THURSDAY MORNING, 10 MAY 2018 NICOLLET C, 7:55 AM TO 9:55 AM Session 4aAAa ...

67 Pages·2017·0.55 MB·English

THURSDAYMORNING,10MAY2018 NICOLLETC,7:55A.M.TO9:55A.M.
Session4aAAa
ArchitecturalAcoustics,Noise,ASACommitteeonStandards,andSpeechCommunication:Acousticsin
ClassroomsandOtherEducationalSpaces
KennethW.Good,Chair
Armstrong,2500ColumbiaAve.,Lancaster,PA17601
Chair’sIntroduction—7:55
InvitedPapers
8:00
4aAAa1. China green campus school standard. Kenneth P. Roy (Innovation, Armstrong World Industries, 2500 Columbia Ave.,
Lancaster, PA 17603, [email protected]) and Xiao Li (Res. and Development, Armstrong World Industries, Shanghai,
Shanghai,China)
Since2011I’vebeeninvolvedasaprincipalinvestigator(ArmstrongWorldIndustries)onseveralresearchprogramsencompassing
approximately100primaryandmiddlegradeschoolsthroughoutChina.Initially,thisresearchwascoordinatedwithTongjiUniversity
forthedevelopmentoftheChineseGreenCampusratingsystemforschools,andlater,wehaveworkedwiththeBeijingMinistryof
EducationandseveraladditionalUniversitiesincludingTsinghuaUniv.,SouthChinaUniv.ofTechnology,ChongqingUniv.,andHua-
qiaoUniversityforthedevelopmentofthenewChinaGBGreenCampusStandard.The“learnings”fromtheseresearchstudieswillbe
reviewed,andtheoutcomesintermsofimplementationwillbediscussed.A“playbook”wasdevelopedforthegovernmentarchitects
whodesignschools,asasimpleprocessformeetingthedesigngoals,andunderstandingtheinstalledcostsforspecificuseareas.School
acousticsisanimportantIEQfactorinthedesignandperformanceoftheschoolinmeetingitsmission—whichisforteacherstoteach
andstudentstolearn.
8:20
4aAAa2.Areviewofacousticresearchinphysicaleducationalsettings.StuartRyan(Univ.ofWestFlorida,11000UniversityPkwy,
Pensacola,FL32514,[email protected])
Thispresentationwillreviewpastandcurrentacousticresearchinphysicaleducationsettings.Researchsuggeststhattheacoustic
issuesinphysicaleducationsettingsarelikelydetrimentaltostudentlearning(Ryan,2009a;Ryan,Grube,&Mokgwati,2010;Ryan&
Mendell,2010).Theproblemiscompoundediftherearestudentswithspecialneedsincludinglearningdisabilities,attentionandaudi-
torydisorders,andstudentswhoarelisteningandlearninginanon-nativelanguage.Inaddition,typicalclassroomteachersarefaced M
withmanyvoiceconcerns;however,physicaleducationteachersarefacedwithpooracousticallydesignedgymnasiums,coveredareas, A
and loud outdoor teaching environments which are more challenging than a typical indoor classroom (Ryan, 2009a). Ryan (2010) U.
viewedphysicaleducationsettingsas“hostilelisteningenvironments”andhavethepotentialtoeffectstudentlearninganddamaging H
T
teacher’svoices.
a
4
ContributedPapers
8:40 cognitive skills; and (3) younger children are at greater risk for impaired
performanceinacousticallycomplexenvironments.Thestudywasdesigned
4aAAa3. Acoustical analysis of preschool classrooms. Tina M. Grieco-
to determine whetherthese preschool classroomsmeet existing classroom
Calub (Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Dept. of Commun. Sci. and Disord.,
acoustics standards (ANSI S12.60-2010). Measurements were made with
Northwestern Univ., 2240 Campus Dr., FS, 2-231, Evanston, IL 60208,
microphonespositionedinlocationsoftheclassroomswherechildrentypi-
[email protected])andZ.EllenPeng(WaismanCtr.,Univ.ofWis-
cally engageinactivitiesduringschoolseason toreflectrealisticbuilding
consin-Madison,Wisconsin,UnitedStatesMinorOutlyingIslands)
operation situations. Unoccupied and occupied noises were recorded over
Thepresentstudyexploresacousticalparameters,includingunoccupied long durations,withintensity and spectralanalysis of therecordings con-
andoccupiednoiselevelsandreverberationtime(RT),intypicalpreschool ductedoff-line.RTsweremeasuredandquantifiedatthesamemicrophone
classroomslocatedinthenorthernsuburbsofChicago.Thestudywasmoti- positions. Preliminary results suggested that none of the preschool class-
vated by the following observations: (1) preschool classrooms are often rooms met the recommended unoccupied noise levels, while 3/11 class-
established in buildings that were not initially constructed to be learning roomswerefoundtohavelongerthanrecommendedRTs.Occupiednoise
spaces; (2) poor classroom acoustics interfere with skills related to aca- in these preschool classrooms, and implications for learning, will be
demic outcomes including speech perception, serial recall, literacy, and discussed.
1893 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,Vol.143,No.3,Pt.2,March2018 175thMeeting:AcousticalSocietyofAmerica 1893
8:55 Minnesotacampus.Theprimaryclassroomspaceisa20’x50’roomwitha
highcofferedceilingusedforlecture-styleclasses,discussiongroups,and
4aAAa4.Classroomsoundscape—Virtualandreal.AndyChung(Smart
social events. The space underwent renovation in 2013 to address room
City Maker, Hong Kong Plaza, Hong Kong HKSAR, Hong Kong, ac@
acoustics and sound design. Post-renovation acoustic measurements and
smartcitymaker.com) and W M To (Macao Polytechnic Inst., Macao,
subjectiveresponsesreflectfavorableoutcomesforlectureconditions.Chal-
Macao)
lenges remain for small-group and active discussion classroom arrange-
Thesonicenvironmentwhichbothteachersandstudentsareprovidedin ments. The current study evaluated predicted and measured speech
a classroom is important for effective communication during the learning intelligibilityforsmall-groupandactivediscussions.Preliminarydatasug-
process.Howtodesignandoptimizeforaclassroomrequiresastudyofits gest good intelligibility throughout the room for the condition of lecture-
soundscapeincludingthefeedbackofpotentialusersontheirperceptionof stylepresentation.Reducedintelligibilityissuggestedfortheconditionof
thesonicenvironment.Thispaperpresentshowvirtualtechnologyisused talkerinbackandreceiveratinstructororfrontcenterposition.Implications
tocharacterizetheclassroomsoundscapeandhowitisrelatedtothereality. forsounddesignwillbediscussed.
9:10 9:40
4aAAa5. Noise in and around schools. Sergio Beristain (IMA, ESIME, 4aAAa7. Exploring relationships between measured acoustic, lighting,
IPN, P.O.Box 12-1022, Narvarte, Mexico City 03001, Mexico, sberista@ and indoor air quality metrics logged in K-12 classrooms. Kieren H.
hotmail.com) SmithandLilyM.Wang(DurhamSchoolofArchitecturalEng.andCon-
struction,Univ.ofNebraska-Lincoln,PKI210C,1110S.67thSt.,Omaha,
Incomingnoiseisusuallyamajorproblemformanyschoolswhichcan NE68104,[email protected])
drasticallyaffecttheteachingprocess,andoftentimesthisisthecasedue
mainly to the traffic and community noise, but also in many cases the Comfortinclassroomsengenderslearningandcountlessfactorscontrib-
schools become themselves large noise sources, affecting the community utetothequalityofaneducationalenvironment.Alongitudinalstudymeas-
tranquility. A case study is presented which shows the noise levels and uring classroom conditions, including indoor air quality, lighting, and
acousticscharacteristicsofabasicschoollocatedinthemiddleofamiddle acoustic components has amassed data from 220 schools in the Eastern
classsuburb,emphasizingthemainnuisancesthattheschoolreceivesfrom Nebraska area. Measurements logged at time intervals no longer than 5
thesurroundings,andalsothoseproducedbytheschooltothecommunity minutes were taken for two full days in each classroom, three times in a
throughoutitsnormalactivitiesfrombeforeopeningtheschooldoorsinthe year.Usingthisdata,therelationshipsovertimethatacousticfactorshave
morning,tillthelaststudenthasleaved,andduringtheteachingandleisure withindoorairquality,thermalcomfort,andlightingfactorsareexplored.
