Tiepolo and the Pictorial Intelligence (1994)

198 Pages·1987·43.53 MB·English

by  Svetlana Alpers

SVETL ANA ALP ERS MIC HAEL BAXAND AL L
TIE POLO
AND THE PICTORIAL INTELLIGENCE
YALE UNIVERSITYP RESS
NEW HAVEN AND LONDON
NOTE ON ILLUSTRATIONS Illustraatrbieyo Gn isa mbattTiisetpao lo
unleostsh erwiinsdei caMteeads.u. remeanrtes giivnce enn timetres
unleostsh erwiinsdei cahteeidg,bh etf orwei dth.
FrontisDpeiteaficrleo :mAfr ica( pi1s3 a5n d1 36i)nt heT reppenhaatu s
Wiirzburg.
Copyrig©h t199b4y S vetlaAnlap ers and MBiacxhaanedla ll
Allr ighrtess ervTheids.b ookm ayn otb er eproducienwd h,o loer i n
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108o ft heU .SC.o pyrigLhatw a nde xcebpytr eviewfeortrsh ep ublic
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PrintienId t ablyyA milcaPriez zi S.p.A.
LibraorfyC ongreCsast aloging-in-PuDbaltai cation
Alpers, Svetlana.
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MichaBealx andall.
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Inclubdiebsl iograrpehfiecraelna cnedis n dex.
ISBNo- 300-05978-7
1.T iepolGoi,o vanBnait tis1t6a9,61 -770C-riictism and
interpretaIt.Bi aoxna.n daMlilc,h aell.l T.i tle.
ND623.T5A8149 94
7595·- dc20 94-13926
CIP
A catalorgeuceo frodrt h ibso oki sa vailafbrloemT heB ritiLsihb rary
PREFACE
T ofG iambattiwsittaah s pewceth sa vneo atd dressed here. Among
HISB OOK ADDRESSETSH E PAINTING
Tiepaosla oni nstoanftc hepe i ctoirnitaell ligetnhicene t.e retshtiinwngehgs a vneo tto ucheda loln at
A word mbuess atii dne xplanoaftt himeoa nt tera rhei bse ginnhiinlsga sty,ee rai rnSs p aitnhi,es sue
anadl stohf eo rm. of Tieapsro elloi gpiaoiunsat nedtr h,me a ttoefr
Theb oobke gaansa p rojfeocarjt o ipnatp oenr patronaangdwe e;h avteo ucohneldty a ngentially
thper oceasnsdte hsie n teorfea ps ati ntreerp'rse ­ont hfeo rmidaanbdfl aes cinpartoibnlge matics of
sentatiinotnealll igencrea,t hdaeisrff ebreeinhntig ds r awianngdes t chiOnnga sl.tl h eassep ects
frosma,ya w, r itebrus'tts ri:el plr esenitnatteilo­tnhaelar reae l ready wesa tdumdiiarenestd, h ewsiel l
ligenBceeh.it nhdi s a sleaotyf c oncearnbso ut bef oucnidt ientd h Neo taensRd e fereBnucwtee s .
whawte f eeisla deprec-iiatnsi oomnce u rrendto nfoetet lhqe u aloiftt yh per imTiee poolfo
modeosf a cadeamrictcr iti-coifst mh e vis£u7a3l5 --55oufro cuosrt- hpee culioafrTiietpyo lo
mediuimn volved. tWowe r iwatac ena tsseetd u dy,a sa w holhea yse bte ecno mpletelyT hel ocated.
nota genearraglu meanntdT, i eposleoe mae d bessth ogretn earcaclo oufnTt i epowlek on ow,
goocda steot akbeo,t h becaulsiek fioonfrg otuhrIe n trodutcoTt hieoondH oert zeDri'eFs r esken
hivse riyn telpliicgteaunnrtdeb se cawuesk en ew Tiepionld eoWrsu rzbuRersgiedoref 1n 94z3 i,s ab y
nothianbgo uhti mt:h e intweanstt oai dodnr essse lf-acknnoownl-eedxgapeneddr t th,ae tx ample
paintdiinrge catnlday h istyo,rw iictahlorlue t­ encouruasgt eotd h isnokm ethcionugbl edc on­
feretnocc ier cumsatnadcn ocnetsTe hxetp .r ojecttr ibbuytp eedo poluet stihdfieee ld.
