Table Of ContentThorp and Covich’s Freshwater Invertebrates
AGlobal Series of Books on the Identification,
Ecology, and General Biology of Inland Water Invertebrates
by Experts from Around the World
Fourth Edition
Series Editor: James H. Thorp
Volume I: Ecology and GeneralBiology
Edited by James H. Thorp and D.Christopher Rogers
Published 2015
Volume II: Keysto Nearctic Fauna
Edited by James H. Thorp and D.Christopher Rogers
Published 2016
Volume III: Keys toNeotropicalHexapoda
Edited byNeusaHamada, James H.Thorp, andD.Christopher Rogers
Published 2018
Volume IV:Keys toPalaearctic Fauna
Edited by D.Christopher Rogers and James H. Thorp
Published 2019
Volume V:Keysto Neotropicaland Antarctic Fauna
Editedby CristinaDamborenea, D. Christopher Rogers and James H.Thorp
Published 2020
Volumesin Development
Keysto AustralasianFauna
Keys toAfrotropicalFauna
Planned FutureVolumes
KeystoOrientaland OceanianFauna
Keys toOriental and Oceanian Hexapoda
Keys toNearctic Hexapoda
Keys toPalaearctic Hexapoda
Related Publications
FieldGuide toFreshwater Invertebrates ofNorthAmerica
James H.Thorp andD.Christopher Rogers
FirstEdition (2011)
Keys to Neotropical and
Antarctic Fauna
Thorp and Covich’s Freshwater
e
Invertebrates Volume V
Fourth Edition
Edited by
Cristina Damborenea
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient´ıficas y Te´cnicas,
Museo de La Plata, Facultad Ciencias Naturales y Museo,
Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
D. Christopher Rogers
Kansas Biological Survey and, The Biodiversity Institute
University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
James H. Thorp
Kansas Biological Survey and
Department of Ecologyand Evolutionary Biology
University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Dedications from the Editors
To Laura, Cecilia, and Santiago, my wonderful
children, and to Raul for their comprehension.
Mar´ıa Cristina Damborenea
To our authors who made this book possible.
D. Christopher Rogers
To our wonderful children, Sara and Zachary, for loving the
natural world and understanding their father’s obsession with it.
James H. Thorp
Contributors to Volume V
Roberto G.Alves [Chapter 12:Phylum Annelida] Depar- Alessandra Bueno [Chapter 23: Class Malacostraca]
tamento Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de
Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil; email: gama.alves@ Lavras, Brazil; email: [email protected]
ufjf.edu.br
Luciana Burdman [Chapter 2: Protozoa] Institute of
Monica Ammon Fernandez [Chapter 11: Phylum Mol- Environmental Research and Engineering, University
lusca] Laborato´rio de Malacologia / Laborato´rio de of San Martin, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina;
RefereˆnciaNacionalparaEsquistossomose-Malacolo- email: [email protected]
gia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundac¸a˜o Oswaldo Cruz,
Ludimila Calheira [Chapter 3: Phylum Porifera] Departa-
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; email: ammon@ioc.fiocruz.br
mento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernam-
Sonia Barbosa dos Santos [Chapter 11: Phylum Mol- buco,Recife,Brazil;email:[email protected]
lusca]Laborato´riodeMalacologiaL´ımnicaeTerrestre,
Ana Isabel Camacho [Chapter 23: Class Malacostraca]
Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade do Estado
Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Depar-
doRiodeJaneiro(UERJ), Brazil;email: gundlachia@
tamentodeBiodiversidadyBiolog´ıaEvolutiva,Madrid,
yahoo.com.br
Spain; email: [email protected]
Gary M. Barker [Chapter 11: Phylum Mollusca] Land-
Aline Carvalho de Mattos [Chapter 11: Phylum Mol-
care Research, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand;
