TOEFL Writing

224 Pages·2006·2.19 MB·English

Peterson’s
M
ASTER
TOEFL
W S
RITING KILLS
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OTHER TITLES IN SERIES
Peterson’s Master TOEFL Reading Skills
Peterson’s Master TOEFL Vocabulary
Contents
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Before You Begin ................................. ix
How This Book Is Organized .......................... ix
Special Study Features ................................ ix
You’re Well on Your Way to Success ................... x
Give Us Your Feedback ............................... x
Top 10 Strategies to Raise Your Score .................. xi
Abbreviations........................................ xii
PART I: TOEFL WRITING BASICS
1 All About TOEFL Writing .......................... 3
The TOEFL Essay .................................... 3
The Integrated Writing Task of the TOEFL iBT ........... 8
Summing It Up ...................................... 9
PART II: DIAGNOSING STRENGTHS AND
WEAKNESSES
2 Practice Test 1: Diagnostic ........................ 15
Answer Key and Explanations ......................... 20
PART III: TOEFL WRITING REVIEW
3 Modifiers ......................................... 27
Adverbs Like Only ................................... 28
Split Infinitives ...................................... 29
Dangling Modifiers ................................... 30
Adjective/Adverb Confusion ........................... 32
Adjectives after Verbs of Sensation ..................... 34
Noun Adjectives ..................................... 35
Hyphenated or Compound Adjectives .................. 37
Demonstratives ...................................... 38
Few, Little, Much, and Many .......................... 39
Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers ........................ 42
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Sameness and Similarity .......................................... 44
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. Comparatives ................................................... 46
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. Superlatives ..................................................... 48
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. Cause and Result ................................................ 50
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Articles ........................................................ 53
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. Too, Very, and Enough ........................................... 55
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. Negation ....................................................... 57
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. Exercises: Modifiers .............................................. 61
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Answer Key and Explanations...................................... 64
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. Summing It Up .................................................. 65
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.4 Verbs ......................................................... 67
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Tense .......................................................... 67
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. Time Clauses ................................................... 69
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. Verbs of “Demand” .............................................. 70
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. Wishes ......................................................... 71
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Conditionals .................................................... 73
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. Modals ......................................................... 75
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. Verbals ......................................................... 77
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. Past Participles .................................................. 81
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Present and Perfect Participles and Infinitives ........................ 84
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. Exercises: Verbs ................................................. 86
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. Answer Key and Explanations...................................... 88
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. Summing It Up .................................................. 89
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.5 Pronouns ..................................................... 91
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. Relative Pronouns ............................................... 91
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Personal Pronouns—Case ......................................... 93
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. Who/Whom .................................................... 95
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. Possessives ..................................................... 98
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. Faulty Reference ................................................ 100
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Person ......................................................... 102
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. Number ........................................................ 104
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. Those Modified .................................................. 107
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. Exercises: Pronouns .............................................. 108
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Answers and Explanations......................................... 109
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. Summing It Up .................................................. 110
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.6 Basic Patterns ................................................111
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Indirect Objects ................................................. 111
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. Order of Adverbs ................................................ 113
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. Embedded Questions ............................................. 116
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. To/For (Purpose) ................................................ 118
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Double Subjects ................................................. 120
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. Clauses ........................................................ 121
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. Exercises: Basic Patterns .......................................... 125
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Contents vii
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Answer Key and Explanations...................................... 127
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Summing It Up .................................................. 128 .
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7 Style ..........................................................129 .
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Voice .......................................................... 129
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Parallelism ...................................................... 133 .
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Wordiness ...................................................... 136 .
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Substandard .................................................... 139 .
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Usage .......................................................... 142
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Words Often Confused, Group I ................................... 146 .
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Words Often Confused, Group II .................................. 150 .
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Words Often Confused, Group III .................................. 154 .
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Correlative Conjunctions ......................................... 157
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Subject/Verb Agreement .......................................... 159 .
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Parts of Speech ................................................. 162 .
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Prepositions (General Use) ........................................ 164 .
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Prepositions in Combinations ..................................... 167
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Exercises: Style .................................................. 171 .
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Answer Key and Explanations...................................... 174 .
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Summing It Up .................................................. 176 .
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PART IV: THREE PRACTICE TESTS
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Practice Test 2 ................................................181 .
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Answer Key and Explanations ..................................... 185 .
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Practice Test 3 ................................................189 .
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Answer Key and Explanations ..................................... 193 .
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Practice Test 4 ................................................197 .
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Answer Key and Explanations ..................................... 201 .
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Before You Begin
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HOW THIS BOOK IS ORGANIZED
If you are preparing for any version of the TOEFL, you are not alone.Almost
a million people all over the world took the TOEFL last year.Ahigh score on
this test is an essential step in being admitted to graduate or undergraduate
programs at almost all colleges and universities in North America. But
preparing for this test can be a difficult, often frustrating experience.
Peterson’s Master TOEFL Writing Skills, used as a self-tutor, will help you
improve your writing skills.
• Top10StrategiestoRaiseYourScoregivesyoutest-takingstrategies.
• Part I includes basic information about the TOEFL writing section.
• Part II provides a diagnostic test to determine your strengths and
weaknesses.
• Part III provides the basic grammar and writing review. The exercises
progress from relatively simple to relatively difficult as you continue
through the book. Various skills, such as error identification and writing
style, are reviewed.
• Part IV includes three additional practice writing tests. They will show
youhowwellyouhavemasteredthewritingskillspresentedinthisbook.
SPECIAL STUDY FEATURES
Peterson’sMasterTOEFLWritingSkillsisdesignedtobeuser-friendly.Tothis
end, it includes features to make your preparation much more efficient.
Overview
The review chapter begins with a bulleted overview, listing the topics to be
coveredinthechapter.Thiswillallowyoutoquicklytargettheareasinwhich
you are most interested.
ix
x Before You Begin
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Summing It Up
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.The review chapter ends with a point-by-point summary that captures the most important
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.concepts. They are a convenient way to review the chapter’s key points.
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.Bonus Information
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.Look in the page margins of your book for the following test prep tool:
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.NOTE
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.Notes highlight critical information about a concept in the review section. These notes will
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YOU’RE WELL ON YOUR WAY TO SUCCESS
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.Remember that knowledge is power. By using Peterson’s Master TOEFL Writing Skills as a
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.supplement to your other TOEFLtest preparation, you will fine-tune your writing skills and
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GIVE US YOUR FEEDBACK
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