inflaatnecddo mpliictastaeenldTdf i ,e pboelcoa me Buitt i si rritfaotsric nhgo wliatrhsai fi ne ltdo
moraeu tonomtohucese lny-t irnef act,o vteoro.k h avter anstireanmtpstl hirnogiu ngw hh aitbs o und
Buatl thowuegh ha vdeo nseo mbea srieca doinn g tos eemt ot hema ni gnoraanndtb rutalizing
ando ccasiaornoaulTnlidye potlhobe,o oikss tillm anner.a rteWhe e refore mtoost th ogsrea teful
concetrnoel do chaitvsei suqaula laisdt iyr eacst lyT ieposlcoh olwahros hbaeveegn o od-humoured
possiabnldie sn ots eeansa c ontribtuost eito­na ndh elpafbuolui -tt particMualraAkrs lhyt on,
tecento scwhhoilcwahear rseh ienpqo,ut i pfpoerd WillBiaarme hBaemv,e Lroluyi Bsreo wGne,o rge
anddo n oitn tetnotd a kuep . Knoxa ndP hilSioph- m andf orgtihvoews heo
Chapte'rAT asftoeTr i eposliot'u,sa otmees havneo tW.e arger ataelfsufolo, vr a rikoiunsd s
1,
genecrhaalr actoefTr iiesptoilpcoas'i sn twihnigl e ofh elapn ds timutloCu asr,o Alr mstrong, Linda
moviinnga nd oofua ts ustaviineewdio nfog n e FreemBaanu er, BHearrgrJeyrr . I,s abedlil a
workT,h eF ingdo ifMn osiensE dinburgh. CanosMsaar garCeatr roAllla,Cn u rtiIvs a,n
Chapte'rI nstruomfIe nnvtesn tliooonak'ts, GaskeDlaln,iH eela rtz, KaDlasvtiJodon see,p h
n,
somed efinpirnogc eosfsp erse parbaethiionnd K ermaSnt,e pLheevni Bnaer,rS yt roaundAd i lan
Tiepolpoa'isnt dirnagw:i onigsl,k etchainndg Weston-LAenwdiw se. a rem uchi ndebttoe d
respotnoss ielt ieg hting. SharHoenc kwehro,m adteh Ien dex.
Chapteirsa f ormaanla loyfsw ihsaw te ,l ike Duripnagr otft hleo npge riionwd h icthh e
m
manyo thecrosn,s iTdieerp omloos'itsn terestbionogk bweaisnv ge ry interwmoirtkteoednn ,t ly
pictTuhree ,F Coonutirn einntts h Ter eppenhaust he(fi orrsa tu throerc eisvuepdp ofrrtot mh Heu ­
StairHwaalaylt W) i irzburg. manitRieesse aCrocmhm itotfte heUe n iverosfi ty
Theb ooki so bviounsoltay c omprehensCiavlei foBrenrikaea,ln eday sa, S choaltta hrGe e tty
monogroanpT hi epoalh ou,g eplryo ducatritvies Cte ntert hHfeio srt oofrA yr atn dt hHeu manities
v
atS antMao nicCaa,l ifotrnihaes; e coanudt horg rapwhesa skefdo r WurzbuTrhge.sw ee re
in
form thJeo hDn. a ndC atheTr.iM naec Arthumra dbey n atulriagilhn t lMaatrec1 h9,49, a nadr e
Foundatailoolfn w ,h icwhe w isghr atetfou lldye signed ttoh rere eavglai,rs itoesurks elwye d,
acknowlAenddgw eh.a etn abtlheed btoobo ek conditoifvo inesw itnhge comofpt lheTexr ep­
pullteodg etwhaesar f inal opfet rewineo ed ks'p enhavuasu lrta,t htehraa ns simiiltat toai nn g
concentratethdee n wodof tr hkae c aatd eymeiacr outseiazsepe ilc ture in musGeiulml ialni ghting.