lusca] Laborato´rio de Malacologia, / Laborato´rio de
email: [email protected]
RefereˆnciaNacionalparaEsquistossomose-Malacolo-
Maria Isabel Berning [Chapter 11: Phylum Mollusca] gia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundac¸a˜o Oswaldo Cruz,
Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM), Section Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; email: amattos@ioc.fiocruz.br
Mollusca, Mu¨nich, Germany; email: gomez.berning@
Silvana Carvalho Thiengo [Chapter 11: Phylum Mol-
googlemail.com
lusca] Laborato´rio de Malacologia / Laborato´rio de
Felipe Bezerra Ribeiro[Chapter23:Class Malacostraca] RefereˆnciaNacionalparaEsquistossomose-Malacolo-
Departamento de Zoologia (Laborato´rio de Carcinolo- gia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundac¸a˜o Oswaldo Cruz,
gia), Instituto de Biocieˆncias, Universidade Federal Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; email: sthiengo@ioc.fiocruz.br
do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; email: fbribeiro.bio@
Mar´ıa Cristina Claps [Chapter 2: Protozoa] Instituto de
gmail.com
Limnolog´ıa "Dr. R. A. Ringuelet", La Plata, Buenos
Matthew G. Bolek [Chapter 10: Phylum Nematomorpha] Aires, Argentina; email: [email protected]
Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State
Rosa Graciela Cohen [Chapter 19: Class Branchiopoda]
University,Stillwater,Oklahoma,USA;email:bolek@
Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biolog´ıa Experi-
okstate.edu
mental,FacultaddeCienciasExactasyNaturales,Uni-
Georgina Bond-Buckup [Chapter 23: Class Malacos- versidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; email: cohen@
traca]IndependentResearcher,retiredfromtheUniver- bg.fcen.uba.ar
sidadeFederaldoRioGrandedoSul,PortoAlegre,RS,
Gonzalo A. Collado [Chapter 11: Phylum Mollusca] Fac-
Brazil; email: [email protected]
ultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ciencias Ba´sicas,
Francisco Brusa [Chapter 5: Phylum Platyhelminthes] UniversidaddelB´ıo-B´ıo,Chilla´n,Chile;email:collado.
Divisio´n Zoolog´ıa Invertebrados, Museo de La Plata, [email protected]
FCNyM,UNLP/CONICET,Argentina;email:fbrusa@
fcnym.unlp.edu.ar
xv
xvi Contributors toVolumeV
Yanis Cruz-Quintana [Chapter 21: Class Copepoda] Diego Fontaneto [Chapter 8: Phylum Rotifera] Water
Escuela de Acuicultura y Pesquer´ıa, Facultad de Cien- Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council
cias Veterinarias, Universidad Te´cnica de Manab´ı, (CNR), Verbania Pallanza, Italy; email: d.fontaneto@
Ecuador; email: [email protected] ise.cnr.it
Maria Gabriela Cuezzo [Chapter 11: Phylum Mollusca] Natalia A. Fredes [Chapter 16: Phylum Arthropoda:
Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical (CONICET- Introduction and Arachnida] Departamento de Bio-
UNT), Universidad Nacional de Tucuma´n, Tucuma´n, log´ıa, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata,
Argentina; email: [email protected] Argentina; email: [email protected]
Cristina Damborenea [Chapter 1: Introduction, Chapter StuartR.Gelder[Chapter12:PhylumAnnelida]Depart-
2: Protozoa, Chapter 5: Phylum Platyhelminthes, mentofScienceandMath,UniversityofMaineatPre-
Chapter 11: Phylum Mollusca, Chapter 12: Phylum sque Isle, Presque Isle, Maine 04769, USA; email:
Annelida] Divisio´n Zoolog´ıa Invertebrados, Museo de [email protected]
La Plata, FCNyM, UNLP / CONICET, Argentina;
Joa˜oGil[Chapter11:PhylumAnnelida]Centred’Estudis
email: [email protected]
Avanc¸ats de Blanes, CEAB-CSIC, Blanes, Catalunya,
Paul De Ley [Chapter 9: Phylum Nematoda] Department Spain; email: [email protected]
of Nematology, University of California Riverside,
Christopher J. Glasby [Chapter 12: Phylum Annelida]