activitiesofyoungstudents. Correlations are investigated between average measured values, time and
spatialvariationofmeasuredvalues,andspectralcompositionoftheacous-
9:25 ticmetrics.Besidescorrelationsbetweentheassortedmeasuredquantities,
otherrelationshipsbetweenthedesignofthebuildingmechanicalandlight-
4aAAa6. Multifunction speech intelligibility in a renovated historic
ingsystemsandresultingacousticconditionsarediscussed;forexample,do
room.SarahL.Bochat,MichaelB.Doing,PeggyB.Nelson(Speech-Lan-
heatpumpsorVAVboxescontributetosignificantlydifferentacousticcon-
guage-HearingSci.,Univ.ofMinnesota,164PillsburyDrSE,Minneapolis,
ditions? [Work supported by the United States Environmental Protection
MN55455,[email protected]),AnaM.Jaramillo(AFMGServicesNorth
AgencyGrantNo.R835633.]
America, LLC, Brooklyn Park, MN), and Bruce Olson (Olson Sound
Design,BrooklynPark,MN)
ShevlinHall,ahistoricbuildingerectedin1906,ispresentlyhometo
thedepartmentofSpeech-Language-HearingSciencesontheUniversityof
1894 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,Vol.143,No.3,Pt.2,March2018 175thMeeting:AcousticalSocietyofAmerica 1894
THURSDAYMORNING,10MAY2018 NICOLLETC,10:10A.M.TO12:00NOON
Session4aAAb
ArchitecturalAcoustics:TopicsinArchitecturalAcoustics—Measurements,Perceptions,andMetrics
IanB.Hoffman,Cochair
PeabodyInstitute:JohnsHopkinsUniv.,1EMountVernonPlace,Baltimore,MD21202
ShaneJ.Kanter,Cochair
ThresholdAcoustics,53W.JacksonBlvd.,Suite815,Chicago,IL60604
Chair’sIntroduction—10:10
ContributedPapers
10:15 10:45
4aAAb1. Noise level prediction in a bakery using panel contribution 4aAAb3. New research on low-frequency membrane absorbers. John
analysis combined with scale modeling. Gong Cheng and David Herrin Calder (Acoust. Surfaces, Inc., 123 Columbia Court North, Chaska, MN
(Dept. of Mech. Eng., Univ. of Kentucky, 151 Ralph G. Anderson Bldg., 55318,[email protected])
Lexington,KY40506-0503,[email protected])
Low-frequency(LF)roommodesareoneofthegreatestissuesforaccu-
Panelcontributionanalysiscombinedwithscalemodelingwasutilized ratesoundrecordingandreproduction.EffectiveLFabsorberscanmitigate
todeterminethesoundpressurelevelatdifferentpositionsinabakery.The modes in professional and consumer audio rooms. However, fiber- and
primarysourcesofnoisewerethreeheatingandairconditioningunits.Each foam-based absorbers act on sound velocity; membrane absorbers act on
oftheunitswasdiscretizedintoseveralpatchesandthevolumevelocityfor sound pressure (greatest at hard surfaces and corners). Velocity at hard
each patch was measured. Transfer functions were measured between the surfaces is zero; thus, fiber and foam absorbers work far less effectively
patchesandtwodifferentcustomerlocationsforthefull-scalebaselinecase than membrane absorbers under 200Hz. Additionally, most independent
andusinga1/10scalemodel.Transferfunctionsforthescalemodelwere testinglaboratoriesareonlylargeenoughtoaccuratelymeasureabsorption
adjustedtoaccountforairattenuationinthefull-scalecase.Panelcontribu- resultsabove160Hz(perSchroederfrequency)butnotbelow.Onlyonelab
tionanalysiswasusedtopredictnoiselevelsassumingbothcorrelatedand islargeenoughtobeaccuratedownto40Hz.AnewLFmembrane-based
uncorrelated sources. Predicted results compared well with measurement. absorber product was designed to compliment the frequency range of an
The suggested method can be used to assess the sound pressure levels in existing product. Both were separately tested for LF absorption down to
largeinteriorspacesbeforetheyareconstructedsolongasthesourceposi- 40Hzattheabove-referencedlab.TenLFabsorbertestsrevealedthatthe
tionsareknown.Inaddition,contributionsfromtheindividualsourcescan typeofabsorber,anditslocationandorientationinaroom,arecriticalto
beassessedandranked. LF absorber effectiveness. Some unexpected results, however, showed
clearlythatwithoutstandardizedlaboratoryabsorptiontestinginalabcapa-
10:30 M
ble of accurately testingdown to 40Hz, it is not possible to state conclu-
A
4aAAb2.Analyzingfrequencyresponsesfromtime-windowedimpulse sivelythatlow-frequencyabsorberproductsperformasclaimed.
U.
responsesacrossassortedtypesofroomusage.BrennaN.BoydandLily
11:00 H
M.Wang(DurhamSchoolofArchitecturalEng.andConstruction,Univ.of T
Nebraska - Lincoln, 137 N Jefferson St., Apt A, Papillion, NE 68046, 4aAAb4.Aresearchaboutinfluencestopianoplayers’perceptionand a
4
[email protected]) behavior control in brushing up processes of music pieces under the
conditionofdifferentreverberationtimesonicfields.AyakoMatsuoand
Lokkietal.(2015)examinedhowfrequencyresponsesinconcerthalls
Takeshi Akita (Sci. and Technol. for Future Life, Tokyo Denki Univ., 5
change over different time-windowed periods of the impulse response
Asahi-cho Senju Adachi-ku, Tokyo 120-8551, Japan, matsuoaya.dendai@
across low, mid, and highfrequencies,andconnectedthat withperceived
gmail.com)
qualityinthosehalls.Timewindowswereappliedtohighlightthedirect,
early, late, or total sound energy, and the resulting frequency responses Dividingpianoplayers’proficiencyprocessesofmusicpiecesintothree
wereoverlaidonthesamegraphtovieweasilythedifferenceandgrowth categoriesofearly,middleandfinalstages,wehavestudiedaboutthedif-
betweenthetimeperiodsacrossfrequencies.Inthisproject,suchfrequency ference and characteristics of their perception for sonic environment and
response analyses across different time-windowed impulse responses are control of performancebehaviour at each stage.In our previous studies, it
appliedtospacesotherthanconcerthalls,includingavarietyofclassrooms, hasbeenshownthatwecouldmeasurethedifferenceandcharacteristicsof
worship spaces, and music-centered and speech-centered performance their“perceptionandbehaviourcontrol”onperformancemainlyattheearly
spaces.Theobjectiveistoexploretheutilityofthismethodofanalysisfor and the finalstages in brain activity, using NIRS (Near-infrared spectros-
assorted room usages. In this presentation, interesting cases and trends copy)methodandhavingsomesupplementaryinterviewsaftertheexperi-
withinindividualrooms,withinonetypeofroomusage,andbetweendiffer- ments.Moreover in this paper, we carried out experiments about players’
ent types of room usage are discussed, as well as this analysis method’s “perceptionandbehaviorcontrol”onperformanceatthetwostagesunder
advantagesanddisadvantages. somedifferentreverberationtimesonicfieldsusingsamemethod.Wealso
1895 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,Vol.143,No.3,Pt.2,March2018 175thMeeting:AcousticalSocietyofAmerica 1895
made sure of the cognition of the players’ performances by having some thephysicalcharacteristicsoftheroomsuchasthevolume,size,andgeom-
supplementaryinterviewsaftertheperformanceexperiments.Asaresult,we etry make a complex design scenario full of variables and dependencies.