1992-3w,h enb otahu thwoerrsFe e llaotwt sh e MalpaasnJsdo hNni coblelt wetehnen mu rstehde
WissenschazfutB sekrollFiloner.tg h iwse are manuscirnitapob t o okT.h eo nes pelnotn g days
indebttote hdKe o llaengdw, i sthom entipoanr ­ desigtnhibeno goa kn dd ealwiintbgho tohu firx ed
ticultahhreel lyop fi tlsi brarians. ideaansdo uirn deciasniu onnast,t rmaicxts;ih vee
Finawlelw ya,n tto t hantkhY ea lUen iversitthye kne pwta tcohv eirtp sr intTihneog t.h fierrs t
PresLso,n dofnot,rh sek ialnled n ercgoym mitteedn visatgheebd o oki,n stigaantdce odn ducted
tot hper oducotfai b oono tkh awta sd emandintgh ep hotogrcaapmhpiacii gnWn u rzbuarngd,
ins evewraaylsS .h eiLleaer esourcaenfdru el­lya ccommodwahtametud s hta vaep peairrerda tional
solutaeslsye mbilleldu strmaatniyoo fnt sh,e m whimIsto. w emso rteh aanb ooskh outlod their
stubboerlnulsyGi rvaee.mC eo okson tacklveidg oiutmrha,eg inaantgdio oond will.
extraorddiinfafriticalusoylkft t a kitnhgpe h oto-
vi
CONTENTS
Chronology viii Ill THTER EPPENHAATU S
WURZBURG 101
t THBS ITE I BalthaNseaurm annl'isg ht
TASTE
A FOR TIEPOLO
theatsroeu:r caensd s urface2 Perambulation:
T
1 Declinitnags te 2 he painting negotiawtiitnhtg h ew indows u THEH GURES
3 Thep ainter4 Thep aintiinnvg i ew 3 Thec ritioqfur oet aitonals ymmetry
5 PerformVienrgo nese6 Dogs, cloudpso,l es 4 Meaninagnsd d imensions5 Groups:
asd evices7 Disocvery asa p ictortihaelm e propagation from tohiesl k etch
8 Para-narrat9i vTeh em usiocf t heM oses IllR OCOCOS YNTAX 6 A mazen otw ithout
10 Incantesimo ap lan 7 Drawings,c ale and self-similarity
8 Ther ococloe veorb:j ecvt.fs i elds
II IV THET ASTEOF EUROPE 9 Thep robleomfE urope
INSTRUMENTSO F INVENTION:
DRAWINPGA,I NT, ro Bracketingt hem oral
LIGHT 51
1 ORAW ING I Pena ndw ash 2 Movement
oft heh and 3 Linaen dt hee dgeosfk nown AppendiTxi:e poilons itu
objects4 Generattihnepg h enomenal
5 Summaryg:r aphpirco ceasnsdv isuparolces s Noteasn dR eferences1 75
u PAINT 6 Theo islk ecth 7 Hueas tibmre: Index 183
coloaursl ight 8 Towardfsr escom LIGHT
Photoragph Credits 186
T
9 ShadowC:o chionn T iepolo 10 hem obility
ofl ight(iGncgs ua1t)i I IN egotiatiwoinths s ite
light(iGnegs u2a)t i I2 Thes timuloufs
mobillei ght
Vll
CHRONOLOGY
GiambatTtiiesptoail sbo o rnt hiCeno rtdi eS an 1740 Ceilifnrge sicnoP alazCzloe riMciil,a (np l.
Domenico, CVaesntiecsleol,noo fO, r setatnad 21)P.a intiinnS gcsu odleaCi a rmiVnein,i ce.
DomeniTcioe poal o',s harehionla d sehri p' C.1407-5 TheD iscovery qf the( pTlsr.ou )ef ,o Crr­oss
whod ietsh fe ollowyienagr . merliynt hseu pprecshsuerdoc fht heC appuc­
1715-16T hefi rsrte corded iwnocrlkusdT,hi enS gac rifice cinCea,s teVlelnoi,c e.
ofI saaicnS antMaa ridae Die rel(itthtOeis pe­ 1743 FranceAslcgoa roatrtrii ivneV se nicteob uy
daletitnVo e)n,i cHee.i s s(afiirdis nt1 732t)o pictufroerKs i ngA ugustIuIIso fS axoniyn
havbee epn revioau psulpyio lfG regoLraizo­ Dresde(np .2 3)T.i epolwoh,o becoam es
zarian cio,n sidepraaibnltieen ar n e clectically friewnidlb,le o neo ft hpe aintteoar dsv ihsiem
traditionalimsatn nVeern.e tian ont hpeu rchoafso eldm asters.