Riverside, CA, USA; email: [email protected]
Museum &ArtGallery ofthe NorthernTerritory, Dar-
Cristina de Villalobos [Chapter 10: Phylum Nematomor- win, Australia; email: [email protected]
pha] Museo de Ciencias Naturales, FCNyM, UNLP,
SamuelGo´mez[Chapter21:ClassCopepoda]Institutode
Argentina; email: [email protected]
Ciencias del Mar y Limnolog´ıa, UNAM. Unidad
Mar´ıa Irene Deserti [Chapter 4: Phylum Cnidaria] Insti- Acade´mica Mazatla´n, Mazatla´n, Mexico; email:
tutodeInvestigacionesMarinasyCosteras,Universidad [email protected]
Nacional de Mar del Plata - CONICET, Mar del Plata,
Exequiel R. Gonza´lez [Chapter 23: Class Malacostraca]
Buenos Aires, Argentina; email: [email protected]
Universidad Santo Toma´s, Santiago, Chile; email:
Edinaldo Nelson dos Santos-Silva [Chapter 21: Class [email protected]
Copepoda] Instituto de Pesquisas da Amazoˆnia, Man-
Priscila A. Grohmann [Chapter 4: Phylum Cnidaria]
aus, AM, Brazil; email: [email protected]
Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Uni-
Marcelo E. Doucet [Chapter 9: Phylum Nematoda] Insti- versidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro,
tuto de Diversidad y Ecolog´ıa Animal (CONICET- Brazil; email: [email protected]
UNC) and Centro de Zoolog´ıa Aplicada, Universidad
Ju¨rgen Guerrero-Kommritz [Chapter 23: Class Mala-
Nacional de Co´rdoba, Co´rdoba, Argentina; email:
costraca] Development of Applied Biology, Fundabas
[email protected]
Foundation, Bogota´, Colombia; email: greledone@
Maria Cristina Dreher Mansur [Chapter 11: Phylum hotmail.com
Mollusca]GrupodePesquisadoCNPq,Biodiversidade
Roberto Guidetti [Chapter 15: Phylum Tardigrada]
de Moluscos Continentais, Museu de Cieˆncias Natur-
Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena
ais, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; email: mcrismansur@
and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; email: roberto.
gmail.com
[email protected]
Elizangela Feitosa da Silva [Chapter 11: Phylum Mol-
Martha A. Gutie´rrez-Aguirre [Chapter 21: Class Cope-
lusca]Laborato´riodeRefereˆnciaNacionalparaEsquis-
poda] Universidad de Quintana Roo, Cozumel,
tossomose, Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
Mexico; email: [email protected]
Fundac¸a˜oOswaldoCruz,RiodeJaneiro,Brazil;email:
DiegoEduardoGutie´rrezGre´goric[Chapter11:Phylum
efeitosa@ioc.fiocruz.br
Mollusca] Divisio´n Zoolog´ıa Invertebrados, Museo de
Leonardo Ferna´ndez [Chapter 2: Protozoa] CIRENYS,
La Plata, FCNyM, UNLP / CONICET, Argentina;
Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile;
email: [email protected]
email: [email protected]
Neusa Hamada [Chapter. 17: Phylum Arthropoda: Intro-
NelsonFerretti[Chapter16:PhylumArthropoda:Introduc-
duction to Crustacea and Hexapoda] Coordenac¸a˜o de
tion and Arachnida] Instituto de Ciencias Biolo´gicas y
Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da
Biome´dicas del Sur (INBIO-SUR-CONICET-UNS),
Amazoˆnia-INPA, Manaus, AM, Brazil; email:
Bahıa Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina; email:
[email protected]
[email protected]
ContributorstoVolumeV xvii
BenHanelt[Chapter10:PhylumNematomorpha]Depart- Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet [Chapter 5: Phylum Platyhel-
mentofBiology,UniversityofNewMexico,Albuquer- minthes] Instituto de Pesquisas de Plana´rias and Pro-
que, NM, USA; email: [email protected] grama de Po´s-Graduac¸a˜o em Biologia, Universidade
do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, UNISINOS, Sa˜o Leopoldo,
Brenda J. Hann [Chapter 19: Branchiopoda] Department
RioGrandedoSul,Brazil;email:[email protected]
of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba,
Canada; email: [email protected] Luiz EduardoMacedode Lacerda [Chapter 11:Phylum