couldobtainthatplayers’“perceptionandbehaviorcontrol”onperformance ThePredictionofscatteredreflectionswiththehelpofcomputermodeling
is beinginfluencedfrom theconditionofreverberationtimedifferenceof is one of the most recent areas of research. Currently the only software
sonicfield. package that exist for the simulation of the scattered sound is Reflex [1]
fromAFMGwhichcanpredictscatteringanddiffusioncoefficientsof1D
11:15
acousticsdiffusersusingtheircrosssections.ItemploysBoundaryElement
4aAAb5.Amplifiedmusicandvariableacoustics—Controlled lowfre- Methodsforthecalculationpurposes.Thisstudyintendstodevelopasound
quencies and envelopment at high. Niels W. Adelman-Larsen (Flex diffusion prediction software that simulates the measurement laboratory
Acoust., Diplomvej 377, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark, nwl@flexac. environmentofthediffusioncoefficientsinaccordancewith17497-2ISO
com) standards to predict diffusion coefficients of different type of 2D and 3D
acousticsdiffuserssuchasSchroeder,fractalandvolumetricdiffusers.For
Subjectiveratingsfrom25professionalmusiciansandsoundengineers the calculations, wave-based room acoustics modeling techniques such as
wereobtainedtoassesstwoDanishrockvenuesofsimilarsizeandsimilar FDTDandBEMwillbeused.Thereareplentyofpartialdifferentialsolvers
lowfrequencyreverberationtimes,butdifferenthighfrequencyreverbera- availablethatareusedforacousticspurposeswhichwillbeusedinthispa-
tion characteristics. The musicians rated one hall outstanding and signifi- peraswell.[1]http://reflex.afmg.eu/
cantlybetterthantheother,substantiatingahypothesisthatpopvenuescan
havealongerreverberationtimeatmidtohighfrequenciesatleastinthe
11:45
empty condition with no seats installed. Possible causes for this is an
enhancementofthemusicians’easeofexpressingdynamics aswellasof 4aAAb7.First-orderapproximationofdiffractionatarectangularrigid
theirabilitytosensetheaudienceforwhomtheyareplaying.Ithasformerly plate using the physical theory of diffraction. Aleksandra Rozynova
beenshown,thatwhatcharacterizesthebesthallsforamplifiedmusicisa (Acentech,33MoultonSt.,Cambridge,MA02138,arozynova@acentech.
relatively short reverberation time at low frequencies. However, in this com) and NingXiang(RensselaerPolytechnic Inst.,GraduateProgramin
study,afairlylongreverberationtimeinthe63Hzoctavebandisfoundto ArchitecturalAcoust.,Troy,NY)
be acceptable, especially in the hall with the longer mid-high frequency
reverberationtime,pointingtowardsatoleranceforlongerreverberationin Efficientpredictionsofsounddiffractionaroundobjectsisvitalinroom-
thisbandingeneral.Further,thishintsatthepossibilitythatmid-highfre- acousticssimulations.RecenteffortsusingthePhysicalTheoryofDiffrac-
quencyreverberationcanmask,atleast63Hzbandchallenges.The125Hz tion(PTD)[Rozynova,A.andXiang,N.,J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,141,pp.3785
octavebandRT,whichtherebyremainsthesinglemostimportanttocontrol (2017)]havebeenreportedonsomecanonicalobjectsofinfinitesize.This
for amplified music, is app. 1 sec in the two venues that hold some 700 researchhasbeenfurtherdevelopedbasedonsolvingdiffractionproblems
standingaudiences onfinite,rectangularplateswhicharefreefromgrazingsingularities.Sepa-
ratesolutionsareconsideredfordiffractionfromtwopairsoftherigidplate
11:30 edges,theedgewavesaroundtheplatecornerareignoredduetothelower
orderofdiffractioncontributionsinthefar-field.Thispaperwilldiscussnu-
4aAAb6.Onthepredictionofsounddiffusioncoefficient.HassanAzad
mericalimplementationsofthetheoreticalpredictionstodemonstratetheef-
andGaryW.Siebein(Architecture,Univ.ofFlorida,3527SW,20thAve,
ficiency of the PTD in room-acoustics simulations for finite sized
1132B,Gainesville,FL32607,h.azad@ufl.edu)
rectangular plates. The implemented numerical results will also be com-
Acousticdiffusersareoneofthekeyelementsinarchitecturalacoustic pared with some preliminary experimental results carried out with a
design. The shape, placement and combination with absorbers along with goniometer.
1896 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,Vol.143,No.3,Pt.2,March2018 175thMeeting:AcousticalSocietyofAmerica 1896
THURSDAYMORNING,10MAY2018 LAKESHOREB,8:00A.M.TO11:50A.M.
Session4aAB
AnimalBioacoustics:AnimalSoundProductionandHearing
MichealL.Dent,Chair
Psychology,UniversityatBuffalo,SUNY,B76ParkHall,Buffalo,NY14260
Chair’sIntroduction—8:00
ContributedPapers
8:05 8:35
4aAB1.Temporalfinestructureandzebrafinchvocalizations.NoraH. 4aAB3.Useoftransitionandabstractrulesbybudgerigarsinauditory
Prior,EdwardSmith,GregoryF.Ball,andRobertDooling(Psych.,Univer- patternprocessing.AdamFishbein,GregoryF.Ball,andRobertDooling
isty of Maryland, 4094 Campus Dr, College Park, MD 20742, nhprior@ (Neurosci.&Cognit.Sci.,Univ.ofMaryland,CollegePark,4123Biology-
umd.edu) Psych.Bldg.,UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark,MD20742,afishbei@
umd.edu)
Thetemporalfinestructure(TFS)ofanacousticsignalreferstothesmaller
changeswithinthetimewaveform,independentoflargerenvelopechanges. Budgerigars, a small species of parrot, are open-ended vocal learners
Bioacousticianstypicallyhavereliedonsonographicanalysestodescribethe thatproducealong,ramblingwarblesong.Pastworkhasshownthatthese
primary acoustic features of animal vocalizations and human speech. How- birdsaresensitivetochangesintheorderoftheirsongelementsbutitisnot
ever,sonographicanalysesdonotrevealthetemporalfinestructureincomplex clear what rules they may use to process changes in sounds sequences.
vocalsignals.Recentresearchontheperceptionofhumanspeechbynormal- Here, weusedoperantconditioning andpsychophysical techniquestoask
hearingandhearing-impairedlistenershassuggestedthatTFSisimportantfor howbudgerigarsdiscriminateamongpatternedauditorysequences.Inthese
speech comprehension. Interestingly, birds have much better sensitivity to experiments,auditorysequencesoftheformAAB,composedofpuretones
changesinTFSthandohumans,suggestingTFScouldalsobeimportantfor or natural warble elements, were played to the bird as a repeating back-
communicationinbirds.TFSincomplexsignalsisextremelydifficulttostudy grounduntilthebirdpeckedakeytoinitiateatrial.Duringatrial,eithera
inisolationsinceitoccursalongwithotheracousticfeaturesofcomplexsig- targetsequenceplayedthatdifferedfromthebackgroundintheorderofthe
nals.But,hereusingavarietyoftechniquestoreduceoreliminateotheracous- elementsorashamtrialoccurredwheretherewasnochange.Resultsshow
tic features of a complex acoustic signal, we show that zebra finches have thatbudgerigarsuserulesaboutthetransitionsbetweenelementstodetect
particularly good perceptual sensitivity to the natural variation in TFS, and targets.Furtherexperimentsusingmultiplebackgroundsequencesshowthat
thatthereareverylikelysystematicdifferencesinTFSthatareuniquetovari- the birds are also sensitive to the underlying abstract pattern of sounds
ousclassesofvocalsignals.Theseresultssuggestthat,aswithhumanspeech, (same-same-different).Thus,withtheirabilitytoattendtosurfacetransition
TFSmaybeimportantinavianacousticcommunication. rules (phonology-like) and deeper abstract patterns (syntax-like), budgeri-
gars are a useful vocal learning model for studying the neurobiology and
8:20
evolutionoflanguage.
M
4aAB2. Calls of the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). Edward J. A
Walsh(Res.,BoysTownNatl.Res.Hospital,555North30thSt.,Omaha, 8:50 U.