1717 Tiepoilsloi sitnet dh geu iolfdp aintaetVr ensi ce Firsktn own publiocfa Vatriio Cnap ricci
andb y now isp resumaabnl iyn dependent (pi1s6 ,1 7)a,s eotf t eent chiAn gsse.c osnedt
master. oft wenty-cfaolulSrec,hd e rdziFi a nta(spiira8 s ,
1719 MarritagoCe e ciGluiaar dapi a,i ntdearu'gsh ter 19)b yT iepolsoo'nGs i andomewnhiecno he
ands isotfe r tphaei ntGeirosv anAnnit onainod publis·thheemd p osthumoiun1s 7l7y5o r1 778,
FranceGsucaor dTih.e y wohualvdse e vesnu r­ maya lsboeo ft hitsi me.
vivicnhgi ldirnecnl udGiinogv anni Domenico, FrescoiensV illCao rdellMionnat,e cchio
bor1n7 27a,n dL orenzboo,r1 n7 36b,o tpha in­ Maggionreea,Vr i cenza.
terTsh.e lyi vuen t1i7l3 n4e atrh Pea laCzozno­ Ceilifnrge scionesS antMaa ridai N azareth
tarii,Sn anF rancedseclVoli ag na. deglSic alVzein,i c(ed estrobyuetsd e,e p is
Int heyseea rasre propbaaibnlttyeh def rescoes 75-6, 78).
botihn t he PaSlaanzdzVioe, n icaen,di nt he .1 744 TheB anquoeftA nthoannyd C leopa(tprl6a..6 i )s
ArchbisPhaolpa'acsteU din(ep l8.4) A.t this bougbhytA lgarfortotTmii epoflooDr r esden.
timea,nd a gaiyne arlsa teTri,e polo paro duces Algarottthiip sao inn teixnagc:t onfep sesrs pective
numbeorfo thpeari ntfionrUg dsi ne. andc hiarosbceuaruootff,yo lidnsd rapecrhyo,i ceness
1731 FrescioneP sa lazAzroc hin(tdoe stroaynedd ) off ormcsh,a ramn dh annoonfyc olours.
PalazDzuog na(nfio rmeCralsyai tniM )i lan. c1.7 45-8 FrescionPe asl aLzazboi Vae,n i(cpel9 9.) .
1731-3 WorkisnB ergampoa,r ticuilna rtClhayep p ella 1747 Tiepomloov ehso usteon eatrh Peo ntdeiN oal,
Colleoni. pariosfSh a nta Fosca.
1733 AntoMna ria ZatnheeYt otuin goenrT iepolo: 1750-1 Charles-NCioccohloiannTs i cpoalt oa:le pnatr ­
a liveclayp acfiotiryn ven.t.i.oa n g renautm beorf ticulfaorcrle yi liinngw sh,i chhe m ccesifuldlayr es
figurepsr esenailiwnagny esw d iscovearnai beusn,­ thbeo ldfeosrteshortheinsi nmgaisns;rn aetrh selri ght
dancaen da ne xcelalrernatn geomfe ttetl e.m.e.an ts anda litdtrlye, particulahrilslyi kitnhgr oufgohr
fine tmderstio!fnc dhiinagr osacnudar o luminous excessliivgehi tnh isp ictures, which makes his
grace. shadohwasr edv etnh oungohdt a rk.
1734 Frescion eVsil Llao schi, nBeiarVroi nc,e nza. 1750-3 InW urzburg, FrtahneRc eosniidpaei:nc zt ures
Tiepomloov ehso usteot heP asinneaa,Sr a n (Kaisesrisgana1el7d,5 (2 pi10s9 1-3)H;o fkirche
Silve(stt1or7 o4 7). altarpi17e5c2eT;sr ,e ppenhsaiugsn1,e7 d5 (3s ee
Tiepodleoc liannie nsv itattogi oto onS tockholm beloCwh,. m );Th eA doratoifto hnMe a gif or the
top aiinntt hReo yaPla lascaey,i tnhge payment Benedictaibnbee ya t SchwarzaBcahv,a ria
isi nadequate. (sign1e7d5 3)a;n d,p robabTlhye,D e atho f
Twol arcgaen vaosfeTs h eF all Maonfn aa nd Hyacin(tphl5 3.) .
