Thyroid Cancer and Nuclear Accidents. Long-Term Aftereffects of Chernobyl and Fukushima

222 Pages·2017·4.42 MB·English

by  Shunichi Yamashita and Gerry Thomas (Eds.)

Thyroid Cancer and Nuclear Accidents
Thyroid Cancer and Nuclear
Accidents
Long-Term Aftereffects
of Chernobyl and Fukushima
Edited by
Shunichi Yamashita
Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
Gerry Thomas
Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Masafumi Abe
Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
Hyeong-Sik Ahn
Korea University, Seoul, Korea
Johannes Biko
University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Tetiana Bogdanova
V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of
National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
John D. Boice Jr.
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements,
Bethesda, MD, United States; Vanderbilt University School of
Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
Andre Bouville
National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
Igor Branovan
Project Chernobyl, Brooklyn, NY, United States
Alina Brenner
National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
Svitlana Burko
V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of
National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Stephen Chanock
National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
Sergey Chekin
A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia
Malcolm Crick
Secretariat of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects
of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), Vienna, Austria
x ListofContributors
Ivan I. Dedov
Endocrine Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
Tetiana Dekhtyarova
V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of
National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Yuri E. Demidchik
Republican Centre for Thyroid Tumors, Minsk, Belarus; Belarusian
Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Minsk, Belarus
Valentina M. Drozd
The International Fund “Help for Patients with Radiation-Induced
Thyroid Cancer “Arnica”, Minsk, Belarus; Belarusian Medical
Academy of Postgraduate Education, Minsk, Belarus
Vladimir Drozdovitch
National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
Mikhail V. Fridman
Minsk Municipal Clinical Oncological Dispensary, Minsk, Belarus;
Republican Centre for Thyroid Tumors, Minsk, Belarus
Vsevolod Galkin
A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia
Abel J. González
Argentine Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Tamara Gulii
V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of
National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Maureen Hatch
National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
Tetsuo Ishikawa
Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan;
Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
Viktor Ivanov
A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia
Kenji Kamiya
Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Hiroshima
University, Hiroshima, Japan
ListofContributors xi
Andrey Kaprin
NMRRC, Obninsk, Russia
Valerii Kashcheev
A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia
Polina Kashcheeva
A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia
Hyun-Jung Kim
Korea University, Seoul, Korea
Elena Kochergina
A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia
Aleksandr Korelo
A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia
Olga Krasko
National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
Alfred K. Lam
Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
Ilya Likhtarev
National Scientific Center of Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Mark P. Little
National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
Kiyohiko Mabuchi
National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
Marat Maksioutov
A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia
Svetlana Mankovskaya
Republican Centre for Thyroid Tumors, Minsk, Belarus; National
Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
Takashi Matsuzuka
Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
Alexandr Menyajlo
A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia
Sanae Midorikawa
Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
xii ListofContributors
Jaya Mohan
Secretariat of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects
of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), Vienna, Austria
Pavel Moiseev
Republican Scientific Practical Centre of Oncology and Medical
Radiology named after N.N. Aleksandrov, Minsk, Belarus
Shigenobu Nagataki
Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
Hitoshi Ohto
Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
Akira Ohtsuru
Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
Valeriy Oliynyk
V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of
National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Tamara Platonova
The International Fund “Help for Patients with Radiation-Induced
Thyroid Cancer “Arnica”, Minsk, Belarus
Christoph Reiners
University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Tatiana I. Rogounovitch
Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
Pavel O. Rumiantsev
Endocrine Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
Vladimir A. Saenko
Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
Kurt W. Schmid
University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Natalia Seleva
A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia
Natalia Shchukina
A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia
ListofContributors xiii
Nikolay Shiglik
Project Chernobyl, Brooklyn, NY, United States
Hiroki Shimura
Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
Victor Shpak
V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of
National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Iwao Sugitani
Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
Satoru Suzuki
Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
Shinichi Suzuki
Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
Koichi Tanigawa
Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
Valeriy Tereshchenko
V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of
National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Gerry Thomas
Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
Mykola Tronko
V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of
National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Konstantin Tumanov
A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia
Oleg Vlasov
A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia
Laryssa Voskoboynyk
V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of
National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Wolfgang Weiss
Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Emmendingen, Germany
Shunichi Yamashita
Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
xiv ListofContributors
Galyna Zamotayeva
V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of
National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Liudmyla Zurnadzhy
V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of
National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Thirty Years After Chernobyl and 5 After
Fukushima—What Have We Learnt and What
Do We Still Need to Know?
Gerry Thomas1 and Shunichi Yamashita2
1ImperialCollegeLondon,London,UnitedKingdom2NagasakiUniversity,Nagasaki,Japan
INTRODUCTION
The year 2016 saw the anniversaries of two accidents at nuclear power
plants that resulted in exposure to radiation in fallout of populations
living in their immediate vicinity—the 30th anniversary of the
Chernobyl accident in 1986 and the fifth anniversary of the
Fukushima accident in 2011. A meeting was held in Fukushima city in
September 2016 to ask the question: “What do we know and what do
we need to learn from these two accidents?”(Saenko et al., 2017). This
book serves as a record of the presentations made by experts from the
medical community, both inside and outside Japan, and from those
international bodies charged with providing guidance for response in
these types of emergencies to protect local populations from the harm-
ful effects of radiation. One of the key lessons that we still need to
learn, as evidenced from the expert reports on both accidents by the
WHO, UNSCEAR, and IAEA (UNSCEAR Report to the General
Assembly of the United Nations, 2008; WHO report on health risk
assessment from the nuclear accident after the, 2011; UNSCEAR
report, 2013; IAEA report, 2015) is how to get the balance right
between protection of the public from actual health effects caused by
the direct interaction with radiation on the tissues of the body, and
protection of the public from the fear of radiation.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DOSE AND RESPONSE
There is a common misconception that exposure to radiation from a
nuclear power plant accident is (1) different from exposure to natural
background radiation or medical radiation and (2) that the dose to an