NE 68132, [email protected]), Peggy Nelson, Andrew Byrne,
H
Jeff Marr, Christopher Feist, Christopher Milliren, Julia Ponder, Patrick 4aAB4. Ultrasonic vocalization production by socially isolated and T
Redig (Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN), and JoAnn McGee (Res., experiencedmice.LaurelA.ScrevenandMichealL.Dent(Psych.,Univ.at a
4
BoysTownNatl.Res.Hospital,Omaha,NE) Buffalo,B80ParkHall,Buffalo,NY14260,[email protected])
Injury and mortality statistics suggest that bald eagles entering the air Miceproduceultrasonicvocalizations(USVs)inawidevarietyofsocial
spaceofwindenergyfacilitiesfaceconsiderablerisk.Tomitigatethehazard, situations, including courtship, investigation, and territorial defense.
acousticdeterrentsystemsdesignedtodiscourageentryintosuchhazardous AlthoughproductionofUSVsisbelievedtobeinnate,suggestingmicedo
airspacesareunderconsideration.Inthisstudy,theacousticpropertiesofa notneedacousticexperiencewithconspecificstoproducecalls,itispossi-
collectionofcalltypeswithintheeaglevocalrepertoirearereportedasafirst blemicerequireexperiencetoemitcallsintheproperbehavioralcontext.
stepinalargerprogramofstudydesignedtoassessthedeterrentcapacityof Male mice require social experience with a female to produce USVs in
thebird’snaturalvocalutterances.Tothatend,callswererecordedfrombald response to olfactory signals present in dirty bedding (e.g., Nyby et al.,
eagleshousedintheRaptorCenterattheUniversityofMinnesota.Basedon 1983),andisolatedmalemicewillproducemoreUSVsthansociallyexperi-
preliminary acoustic analyses, at least five calls were identified and are encedmales(Keesometal.,2017),howevertheinfluenceofsocialexperi-
referredtohereaspeal/scream,chatter/cackle,snort,squealandgrunt.With ence on vocal production by female mice has yet to be investigated. The
theexceptionofthelowfrequencygrunt,callswereuniformlyhighpitched, presentexperimentaimedtodetermineifsocialisolationorexperiencewith
tonalinnature,exhibitedharmonicspectralstructure,andtheyweregenerally conspecificsinfluencesthevocalrepertoireofadultfemaleCBA/CaJmice.
complex,exhibitingdistinctnonlinearcharacteristics.Inthispresentation,the Mousecallswererecordedduringexposuretoanunknownmaleorfemale
spectrotemporalpropertiesofeachcalltypewillbedescribedwiththegoalof mouse and analyzed to determine if isolation or experience affected call
generating an acoustic repository to enable the consistent classification of number, rate, or spectrotemporal complexity. Chronic social isolation did
callstobetestedfortheirpotentialasdeterrencesignals.[Thisworkwassup- influencethevocalrepertoire,suggestingthatsocialexperienceplaysarole
portedbyDepartmentofEnergygrant#DE-EE0007881.] intheproductionofUSVsbyfemalemice.
1897 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,Vol.143,No.3,Pt.2,March2018 175thMeeting:AcousticalSocietyofAmerica 1897
9:05 eachlocation,wemeasuredfromseveralradialpositions.BoththeBMand
intra-OoCvibrationsaretunedandshownonlinear amplification,orcom-
4aAB5.Theeffectsofnoiseandageonthedetectionofultrasonicvocal-
pressive growth, with the applied sound pressure level. Similar to recent
izations and pure tones by laboratory mice. Anastasiya Kobrina and
reports(Renetal,PNAS2016;RenandHe,MoH2017),wefindthatthe
Micheal L. Dent (Psych.,SUNY Univ.at Buffalo, B23Park Hall, SUNY
motionsofsurfaceswithintheOoCcanexhibitagreaterdegreeofcompres-
UniversityatBuffalo,Amherst,NY14261,[email protected])
sive nonlinearity (amplification) and physiological vulnerability than the
Mice are frequently used to study and model age-related hearing loss motionoftheBM.Additionally,someresponsesshowsharpnotchesnear
(ARHL) due to similarities in human and mouse cochleae and in genetic theonsetofthenonlinearregime.
makeup. Mice emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) that may be used for
9:50
communication. Behavioral research has established that mice exhibit
ARHLfordetectionofUSVsandpuretones,howeverlaterinlifethanpre- 4aAB8.Copulationcallsoffemalechimpanzees(Pantroglodytes)signal
viously estimated by electrophysiological methods. In addition, mice fertility.AnthonyP.Massaro(Ecology,Evolution,andBehavior,Univ.of
showedsex-relatedARHLdifferencesforUSVsbutnotfor42kHztones. Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Cir, Falcon Heights, MN 55108,
InordertofullyunderstandwhethermicecanbeusedtomodelARHLitis [email protected]),EmilyE.Boehm(EvolutionaryAnthropology,Duke,
criticaltoexaminehearinglossforsimpleandcomplexstimuliinavariety Durham,NC),ElizabethV.Lonsdorf(Psych.andBiologicalFoundationsof
oflisteningenvironments.Inthisstudy,detectionthresholdsweremeasured Behavior Program, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA), Carson
inadultmiceusingoperantconditioningproceduresandpositivereinforce- M.Murray,MargaretA.Stanton(Ctr.fortheAdv.StudyofHumanPaleobi-
ment.MiceweretrainedtodetectUSVsandhighfrequencypuretonesin ology,TheGeorgeWashingtonUniv.,WashingtonDC,DC),andMichael
silenceandin50dBwhitenoise.Theresultsrevealedthatadultmiceretain Wilson(Anthropology,Univ.ofMinnesota,Minneapolis,MN)
hearinglateintotheirlifespan,withveryoldmiceexhibitinghigherthresh-
In many species, females produce vocalizations during or soon after
oldsforUSVsandpuretonesinnoisethaninsilence.Theresultshighlight
mating. In chimpanzees, these calls accompany only some matings while
the importance ofmeasuringhearinginawake,trained,behavingsubjects
visual signals of sexual receptivity are always visible. Proposed explana-
whencomparingARHLacrossdifferentspecies.[Thisworkwassupported
tionsforchimpanzeecopulationcallsinclude(1)increasingpaternityconfu-
byF31DC016545andR01DC012302.]
sionandthusreducinginfanticiderisk,and(2)competingmoreeffectively
9:20 withotherfemalesformalematinginterest.Weusedinformationtheoretic
modelselectiontotestcompetinghypothesesusingarecordof1,168copu-
4aAB6.Theuseof backgroundnoiseto maskobjectionable soundsto
lationeventsrecordedbythemother-infantprojectteamatGombeNational
rodents.RobertD.Bruce,ArnoS.Bommer,IsaacHarwell,AdamYoung,
Park, Tanzania (1976-2015). We found that females produced copulation
and Max Meynig (CSTI Acoust., 16155 Park Row # 150, Houston, TX
callsmorefrequentlyinthelastweekoftheirreproductivecycle,whenthey
77084-6971,[email protected])
aremostfertile.Thistimingisconsistentwiththehypothesisthatcopulation
Construction noise and vibration can interrupt sleep/concentration of callsfunctionasanhonestsignaloffertility.Whilefemalesalsosignalfer-
humansduringrenovations.Noisetreatmentsorvibrationbreakscanreduce tility visually (with sexual swellings), copulation calls may signal to a
theimpact.Butcouldbackgroundnoisecoverupamoderatelevelofcon- broaderaudience,encouragingmalestoinvestinmatingeffort.Maleprima-
structionnoise?Innocuoussoundsareusedtomaskquieterbutmoreannoy- tesareoftenportrayedasalwaysbeingreadytomate,butinreality,mating
ingsounds.Theconceptiscommonlyusedinofficestoaidinconcentration entailspotentialcostsformales,includingtheriskofaggressionfromother
andreduceannoyanceinplaceswherepeopleworkorsleep.Butcoulditbe males,andopportunitycoststhatmustbeweighedagainsttheriskofmating
used to maskconstruction noiseif the recipients were rodentsratherthan withanon-ovulatingfemale.