TheS acriofifcM ee lchisefdoertc hhec hurcaht 1754-5 Ceilifnrge sicnoS antMaa ridae llPai eta,
Verolanusoovuaot,fhB rescia. Venice.
Ceilifnrge scionSe asP tMaa ridae lR osaraiio 1757 Tiepopluor'csh oafas v ei laltZa i aniMgior,a no.
GesuaVtein,i (cpel8 9.) . FrescaotVe isl Vlaal maraVniac,e nza.
C.1740 TheF indionfMg o se(sb eloCwh,.1 a ndp l1.) . StT eclaal tarpiine ctceha et headtrEa slt e.
Vlll
Ceiling frescion VillNaa ziona(lfeo rmerly Thep rincipalw orks doinnSe p aiwne ret he
PisanaitS) tr a ont heB rcnctanaa l. frescoients h e ThrRoonoem (signed1 764),
Ceilinfregs co at PalazzCoa nossVae,r ona GuardR oom andS alcatatth e PalacRieoa l,
(destrobyuetsd e,ep l8. 8). Madrida;n da serioefss evelnar gael tiaerecps
To Spaifno rw hath es aiwdo uldbe 'twoy ears fort hec hurcohf SanP ascuaBla byloant
att hem ost'l,e avivnga riocuosm missioned Aranjuefzi,n isihne1 d7 69b,u tn owd ispersed
worku ndone inV enicien,c ludtiwnogl arge andc utd own.
pictuornec sa nvafso rt hec hurcohfS an Marco WinckelmaTnine:p odlooe s miotraer dtahya n
inR ome,o rderbeyd theV enetiCaanr dinal {A ntoRtra ffaMemlg}s i tla e11e1kb:u tT iepolios
Daniele Doalnfd'r anl ,a rgcee ilionng c anvas sema mif orgotwtheenr,eM amsg si si mmortal.
fort he CooufrM to scow'T.i epolo ilintv heed 1770 Tiepodloi eins Madrid.
PlazdaeS anM artin, Madrid.
IX
1. Copoyf TpioelToh,F ei nodMfio nsgOe isol.n c anv7a0sX ,1 47S.t aatsgSatltuegtrairet,.
I AT ASTE FOR TIEPOLO
TIEPOLMAOST'ERsP IECEI S THE CEILINGo ft hTer ep­ a dogd istrfarcoMtmos s easn d ptrhien cTehses .
penha(uosSr t airHwaalyl )t heiR ne sidaetn z discreipnsa cnacblyee t wetehhnea lbearndtdih eer
Wurzburregp,r estehnhteei anvge ns faonudr tbhleus ee mi-Miartti haleme sfete msso mseo rotf
continoeftn htweso rl(dp l1.0 5I)ti. so neo ft he mistaIknme a.n ypa intoenrec so uslede tkoe x­
largpeasitn tiinnE gusr opaen,di ti sh ardsluyr ­ plaind itshpeai rnsi ctayil ner elatitoont shhei p
pristihnaigtt d oenso ft it uosuurna olt ioofan anticippoastieotdfia v o ine wteoor n,se i dBeu.ta s
pictFuorree x.a mpilthe a,s no cfarnanbmoeet , thdei spairsei xttye ntdote hdle a rpgiee coefts h e
seeansa w hole, an laarcrkasct einvter et os aened halberadtti helere sfa tl,sd ow arfMiinrgi atmh,i s
iotn cea nnsottas ntdbi lult mbueos ntt hmeo v-e woulsde enmo tto a ppTlhye.e dgoefst hpei cture
climbtionwga rndoswt hipsa rtth etnh abte,f orea rter eactaesdu -awliltfiyhg urleusn geiinan ttg h e
arrivaitan p gl atfoonrw mh icohn ew alkbso th lefatn,da tt her ighotn,efi gurjeu slto unging
beneath afnrdo ma cerxoftsresin eodzfefe disg uresa.b ouWth.ai tst hber igwhhti te tmoa sltseha fent d
Whaits s urpriisst iofn ign d Ticpolaon ptahigenr teimenangs b si lloowuiitnnt g h cee ntre?
