Thwarting Enemies at Home and Abroad: How to Be a Counterintelligence Officer

237 Pages·1987·5.18 MB·English

by  Authored by William R. Johnson

Thwarting Enemies at Home and Abroad
Other Intelligence Titles from
Georgetown University Press
Analyzing Intelligence: Origins, Obstacles, and Innovations
Roger Z. George and James B. Bruce, Editors
Transforming U.S. Intelligence
Jennifer E. Sims and Burton Gerber, Editors
Thwarting Enemies
at Home and Abroad
How to Be a
Counterintelligence
Officer
William R. Johnson
Foreword by William Hood
Georgetown University Press + Washington, D.C.
Georgetown University Press,
Washington, D.C.
www.press.georgetown.edu
© 2009 by Georgetown University Press.
All rights reserved. No part of this book
may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying and recording,
or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without permission
in writing from the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Johnson, William R., d. 2005.
Thwarting enemies at home and abroad: how to be a
counterintelligence officer /
William R. Johnson ; foreword by William Hood.
p. cm.
Originally published: Bethesda, Md. : Stone Trail Press, c1987.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-58901-255-4 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Intelligence service. I. Title.
UB250.J64 2008
355.3(cid:1)432—dc22
2008029498
This book is printed on acid-free paper
meeting the requirements of the American
National Standard for Permanence in Paper
for Printed Library Materials.
15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
First printing
Printed in the United States of America
Contents
Publisher’s Note ix
Foreword by William Hood x
Introduction xiii
1 What Is Counterintelligence? 1
2 Who Goes into Counterintelligence,
and Why? 4
What Is Peculiar about CI Officers? 5
CI Traits: Do You Have Them? 7
3 Conflicting Goals: Law Enforcement
versus Manipulation 13
Cops with a CI Job 14
Spymasters with a CI Job 15
Cops and Spymasters, Mingle and Merge! 16
4 The Support Apparatus 20
The Roof and the Walls 20
Surveillance Teams 21
The Bug and Tap Shop 21
Safe Houses 22
The Forgery Shop 23
Vehicles 24
Photography 25
Drops: Live, Dead, Phone 27
Flaps and Seals, Microdot, Secret Ink 30
Weapons 30
Locks, Keys, and Burglary 32
Disguises 33
5 Interrogation: How It Really Works 34
The Myth of Torture 34
The Compleat Interrogator 35
Pressure 36
v
+o
vi Contents
The Schmidt Story 39
When the Tricks Don’t Work 42
The Breaking Point 45
6 How to Manage the Polygraph 46
What the Polygraph Is 47
How the Polygraph Works 48
Why Do You React to the Polygraph? 50
What Your Reactions Mean 51
Known Lies and Surprise Questions 55
When the Polygraph Works as a Lie Detector 57
When the Polygraph Does Not Work 58
Can You Beat the Polygraph? 59
What the Polygraph Is Used For 60
How the Polygraph Is Misused 64
7 How to Manage Physical Surveillance 66
Local Conditions 66
Cover 69
Compartmentation 70
Communications 71
Vehicles 76
Cameras and Audio Gear 77
Weapons 78
The Half-Life of a Surveillance Team 78
8 How to Manage Technical Surveillance 81
Remember the Support Function 83
Know Your Technicians 83
Telephone Taps 84
Hidden Microphones 86
Photography through the Keyhole 88
Mail Intercept 89
Collating the Information 89
9 Double Agents: What They Are
Good For 91
Contact with the Enemy 92
The Playback Double: The Case of Janos Szmolka 93
+o
Contents vii
Dangles—Controlled and Freelance 98
Levels of Contact with the Enemy 99
Allocation of Resources 101
10 Double Agents: How to Get and
Maintain a Stable 102
Assessing Your Opponents 103
Collating Leads 108
Playbacks 109
11 Double Agents: Feeding and Care 115
Emotional Dependence 115
Physical Dependence 117
Testing 120
Termination 123
12 Double Agents: Passing Information
to the Enemy 126
The Doctrine of Layers 127
Passing the Enemy’s Tests 128
Balancing Cost against Gain 128
The Bureaucratic Problem 130
The Build-Up Library 131
The Use of Collateral 133
13 Moles in the Enemy’s Garden:
Your Best Weapon 135
Strategic Planning 136
How to Get Penetrations 139
Arranging the Furniture 141
Research and Targeting 143
Planting the Seed 144
Motive: Is Ideology Dead? 145
Who Is in Charge? 148
Weaknesses 149
Michal Goleniewski 150
Training or Indoctrination? 151
Evacuation 152
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viii Contents
14 Defectors: Your Second-Best Weapon 154
Inducement 156
Echelons of Handling 156
Be Prepared 159
Resettlement 162
15 Using “Friendly” Services, Foreign
and Domestic 165
The Reasons for Liaison 166
How Liaison Works in Practice 168
Cooperation versus Competition 171
Liaison and Penetration 172
16 How to Manage Files 175
Chronological Files 175
Indexing by Name 177
Case Files 179
Dossiers and P-Files 180
Dossier Numbers 182
Dossiers and Privacy 183
17 The Collation of Counterintelligence 185
What Is Collation? 186
Categories for Collation 187
Using Computers 193
18 The Big Game: Deception 196
The Tools of Deception 198
The Practical Limits 204
The Rule of Unwitting Tools 207
The Secret Body Needs a Bodyguard of Lies 208
About the Author 209
Index 211
Publisher’s Note
The original 1987 edition of Thwarting Enemies at Home and
Abroad has been out of print for many years, but it has con-
tinued to be sought after by professionals, scholars, and others
interested in the real world of intelligence. Georgetown Univer-
sity Press has republished this book to make sure that William
R. Johnson’s seasoned wisdom about the principles and tactics
of counterintelligence is widely available once again.
We have republished the original text in full and unaltered
except for corrections for grammar and punctuation that natu-
rally slip through in an original edition. We also added a new
foreword to provide perspective on the book and the author’s
career. The book has not been revised to account for changes in
technology or world affairs for two main reasons. First, the main
point of the book is to teach readers how to think about coun-
terintelligence, and these basic principles carry through from
era to era. Updates to account for current events and the latest
gadgetry would have short-term benefit but would be dated
once again within a few years. Second, the author passed away
before republication was planned, so we elected not to attempt
revisions that could not be approved by the author.
ix