people?Intheory,theconceptofsoundmaskingshouldbevalidforother
10:05–10:20Break
speciesofanimals.Excessivenoiseandvibrationhasbeenshowntoaffect
rodentbehaviorincludingbreeding.Theirhearing,extendingintotheultra-
10:20
sound region, complicates efforts to recognize and measure the rodents’
acousticalenvironment.Duringthepastseveralyears,wehavehadoccasion 4aAB9.Vesselsoundcutsdowncommunicationspaceforvocalisingfish
tostudytheliteratureonrodents’hearingandtheuseofmaskingtoprevent andmarinemammals.RosalynL.Putland(LeighMarineLab.,Inst.ofMa-
thecreaturesfrombeingbotheredbyintrudingsound.Inthispaper,wesum- rine Sci., Univ. of Auckland, 160 Goat Island Rd., Leigh, Auckland 0985,
marizetheliteratureandinvestigatetheconceptofmaskingforrodentswith NewZealand,[email protected]),NathanD.Merchant,AdrianFar-
respecttoregularlyencounteredsoundsourcesandsoundsfromconstruc- cas(Ctr.forEnvironment,FisheriesandAquacultureSci.,Lowestoft,Suffolk,
tionactivities. UnitedKingdom),andCraigA.Radford(LeighMarineLab.,Inst.ofMarine
Sci.,Univ.ofAuckland,Warkworth,NewZealand)
9:35
Anthropogenicnoiseacrosstheworld’soceansthreatenstheabilityof
4aAB7.Opticalcoherencetomographyrevealscomplexmotionbetween
vocalizing marine species to communicate. Some species vocalize at key
thebasilarmembraneandorganofcortiinthegerbilcochlea.ClarkE.
lifestagesorwhilstforaging,anddisruptiontotheacoustichabitatatthese
Strimbu (Dept. of Otolaryngol., Head and Neck Surgery, ColumbiaUniv.
timescouldleadtoadverseconsequencesatthepopulationlevel.Toexplore
Medical Ctr., P&S 11-452, 630 West 168 St., New York, NY 10032,
theriskofsuchimpacts,weinvestigatedtheeffectofvesselnoiseonthe
[email protected]),NathanC.Lin(Dept.ofElec.Eng.,Colum-
communicationspaceoftheBryde’swhaleBalaenopteraedeni,anendan-
biaUniv.,NewYork,NY),andElizabethS.Olson(Dept.ofOtolaryngol.,
gered species which vocalizes at low frequencies and bigeye Pempheris
HeadandNeckSurgery,ColumbiaUniv.MedicalCtr.,NewYork,NY)
adspersa,anocturnalfishspecieswhichusescontactcallstomaintaingroup
The mechanical basis of auditory transduction within the mammalian cohesionwhileforaging.Bycombininglong-termacousticmonitoringdata
cochlea is notfullyunderstood butrelies oncomplexmechanicalinterac- withAISvessel-trackingdataandacousticpropagationmodelling,aquanti-
tionsbetweendifferentstructureswithintheOrganofCorti(OoC).Weused tativemethodfordeterminingtheimpactofvesselnoiseontheircommuni-
spectraldomainphasemicroscopy,afunctionalextensionofopticalcoher- cation space was established. Routine vessel passages cut down
encetomography(OCT),tomeasurethesound-evokedmotioninresponse communication space by up to 61.5% for bigeyes and 87.4% for Bryde’s
to“Zwuis”frequencycomplexes,invivo,inthebasalregionofthegerbil whales. The influence of vessel noise on communication space also
cochlea.BecauseOCTallowsformeasurementsfrommultipleaxialposi- exceedednaturalvariabilitybetween3.9and18.9%ofthemonitoringpe-
tionsalongtheopticalpath,weareabletosimultaneouslyrecordvibration riod.Tocombatpotentialeffectsofvesselsound,weproposetheapplica-
atdifferentpointswithintheOoCbetweenthebasilarmembrane(BM)and tionorextensionofshipspeedrestrictionsinecologicallysignificantareas,
tectorial membrane. Imaging through the round window membrane, we sinceourresultsindicateareductioninsoundsourcelevelsforvesselstran-
could record from several longitudinal locations along the cochlea and at sitingatlowerspeeds.
1898 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,Vol.143,No.3,Pt.2,March2018 175thMeeting:AcousticalSocietyofAmerica 1898
10:35 bimodal spectra and that, compared with unimodal spectra, calls with bi-
modalspectraaremoreattractive.Inaddition,“interval-counting”neurons
4aAB10. Analysis of Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) sounds
inthefrogauditorymidbrainareselectiveforconspecificpulserates.How-
recorded in the Northwest Atlantic. Xavier Mouy (School of Earth and
ever,itisnotknownwhetherpulserateinformationiscomputedpriorto,or
OceansSci.,Univ.ofVictoria,POBox1700,Victoria,BCV8W3P6,Can-
subsequentto,spectralintegration.Weconductedbehavioralexperimentsto
ada, [email protected]), Rodney A. Rountree (Biology, Univ. of
investigatetheserialorderofpulseratecomputationsandspectralintegra-
Victoria,Waquoit,MA),KatieA.Burchard(NortheastFisheriesSci.Ctr.,
tion.Inphonotaxisteststhatusedbimodalandunimodalstimuliwithvari-
NOAA Cooperative Res. Study Fleet Program, Narragansett, RI), Francis
able pulse rates, we tested the hypothesis that spectral information is
Juanes (Biology, Univ. of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada), and Stan E.
integratedpriortopulseratecomputationsversusthealternativehypothesis
Dosso(SchoolofEarth andOceansSci.,Univ.of Victoria,Victoria,BC,
thatpulseratecanbecomputedindependentlyindifferentfrequencychan-
Canada)
nelspriortospectralintegration.Ourresultssupportthelatterhypothesis,
Haddock(Melanogrammusaeglefinus)arepresentonbothsidesofthe andsuggestpulseratecanbecomputedindependentlyinseparatefrequency
North Atlantic. Their distribution in the Northwest Atlantic ranges from channels.Theseresultsgiveinsightintothemechanismsoftemporalproc-
Greenland to North Carolina. They are an important food resource that essingunderlyingtheperceptionofkeybiologicalinformation.
needstobecloselymonitoredtoensureasustainablefishery.Researchstud-
ieshavereportedthatbothmaleandfemalehaddockproducesoundsduring 11:20
courtship and spawning. These sounds can be used to monitor spawning
4aAB13.Within-individualvariationinsignalproductionlimitsfemale
activitiesnon-intrusivelyandatlargescale.Theobjectiveofthispaperisto
choiceinnoisytreefrogchoruses.JessieC.Tanner(Ecology,Evolution,
analysethespatialandtemporaloccurrenceofHaddocksoundsintheGulf
and Behavior, Univ. of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 1479 Gortner Ave, 140
of Maine. Passive acoustic data were collected in 2003, 2004, 2006, and
GortnerLabs,SaintPaul,MN55108,[email protected])andMarkBee
2007 in areas known to contain spawning haddock. To analyze the large
(Ecology,Evolution, andBehavior,Univ.ofMinnesota- TwinCities,St.