Mollusca] Laborato´rio de Malacologia L´ımnica e Ter-
Janet Higuti [Chapter 20: Ostracoda] State University of
restre, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade do
Maringa´, Centre for Research on Limnology, Ichthy-
Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Brazil; email:
ology and Aquaculture, Graduate Programme in
[email protected]
EcologyofInlandWaterEcosystems,Maringa´,Parana´,
Brazil; email: [email protected] Ce´lio Magalha˜es [Chapter 23: Class Malacostraca] Insti-
tuto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazoˆnia, Manaus,
Cristia´nItuarte[Chapter11:PhylumMollusca]Divisio´n
AM, Brazil; email: [email protected]
Zoolog´ıa Invertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias
Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina; email: ituarte@ Daniel Mansur Pimpa˜o [Chapter 11: Phylum Mollusca]
macn.gov.ar Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos
Naturais Renova´veis (IBAMA), GO, Brazil; email:
CarlosG.Jara[Chapter23:ClassMalacostraca]Instituto
[email protected]
de Ciencias Marinas y Limnolo´gicas, Universidad
Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; email: cjara@ Fernando L. Mantelatto [Chapter 23: Class Malacos-
uaChapter.cl traca] Laborato´rio de Bioecologia e Sistema´tica de
Crusta´ceos (LBSC), Departamento of Biologia, Facul-
Susana B. Jose´ de Paggi [Chapter 8: Phylum Rotifera]
dade de Filosofia, Cieˆncias e Letras de Ribeira˜o Preto
Instituto de Limnologia, Santa Fe, Argentina; email:
(FFCLRP),UniversidadedeSa˜oPaulo(USP),Ribeira˜o
[email protected]
Preto, SP, Brazil; email: fl[email protected]
qukasz Kaczmarek [Chapter 15: Phylum Tardigrada]
MercedesR.Marchese[Chapter12:PhylumAnnelida]Insti-
Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology,
Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna(cid:1)n, Pozna(cid:1)n, tuto Nacional de Limnolog´ıa (CONICET-UNL), Santa
Fe, Argentina; email: [email protected]
Poland; email: [email protected]
Mar´ıa Cristina Marinone [Chapter 8: Phylum Rotifera]
AnushKosakyan[Chapter2:Protozoa]InstituteofParasi-
Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biolog´ıa Experi-
tology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of
Sciences,C(cid:3)eske´Bud(cid:3)ejovice, CzechRepublic/Institute mental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Uni-
versidaddeBuenosAires,Argentina;email:marinone@
of Biosciences, Department of Zoology, University of
bg.fcen.uba.ar
Sao Paulo, Brazil; email: [email protected]
TaisaM.Marques[Chapter21:ClassCopepoda]Labora-
Valentyna Krashevska [Chapter 2: Protozoa] J.F. Blu-
to´rio de Ecologia Molecular e Parasitologia Evolutiva,
menbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology,
Universidade Federal do, Parana´, Curitiba, Parana´,
Georg August University Go¨ttingen, Go¨ttingen,
Brazil; email: [email protected]
Germany; email: [email protected]
goettingen.de Koen Martens [Chapter 20: Class Ostracoda] Royal
Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Brus-
Gabriela C. Ku¨ppers [Chapter 2: Protozoa] Divisio´n
sels, Belgium; Department of Biology, University of
Invertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales
Ghent, Gent, Belgium; email: [email protected]
"Bernardino Rivadavia", Buenos Aires, Argentina;
email: [email protected] Daniel Martin [Chapter 11: Phylum Annelida] Centre
d’Estudis Avanc¸ats de Blanes, CEAB-CSIC, Catalu-
Enrique M. Lara [Chapter 2: Protozoa] Laboratory of
nya, Spain; email: [email protected]
Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchaˆtel, Neuchaˆtel,
Switzerland / Real Jard´ın Bota´nico de Madrid, CSIC, Pablo A. Mart´ınez [Chapter 16: Phylum Arthropoda:
Spain; email: [email protected] IntroductionandArachnida]DepartamentodeBiolog´ıa,
Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina;
Paola Lax [Chapter 9: Phylum Nematoda] Instituto de
email: [email protected]
Diversidad y Ecolog´ıa Animal (CONICET-UNC) and
Centro de Zoolog´ıa Aplicada, Universidad Nacional de SandraMcInnes[Chapter15:PhylumTardigrada]British
Co´rdoba, 5000 Co´rdoba, Argentina; email: laxpaola@ Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research
gmail.com Council, Cambridge, UK; email: [email protected]
xviii Contributors toVolumeV
Nancy F. Mercado-Salas [Chapter 21: Class Copepoda] Marcela Peralta [Chapter 23: Class Malacostraca] Insti-
Centrum fu¨r Naturkunde, CeNak/Center of Natural tuto de Invertebrados, Fundacio´n Miguel Lillo, San
History Hamburg, Universita¨t Hamburg, Zoological Miguel de Tucuma´n, Argentina; email: maperalta@
Museum, Hamburg, Germany; Martin-Luther-King- csnat.unt.edu.ar
Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; email: nancy.
Gilmar Perbiche-Neves [Chapter 21: Class Copepoda]
[email protected]
Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Universidade Federal
Igor Christo Miyahira [Chapter 11: Phylum Mollusca] de Sa˜o Carlos, SP, Brazil; email: gilmarperbi
Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de [email protected]
Janeiro, Brazil; email: [email protected]
Ulisses Pinheiro [Chapter 3: Phylum Porifera] Depart-
DianeR.Nelson[Chapter15:PhylumTardigrada]Depart- mento de Zoologia Universidade Federal de Pernam-
ment of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State buco, Recife, Brazil; email: [email protected]
University, USA; email: [email protected]
Fabio Bettini Pitombo [Chapter 18: Class Cirripedia]
Carolina Noren˜a [Chapter 5: Phylum Platyhelminthes] Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade
Departamento Biodiversidad y Biolog´ıa Evolutiva, Federal Fluminense, Nitero´i, RJ, Brazil; email:
Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), [email protected]
Madrid, Spain; email: [email protected]
Jean-Pierre Pointier [Chapter 11: Phylum Mollusca]
ThiagoNunesAntoniazzi[Chapter11:PhylumMollusca] Laboratoire Ecosyste`mes Aquatiques Tropicaux et
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Me´diterrane´ens, Universite´ de Perpignan, France;
Alegre, Brazil; email: [email protected] email: [email protected]
Alejandro Oceguera-Figueroa [Chapter 12: Phylum Gabriel Pompozzi [Chapter 16: Phylum Arthropoda:
Annelida] Laboratorio de Helmintolog´ıa, Instituto de Introduction and Arachnida] Seccio´n Entomolog´ıa,
Biolog´ıa, Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de Me´xico; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Repu´blica,
email: [email protected] Montevideo, Uruguay; email: gabrielpompozzi@
gmail.com
Janine Oliveira Arruda [Chapter 11: Phylum Mollusca]
GrupodePesquisadoCNPq,BiodiversidadedeMolus- Daniel Previattelli [Chapter 21: Class Copepoda] Depar-
cos Continentais, Museu de Cieˆncias Naturais, Porto tamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biocieˆncias, Univer-
Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; email: arrudajo@ sidade de Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, SP, Brazil; email:
gmail.com [email protected]
Maria Cristina Orellana Liebbe [Chapter 13: Phylum W. Wayne Price [Chapter 23: Class Malacostraca]
Ectoprocta (Bryozoa)] Facultad de Ciencias, Universi- Department of Biology, University of Tampa, Tampa,
dadCato´licadelaSant´ısimaConcepcio´n,Concepcio´n, Florida, USA; email: [email protected]
Chile; email: [email protected]
ThiagoQuinta˜oArau´jo[Chapter7:PhylumGastrotricha]
Ximena Maria Constanza Ovando [Chapter 11: Phylum Laborato´rio de Evoluc¸a˜o de Organismos Meiofaunais,