easpeali ntinia ns gi miluanrelxyp emcatnende r. Othehrasvf ee tlhtta htp ea initisn goI dndd.e ed,
Int hlea 1t7e 30wshe,hn e w asi nh iesa rfloyr tiesso meownheo t hougihtlt o okwerdo ntgr iteod
anbdu swyi tshu ch parsoatj reicptotsfy Pcahs siomna kietr i gAh tp.r actcirciwatilit cahs awo,u tto
paintfionSrga snA tl'v iisnVe e nifcree,s fcootreh se makaeb etptiecrt cuurotef a,fl arge pitehcee from
Galloefrt ihPaea laCzlzcori inMc iil aannf do trh e rigshitd Weh.a Tti epoorliog ipnaailnlitysne odw
Gesucahtuir icnVh e niTciee,p poalion atm eodr e int wop artas F:i ndoifnM go seisnE dinburgh
modetshto,u sgthli alrlog ipela intliinmgii tnie tds (pl2.)a nda LandswciatpHhea lbeirndT uireirn
numboefrm otiafnsnd e cesssaerlifl-yc oInnt ai(npel3d.).W. h awte h avbee elno okaitni gso nlay
TheF indoifM nogs e(psl1 .)T ieptoalkoue pst hat replSiocf ai.n ec opaiy si tt haotn ew oulldi ke
commoann dm oshti ghrleyg artdaesdk t hien tot hiintk wmaasd eb yt hey ounDgo menico
Europpeiacnt otrraidail-t ani aornr astuibvjee ct.e xercihsisisk nigal sal c opyiBsuttt. h pea inting
Thes toirsya s imptlheo umgyhs terious proonbea:lb eltfyhts e t udtiosooo on for sToine,p olo's
Mosehsa bse edni scovienar b eads kaettt h eed ge bornr 7i2nt7 oh, a vhea adh anidni tcso py.
oft hNei lbey P haradoahu'gsh wtheore ,n trustsA pictu2rb ey 3 o4. mf e triesvs i rtuaaltllhl ayt
himt oa n ur(sMeo smeost'h esru)g gestheedr t.roe maoifna ps a inttihnawgta so rigijnuasltl yu nder
bya nu nknowwonm awnh oi si,nf acMti,r iam,5 metres Twhieed vei.d einstc heam to re ath an
thsei sotfeM ro seWse.c aind entthipefr yi ncesqsu arotfet rhw ei dtahsw, e lalsa n arrsotwr oifp
anhde cro uerntt ou-rmaegnte o o nsei de, womgerno uanldo tnhgle o weedrg wee,r ceu otf tfom ake
tot hoet h-elre offtc entMroes.ei ssh elbde foret hpei ctounree sneoewis nE dinbuTrhgelh o.w ,
heirna ttendaarnmatsns td'h sem aflilg iunrbe l ue widfeo rmwaats n otu nknoiwnnV enicaen,d
strifdoirnwga arttd h lee mfuts bte M iriTahme. Tiepohliom shealduf s eidto ns eveorcacla sions
baskaenttd h Rei vNeirl aer aett hrei gBhuttt. h e morteh aand ecaedaer lAi Meard.o nannaSd a ints
asymmetry is tahsept roinnicasenhsdhis en rg : (BreMrial,a enl)o,n gaatt eltdeh bfeyta p urgatorial
entouraarogeffe - cenatnrdte h,re i ver-ebxa­nkr escsucee nseu,f faes riemdi flaattreoT hFei ngd in
tenfdrso bme hitnhdeh andmaidens a too fMm oaskeets h,o uigthh asb eepnu tb actko gether
desiaglnm ohsatlo ffw hicihse mptoyff iguArte s.a gaiLni.kh ei dsa rUkl ysDsiessc'o ovfAe crhyi lles
threi gehdtga et owerhianlgb ewridtiahse lri ovfe r amontghDe a uglozfLt yecrosm (epdl8e.)sd , e signed
I