amountofdatacollected,anautomatedhaddocksounddetectorwasdevel-
Paul,MN)
opedbasedonameasureofkurtosisandtheDynamicTimeWarpingalgo-
rithm. The detector was trained using the 2006 and 2007 data and its Inacousticallycommunicatinganimalssuchasanuransandorthopter-
performancewas quantified andoptimizedbycomparing detectionresults ans, individual signalers can display remarkable variation in signal traits,
withmanuallyannotatedHaddocksounds.Thedetectorwasthenusedtoan- evenwithinasingleboutofcalling.Thiswithin-individualvariationhasthe
alyzedatacollectedin2003and2004.Resultsprovideinformationonthe potentialto“mask”thebetween-individualvariationthatisthetargetofsex-
temporalandspatialdistributionsofcourtshipandspawningsounds. ualselection.Thus,receiversmaynotalwaysbeabletodiscriminateamong
malesbasedonpropertiesoftheiracousticsignals,evenwhenfemalechoice
10:50
iswelldocumentedinthelab.Theeffectofwithin-individualvariationmay
4aAB11.Afrog’slungssharpenthefrequencytuningofitsperipheral be compounded by noise generated by breeding choruses of conspecifics,
auditory system: A pulmonary paradox resolved? Mark Bee (Dept. of which can prevent signal detection or discrimination. We manipulated
Ecology,Evolution,andBehavior,Univ.ofMinnesota,100Ecology,1987 within-individualvariationintwosignaltraits(callrateandpulserate)that
UpperBufordCircle,St.Paul,MN55108,[email protected]),NormanLee arecriticallyimportantformatechoiceinHylachrysoscelis,Cope’sgray
(Dept.ofBiology,St.OlafCollege,Northfield,MN),andJakobChristen- treefrog.Wereplicatedourdesignatthreerealisticlevelsofchorusnoise.
sen-Dalsgaard (Biology Inst., Univ. of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Within-individual variation in signal traits reduced the strength of sexual
Denmark) selectionononeoftwotraits,andreceiverswerelesslikelytodiscriminate
againstlower-qualitysignalsunderconditionsofrealisticchorusnoise.Our
In frogs, sound localization is facilitated by the directionality of their
results suggest that preference functions generated using stimuli that lack
internallycoupledears,whichareconnectedthroughthemouthcavityand
within-individual variation, under ideal listening conditions, may chroni-
Eustachian tubes. Acoustic input through the frog’s body wall and lungs
callyover-estimatethestrengthofsexualselectiononsignaltraitsinnatural
alsoshapestheear’sdirectionality.Onehypothesizedfunctionofthelung
populations.
inputistoenhancedirectionalhearingtoimprovelocalizationofconspecific
calls.However,anunresolvedparadoxexists:thelunginputoftenimproves
11:35
directionalityatfrequenciesthatareintermediatebetweenthoseemphasized
inconspecificvocalizations.Thepresentstudyofgreentreefrogs(Hylacin- 4aAB14.Effectofbroadbandchirpsignalonthesonicbehaviorofthe/
M
erea)mayresolvethisparadox.Usinglaservibrometry,weshowthatthe kwa/fishesinhabitingPosidoniaoceanicaseagrassmeadow.Jean-Pierre A
lunginputimprovesdirectionalityatfrequenciesemphasizedinconspecific HermandandLauraVelardi(LISA-Environ.HydroAcoust.Lab,Universit(cid:2)e U.
callsbyjust2dBorless.Incontrast,thelunginputreducesthefrontalfield libre de Bruxelles, av. F.D. Roosevelt 50, Brussels 1050, Belgium, lve-
H
sensitivityofthetympanumbyupto7dBinresponsetofrequenciesthat [email protected]) T
areintermediatebetweenthoseemphasizedinconspecificcallsandtowhich a
the two inner ear papillae are tuned. These results suggest the lung input Early experiment to study acoustics of Posidonia oceanica seagrasses 4
mayfunctionincommunicationbysharpeningthefrequencytuningofthe (USTICA99)transmittedacousticchirpsignals(0.2-16kHz,15.8s)every
peripheralauditorysystem,whichinturncouldfilteroutfrequenciesinhet- minute during 3 days over a meadow. Receiving hydrophones recorded
erospecific calls in some mixed-species choruses. How the lung input vocalizationsfromunknownfishinhabitants,whichsoundlike/kwa/.Here,
achievesthis“noisecancellation”iscurrentlyunderinvestigation. we address the impact of our measurements on this fish population. The
authors’earsanalyzedtherecordingstoidentifyallfishvocalizationsand
11:05 attempttorecognize/kwa/individualsbasedontimbre.Acomparativeanal-
ysisofthe/kwa/soundproductionwithintimeintervalsbetweenandduring
4aAB12.Temporalinformationprocessingingraytreefrogs:Compute
chirptransmissionwasmadetounderstandifandhowthesonicbehavioris
within frequency then integrate across frequency. Saumya Gupta and
affected.Asinfewsimilarstudiesforotheranthropogenicnoisesourceson
MarkBee(Ecology,EvolutionandBehavior,Univ.ofMinnesota,100Ecol-
alimitednumberofspecies,therewasanobservableeffect.Themajorpart
ogy, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, gupta333@umn.
ofthevocalizationpatternsthatwereidentifiedwithinthechirptimeinter-
edu)
valstartedneartheonsetofthefrequencysweep,whichfirstspanstherange
InCope’sgraytreefrog(Hylachrysoscelis),thepulserateofadvertise- of/kwa/soundproduction(0.4-2kHz).Thenumberofsinglevocalizations
mentcallsisaspeciesrecognitioncue.Thistemporalinformationisredun- perunittimeduringthatperiodwasclosetothatduringtheno-chirptime
dant across two spectral bands in the call’s bimodal spectrum that are intervalwhileduringhighersweptfrequencieswasmarkedlysmaller.This
primarilytransducedbydifferentinnerearpapillae.Previousstudieshave suggeststhefishdetectionrangemayextendtowardultrasoundtoavoiddol-
shown that some neurons in the frog auditory midbrain are selective for phinpredators.Quantitativeresultswillbepresented.
1899 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,Vol.143,No.3,Pt.2,March2018 175thMeeting:AcousticalSocietyofAmerica 1899
THURSDAYMORNING,10MAY2018 GREENWAYF/G,8:00A.M.TO11:55A.M.
Session4aBA
BiomedicalAcoustics:AcousticImagingofSmallVesselsandLowSpeedFlow
MahdiBayat,Chair
Biomedicalandphysiology,MayoClinic,2001stSt.SW,Rochester,MN55905
Chair’sIntroduction—8:00
InvitedPapers
8:05
4aBA1.Ultrasonicnon-contrastperfusionimagingwithadaptivedemodulation.JaimeTierneyandBrettByram(BiomedicalEng.,
VanderbiltUniv.,2301VanderbiltPl.;PMB351631,Nashville,TN37235,[email protected])
Ultrasonic non-contrast perfusion imaging remains challenging due to spectral broadening of the tissue clutter signal caused by
patientandsonographerhandmotion.Simply,thevelocityoftheslowestmovingbloodhassimilarspectralsupporttothemovingtissue.
Toaddressthisproblem,wedevelopedanadaptivedemodulation(AD)schemetosuppressthebandwidthoftissuepriortohigh-passfil-
tering.Themethodworksbydirectlyestimatingthemodulationimposedbytissuemotion,andthenremovingthatmotionfromthesig-
nal.OurinitialimplementationusedsingleplanewavepowerDopplerimagingsequencecombinedwithaconventionalhigh-passIIR
tissuefilter.However,otherrecentadvancementsinbeamformingandtissuefilteringhavebeenproposedforimprovedslow-flowimag-
ing,includingcoherentflowpowerDoppler(CFPD)andsingularvaluedecomposition(SVD).Here,weaimtoevaluateADseparately
aswellasincomparisonandinconjunctionwithimprovementsinbeamformingandfilteringusingsimulationsandaninvivomuscle
contractionexperiment.Weshowthatsimulatedblood-to-backgroundSNRishighestwhenusingAD+CFPDanda100msensemble,
whichresultedina9.88dBincreaseinSNRcomparedtoCFPDbyitself.Additionally,AD+SVDresultedina54.6%increaseinmean
powerwithintheinvivomuscleaftercontractioncomparedtoa6.84%increasewithADandaconventionalIIRfilter.
