,5,4with4marginalrecurvingspinules(Fig. 3).
Body: ThoraxwithdorsalchaetotaxyandbothriotrichaasinFig.4.Unguisratherslender;apair
ofwelldevelopedpseudonychia,about0.25-0.35aslongasinneredgeofunguis; innerteeth5-
6onall3pairsoflegs.Unguiculuslanceolatewith 1 innertooth.Tenenthairwelldevelopedand
spatulate, about as long as inner edge ofunguis (Fig. 5). Tibiotarsus with numerous pointed
smooth setae in different sizes, and legs I-III respectively with 3-4, 4-6, 6-8 apically tapered
spine-likesetaeonventralside(Fig.6).Trochanteral organreducedwith 1/1 smoothsetae(Fig.
7).
Abdominal segments 1-5 withdorsal chaetotaxy andbothriotrichaas inFig. 4.Tenaculum
unsealed,corpuswith4-7(9)*smoothsetae(Fig.8).Ventraltubescaled,anteriorlywith 18smooth
1 ReceivedMarch 15, 1997.AcceptedMay 15, 1997.
2DepartmentofBiology, NanjingUniversity, Nanjing210093,P. R.China
3DepartmentofBiology,GrinnellCollege,Grinnell, IA50112,U. S.A.
* Numbers inparenthesesrepresentunusualconditions.
ENT.NEWS 109(1): 51-55,January&February, 1998
52 ENTOMOLOGICALNEWS
Tomocerusspinulus.Allfiguresoftypespecimens. 1.Habitus;2.Head,3.Labrum, 4.Chaetotaxy
ofbody, 5. Hindclaw, 6. Hindtibiotarsus, 7. Trochanteral organ, 8.Tenaculum, 9. Anterior
faceofventraltube, 10.Lateral flapofventraltube.
Vol. 109,No. 1,January&February, 1998 53
17
15
a-
16
Tomocerusspinulus. All figuresoftypespecimens. 11. Distalpartofmanubrium(dorsal view),
12. Dental spines, 13. Single dental spine, 14. Mucro, 15. Upper anal valve ofAbd. VI,
16. Microsetaeatbaseofmacrochaeta, 17. Bothriothrix.
54 ENTOMOLOGICALNEWS
setae(holotype)oneachside(Fig.9),posteriorlywithnumeroussmoothsetaeindifferentsizes;
lateral flapwith about60smooth setae indifferentsizes(Fig. 10). Ratiosofmanubrium/dens/
mucro=2.3-3.0/3.3-4.0/1.0. Manubriumwithalongitudinalband oflateral setaeoneachside
and 2 longitudial bands ofsetae on dorsal side; lateral setae large, weakly ciliated, gradually
taperingbut more strongly tapering and pointeddistally; each dorsal bandofsetaeconsists of
numerous setaeindifferentsizes,thoseinouterrowandatdistal partverylarge; all setaevery
weaklyciliatetostriateandpointed; noblunt"principal setae"present; scalespresentbetween
longitudinalbandsofsetae(Fig. 11). Dental spinesdarkchestnutbrown,formula4(3)/4(3)-5,I,
eachwithmanytinyteeth(spinules)(Fig. 12& 13).Denieswithoutinnerdifferentiatedswollen
scalesorouterspine-likesetae.Mucroelongate,withnumerousciliatesetae;outerdorsallamella
bearing 3-6 intermediate smaller teeth; outer basal tooth with a corner toothlet; apical and
anteapicalteethsubequal(Fig. 14).DorsalanalvalveofAbd.VIwith7largesetaearrangedinan
irregulartransverserow(Fig. 15).Bodyscalesbrownish,hyalineandheavilystriate.Eachbody
macrochaeta surrounded by 0(1-2) setulae (Fig. 16). Bothriotricha not surrounded by setulae
(Fig. 17).
Size: Maximumbodylength2.7mm.
Etymology:ThenameofthisspeciesisderivedfromtheLatinspinula=spines.
Itrefers to the numerous spinules on dental spines.
Typematerials.Holotype: male, China: Anhui Province,Yellow Mt.,VII-16-1990,collection
numbers 8220 & 8221. Jian Xiu Chen coll. Deposited in the Department ofBiology, Nanjing
University.
Paratypes: 10females&4males,samedataasHolotype.
DIAGNOSIS
This species bears some similarity to the widespread T. ocreatus but can
easily be distinguished by the much finerdenticulations on the dental spines,
the smallernumberoftenacularsetae and the unguis shape. Italsoresembles
the Korean speciesjesonicusYosii 1967 andspinistriatusLee 1975 as well as
theTibetanspecieszayuensisHuangandLi 1981 butmaybereadilyseparated
as shown below:
Character spinulus jesonicus spinistriatus zayuensis
Dental spines 4(3)/4(3)-5,I 5-6/5-6,1,1,1 5-6,1/6-7,1 3,3/3-4,11
Tenaculumsetae 4-7(9) 15 1 ?
Unguiculustooth + +
Vol. 109,No. 1,January&February, 1998 55
Tomocerusspinulus*ismuchmoresimilartothePakistanspecies T. asoka
Yosii & Ashraf 1965 & Japanese species T. viridis Yosii 1967. It shares fea-
tures suchas the structureofclaw andthe numberofdental spines; however, it
differs from them in the body color and the features listed in the following
table.
SPECIES
Character spinulus asoka viridis
Spinulesondentalspines tinybutnumerous absent absentexcepton
distalmostspine
Thickspine-likesetae 3-4,4-6, 6-8 ? 5, 5, 5
ontibiotarsi
Tenacularsetae 4-7(9) 15 2
Maximumbody
length(inmm.) 2.7 5.0 2.0
*Foundinleaflitterinadeciduousforest.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
WewouldliketothankMr.MaYi-tongintheDepartmentofBiologyofNanjingUniversity,
whosehelpwasessential forthis work. Publicationofthisworkwasmadepossibleby agrant
fromGrinnellCollege.
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