8:30
4aBA2.Enhancedsensitivityofflowdetectioninsmallvesselswithslowflowbycoherent-flowpowerDoppler.JeremyJ.Dahl(Ra-
diology,StanfordUniv.,3155PorterDr,PaloAlto,CA94304,[email protected])
PowerDopplerimagingisacommonlyusedmethodforthedetectionofflow.However,thesensitivityofpowerDopplerinsmall
vesseldetectionislimitedinclinicalultraoundscannersbyacombinationoffactors,includingthesmall-diameterofvessels,slowflow
throughthevessels,thesizeoftheDopplerensemble,thepresenceofmotion,thepresenceofnoise,andthetypeoffilterused.Wehave
developedanalternativepowerDopplerimagingtechniquethatenhancesflowdetectionofsmallvesselsandslowflow.Thistechnique
utilizesthesameprinciplesaspowerDoppler,butusesthecoherenceofbackscatteredbloodsignalratherthanthebackscatteredsignal
power.Weshowthatthistechnique,calledcoherentflowpowerDoppler(CFPD),islesssensitivetoclutter-basedsignalsandthermal
noiseandimprovessignal-to-noiseratiooftheflowsignal.Weshowthroughsimulations,phantoms,andinvivoexperimentationin
humanliverthatthisadditionalsignal-to-noiseratio(7.5-12.5dB)canbeutilizedtodetectslowerflow,improvedframerate(smaller
Dopplerensemble),orimprovetheDopplerimageprofile.Inaddition,thetechniquedemonstratesbettersignal-to-noiseratioforsmall-
sizedvessels(lessthan2mm).
8:55
4aBA3.Spatiotemporalclutterfilteringmethodsforinvivomicrovesselimaging.PengfeiSongandShigaoChen(Dept.ofRadiol-
ogy,MayoClinicCollegeofMedicine,Med.Sci.1-26,200FirstSt.SW,Rochester,MN55905,[email protected])
UltrafastplanewaveimagingenablesacquisitionandaccumulationofalargenumberofDopplerensemblesinashortperiodof
time,whichsubstantiallyboostsultrasoundDopplersensitivitybyatleastanorderofmagnitude.Asakeycomponent,spatiotemporal
clutterfilteringbasedonsingularvaluedecomposition(SVD)hasrecentlydemonstratedsuperiorperformanceintissuecluttersuppres-
sionandmicrovesselsignalextractionoverconventionalhigh-pass-filter-basedclutterfilteringtechniques.Thispresentationintroduces
several novel SVD clutter filter techniques from our recent work, focusing on addressing the technical challenges (complex tissue
motion,highcomputationalcost,andnoise)ofSVDclutterfilterduringclinicaltranslationsoftheultrafastmicrovesselimagingtech-
nologyforhumanimaging.Wepresentablock-wiseadaptiveSVDfiltermethodthatcanrobustlythresholdsingularvaluesonalocal
level,areal-timefeasibleSVDclutterfilteringmethodbasedonpartialSVDandrandomizedspatialdownsampling,andanoiseequal-
izationandsuppressionmethodthatcansignificantlyimprovemicrovesselimagingqualityatalowcost.Invivoperformanceofthese
methodswillbedemonstratedindifferentorgans.
1900 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,Vol.143,No.3,Pt.2,March2018 175thMeeting:AcousticalSocietyofAmerica 1900
9:20
4aBA4.Newsamplingandfilteringapproachestolabel-freeultrasonicperfusionimaging.YangZhu(Dept.ofBioEng.,Univ.of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,B412 Beckman Inst., 405 North Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, [email protected]), Minwoo
Kim(Dept.ofElec.andComput.Eng.,Univ.ofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign,Urbana,IL),andMichaelF.Insana(Dept.ofBioEng.,
Univ.ofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign,Urbana,IL)
Color-flowandpowerDopplerimagingaresafe,low-cost,non-invasivetechniquesforassessingbloodflowthroughoutthebody.
Imagingmicrovascularflowsandperfusiongenerallyrequiresinjectablecontrastagentstoseparatetissueclutterfrombloodechoes.
Ourinnovationistomodifyechoacquisitiontoexpanddatadimensionalityandincreasesensitivityofnon-enhancedPDimagingto
veryslow,disorganizedflows.Toseparateperfusionfromotherechosignals,wedevelopedahigher-ordersingularvaluedecomposition
filterthatappropriatelyreducesdatadimensionality.Effectiveeliminationofclutterandnoiseresultsimprovedperfusionspecificity.
Our methodsareappliedtoexistingcommercialUSinstruments,whichmakesthemimmediately valuabletomedicalpractice.Our
methodswerepreviouslytestedat24MHzinastudyinvolvingmuscleischemiaandhighly-vascularmelanomalesionsinmice.This
studytranslatesthemethodstolowerfrequencies(5-10MHz)forhumantrials.Wedevelopedadialysis-cartridgedeviceusingTM-
bloodtoquantifyingveryslowflowinthepresenceoftissue-likeclutterandnoise.Wecalibratedourtechniquetoquantifythesensitiv-
ity,dynamicrange,andspatialresolutionofPDimaging.Resultsindicateanabilitytoseparateflowspeedsaslowas0.3mm/sfrom
cluttersignals.
9:45
4aBA5.Multi-resolutionrankanalysisfornon-contrastultrasoundimagingofslowflow.MahdiBayat(BiomedicalandPhysiol.,
MayoClinic,2001stSt.SW,Rochester,MN55905,[email protected]),AzraAlizad(Radiology,MayoClinic,Rochester,MN),
andMostafaFatemi(BiomedicalandPhysiol.,MayoClinic,Rochester,MN)
Whileconventionalfilteringtechniquescaneffectivelyexcludetissue-relatedDopplershiftsfromthoseresultingfrombloodmotions
inlargevessels(flowrates~cm/s),significantspectraloverlapcanhinderproperclutterfilteringinimagingslowflows(flowrates~
mm/sortenthsofmm/s).Recently,severalgroupshaveproposedclutterfilteringviaprocessingofechoensemblesintherankspace
insteadoffrequencydomain.ThoughsignificantDopplercontentcanresultfromfastmovingtissues,globalcoherenceoftheinduced
variationsenablesalowrankrepresentation.Inthistalk,wefirstprovideabriefoverviewofthelowrankclutterremovalmethods.We
thenpresentanewframeworkfortheanalysisofDopplerensemblesusingmulti-lineardecompositionofatensorcomprisingDoppler
ensemblesatdifferentrates.Themodelresultsinahighdimensionaltensorfromwhich,afterproperrankselection,imagesofflowat
differentspeedscanbeextractedalongdifferentfibers.Usingsimulationmodels,wedemonstratethesuperiorperformanceofthepro-
posedmethodoversingularvalueclutterfilteringinimagingsmallvesselsembeddedinmovingtissueundergoingbothtranslationaland
shearing motions. We also present in vivo examples where the proposed method provides significant blood to clutter+noise ratio
enhancementcomparedtosingularvalueclutterfiltering.
10:10–10:25Break
ContributedPapers
10:25 10:40
4aBA6.Phantomstudyofflowspeedmeasurementusingultrafastultra- 4aBA7.Quantitativemorphologicalanalysisofmicrovasculatureinthy-
soundplanewaveimaging.BoranZhouandXiaomingZhang(Radiology, roidnodulesusingnon-contrast high-resolution Dopplerimaging.Sia-
MayoClinic,3213rdAveSW,Rochester,MN55902,Zhou.Boran@mayo. vashGhavami(Radiology,MayoClinic,CollegeofMedicine,200FirstSt. M
edu) SW,Rochester,MN55905,[email protected]),MahdiBayat,Adri- A
Colorflowimagingisanultrasoundimagingtechniquewidelyusedto ana Gregory, Bae Hyeong Kim, Kumar Viksit (Physiol. and Biomedical U.
Eng., Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN), Jeremy Webb H
imagethebloodmovementthrougharteriesandveins.Quantificationofve-
(Radiology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN), Mostafa T
locityisurgentlydemanding.Theobjectiveofthisstudyistouseultrafast Fatemi(Physiol.andBiomedicalEng.,MayoClinic,CollegeofMedicine, a
plane wave imaging to measure the flow in speed in vitro. For the flow 4
Rochester, MN), and Azra Alizad (Radiology, Mayo Clinic, College of
phantom,thediagonalvessel(2-mminnerdiameterat40(cid:2)angle)wasstud-
Medicine,Rochester,MN)
iedwithinjectionofbloodmimicfluidviasyringepumpatvariousvolume
rates(15,20,25,and30ml/min).VerasonicsVantagesystem(Verasonics Wehypothesizethatpatternofmicrovasculatureinthethyroidnodules
Inc.,Kirkland,WA,USA)andalineararraytransducerL11-4v(Verasonics canbeabiomarkerofthyroidcancer.Inthisstudy,morphologicalfeatures
Inc.,Kirkland,WA,USA)wereusedforultrasoundacquisition,a8-angle ofmicrovasculaturenetworksareassessedaspotentialbiomarkersfordif-
((cid:3)7(cid:2) to 7(cid:2)) plane wave compounding with effective pulse-repetition fre- ferentiationofbenign,suspiciousandmalignantthyroidnodules.Thispro-
quency(PRF)of1000Hzwasused(centralfrequency=6.42MHz,number spective study included n=81 patients, with a total of 61 benign, 12
oftransmitcycles=4).Atotalof600ensembleswereacquired.Theframe suspiciousand8malignantnodulesverfiedbypathologyandcytologyfind-
ratewas1000/s.[XZ1][BZ2]Theultrasoundin-phasequadraturedatasize ings.ThyroidnoduleswerefirstidentifiedusingconventionalB-modeultra-
was195(cid:4)156(cid:4)600(axialxlateralxtemporal)withdatatypeofcomplex sound.Asequenceofrawultrasounddatawereacquiredfromeachnodule
double. Singular value decomposition (SVD)-based ultrasoundblood flow siteintwoperpendicularplanesat~600frames/sec.PowerDopplerimage
clutter filters was used for ultrafast plane wave imaging.[XZ3] [BZ4] of the microvasculature was formed using singular value decomposition
Randomized SVD was utilized to filter noise and tissue motion. Power clutterremovalfiltering.Grossimageswerefurtherprocessedusingacom-
Doppler image was generated. The color flow images were generated by bination of morphology and Hessian-based vessel enhancement filtering.
usingthe2-Dautocorrelationmethod.Resultsshowedthatcolorflowmea- Background-freeimagesofthemicrovasculaturenetworksweresegmented
surementcanquantitativelyevaluatetheflowspeedinthetubeoftheflow (vesselssegmentlength>385lmanddiameter>90lm)formorphological
phantom. analysis. Using a Bayesian framework, measures of vessels density,
1901 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,Vol.143,No.3,Pt.2,March2018 175thMeeting:AcousticalSocietyofAmerica 1901
diameterandtortuosityweretested forsignificantdifferencesin thethree thewash-inkineticsthatobscurestheperfusioncharacteristicsofthecapillary
groups.Amongallmeasures,theprobabilityofvesseldiameter>600lmin bed.Thispresentationdemonstratesthatstatisticalwash-incurvesgenerated
benigncaseswassignificantlyhigherthanthatinmalignantcaseswiththe usingourcompoundCEUSspecklemodel1exhibittwodistinctphasescorre-
p-value <0.01 using Wilcoxon-Rank-Sum test, suggesting reliable cancer spondingto“fast-flow”and“slow-flow”enhancementthatcanbedetectedby
detection performance of the proposed method. [Acknowledgment: NIH fittingalinearcombinationoftwomonoexponentialfunctionswithdifferent
GrantEB17213.] timeconstants.CEUScineloopswereacquiredfromapatient-derivedxeno-
graft model of renal cell carcinoma, where fresh tumor fragments were
10:55 engrafted intothe chicken embryochorioallantoic membrane.Subharmonic
CEUS images were acquired at 18MHz using a destruction-replenishment
4aBA8. Compound speckle model demonstrates two-phase wash-in of
protocol.Enhancementofmanuallysegmentedtumorcross-sectionswasana-
contrast-enhancedultrasoundcineloops.MatthewR.Lowerison(Medical
lyzedofflineinMATLAB.TheCEUScineloopsfromthisxenograftmodel
Biophys.,Univ.ofWesternON,95SalemPl.,London,ONN6K1T8,Can-
frequentlyexhibitedin-planearterioleenhancement.Thetwo-phasefitdiscri-
ada,[email protected]),AnnF.Chambers(Oncology,Univ.ofWesternON,
minated a slow-flow component in26.6% of time-intensity wash-in curves
London, ON, Canada), Hon S. Leong (Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
and62.9%ofthestatisticalwash-incurves,leadingtoadecreaseinestimated
MN),NicholasE.Power(Surgery,Univ.ofWesternON,London,ON,Can-
tumorbloodvolumeby22.1%and24.7%,respectively,comparedtoasimple
ada),andJamesC.Lacefield(RobartsRes.Inst.,London,ON,Canada)
monoexponentialfit.TheseresultssuggestthatconventionalCEUSprocess-
Duringcontrast-enhancedultrasound(CEUS)imagingoftumormicrovas- ingmayfrequentlyoverestimatecapillarybloodvolume.1M.R.Lowerisonet
cularperfusion,nearbyarterioleenhancementcanbeadominantfeatureof al.,Med.Phys.44,99-111(2017).
11:10–11:55PanelDiscussion
THURSDAYMORNING,10MAY2018 GREENWAYD,10:10A.M.TO12:00NOON
Session4aEA
EngineeringAcoustics,SignalProcessinginAcoustics,andUnderwaterAcoustics:AdvancedTransduction
TechnologiesforSonarApplications
DehuaHuang,Chair
NAVSEANPT,HowellSt.,Newport,RI02841
InvitedPapers
10:10
4aEA1. Transduction technologies for structural acoustics sonars. James Tressler (Naval Res. Lab., 4555 Overlook Ave., SW,
Washington,DC20375,[email protected])
ThispresentationwilldescribeunderwateracoustictransductiontechnologiesthattheNavalResearchLaboratory(NRL)hasdevel-
opedforstructuralacousticssonars.TheNRL“Skyfish”downward-lookingsonarsystemisdeployedona21-inchdiameterautonomous
underwatervehicle(AUV)thatfeaturesapairofextendable/retractablewings,eachofwhichhousesathirty-twoelementcylindrical
hydrophonearray.Thewell-behavedacousticsourceconsistsofapairoftransducers,eachcoveringaseparatefrequencyband.The
sourceisdesignedtoprovideafairlywideacousticapertureforlookingbothforeandaftaswellasintheportandstarboarddirections.
Architectural details of the source and receiver, materials considerations, amplifierdesign, and experimental data will be presented.
[ThisworksupportedbytheOfficeofNavalResearch&ESTCP.]
10:30
4aEA2.Designissuesforeigenbeamformingsphericalmicrophonearrays.GaryW.Elko(mhAcoust.,25ASummitAve.,Summit,
NJ07901,[email protected])andJensMeyer(mhAcoust.,Fairfax,VT)
ApproximatingananalyticfunctionbyorthonormalbasesfunctionshasitsoriginsinthetheoryofleastsquaresdevelopedbyGauss
andLegendre.TheuseoforthonormalbasesfunctionshasbeenastandardtoolinsoundfieldanalysissinceRayleigh.Onecommonset
oforthonormalbasesfunctionsthatnaturallyfitthesolutionofthesphericalwaveequationarethesphericalharmonics.Inthistalkwe
describetheconceptofbuildingamicrophonearrayonarigidsphericalbaffle.Weprocesstheoutputsignalsfromthesphericalarray
suchthatwespatiallydecomposetheacousticsoundfieldintosphericalharmonicEigenbeamsignals.ComputationallyefficientEigen-
beamforming,ormodalbeamforming,withtheseprocessedEigenbeamsignalswillbediscussed.Twomaindesignissuesarethegrowth
insensitivitytoself-noiseforhigher-ordersphericalmodesatlowervaluesofk*rwhere,kisthewavenumberandristheradius,and
spatialaliasingduetothefinitenumberofmicrophonescoveringthesphericalsurfaceathighervaluesofkr.Wewilldiscusshowto
practicallyhandlethesedesignissuesandhowthesedesignsolutionsimpacttheoverallperformanceoftheEigenbeamsandtheuseof
thesecomponentsinthedesignofmodalbeamformers.
1902 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,Vol.143,No.3,Pt.2,March2018 175thMeeting:AcousticalSocietyofAmerica 1902