Mollusca] Laborato´rio de Malacologia L´ımnica e Ter- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Bio-
restre, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade do logia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas,
Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Brazil; email: Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil; email: [email protected]
[email protected]
LorenaRebecchi[Chapter15:PhylumTardigrada]Depart-
ManuelPedraza[Chapter23:ClassMalacostraca]Programa ment of Life Sciences, University of Modena and
dePo´s-Graduac¸a˜oemSistema´tica,TaxonomiaAnimale ReggioEmilia,Italy;email:[email protected]
Biodiversidade, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de
Carlos E.F. da Rocha [Chapter 21: Class Copepoda]
Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil; email: [email protected]
Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biocieˆncias,
Carlos Pedraza-Lara [Chapter 23 Class Malacostraca] Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, SP, Brazil;
Licenciatura en Ciencia Forense, Facultad de Medic- email: [email protected]
ina, Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de Me´xico, Ciu-
D. Christopher Rogers [Chapter 1: Introduction, Chapter
dad Universitaria, Distrito Federal, Mexico; email:
16: Phylum Arthropoda: Introduction and Arachnida,
[email protected]
Chapter 17: Phylum Arthropoda: Introduction to Crus-
Almir Roge´rio Pepato [Chapter 16: Phylum Arthropoda: tacea and Hexapoda, Chapter 19: Class Branchiopoda,
Introduction and Arachnida] Departamento de Zoo- Chapter 23: Class Malacostraca] Kansas Biological
logia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Surveyand,TheBiodiversityInstitute,UniversityofKan-
Horizonte, Brazil; email: [email protected] sas,Lawrence,KS,USA;email:[email protected]
ContributorstoVolumeV xix
Erich Harry Rudolph Latorre [Chapter 23: Class Mala- Malin Strand [Chapter 6: Phylum Nemertea] Swedish
costraca] Departamento de Ciencias Biolo´gicas y Bio- Species Information Centre, Swedish University of
diversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile; Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; email:
email: [email protected] [email protected]
AnaMar´ıaSantana-Pin˜eros[Chapter21ClassCopepoda] Eduardo Sua´rez-Morales [Chapter 21: Class Copepoda,
Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Te´cnica Chapter 22: Class Branchiura] El Colegio de la Fron-
de Manab´ı, Ecuador; email: [email protected] teraSur,Chetumal,Mexico;email:[email protected]
SandroSantos[Chapter23:ClassMalacostraca]Departa- PerSundberg[Chapter6:PhylumNemertea]Department
mento de Ecologia e Evoluc¸a˜o, Universidade Federal ofMarineSciences,UniversityofGothenburg,Gothen-
de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; email: burg, Sweden; email: [email protected]
[email protected]
James H. Thorp [Chapter 1: Introduction; Chapter 17:
Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa [Chapter 10: Phylum Nemato- Phylum Arthropoda: Introduction to Crustacea and
morpha] Zoological Museum, University Hamburg, Hexapoda] Kansas Biological Survey and Department
Hamburg, Germany; email: andreas.schmidt-rhaesa@ of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of
uni-hamburg.de Kansas, USA; email: [email protected]
Andre´ Rinaldo Senna Garraffoni [Chapter 7: Phylum Tarmo Timm [Chapter 12: Phylum Annelida] Estonian
Gastrotricha] Laborato´rio de Evoluc¸a˜o de Organismos UniversityofLifeSciences,CentreforLimnology,Tar-
Meiofaunais, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Insti- tumaa, Estonia; email: [email protected]
tuto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas,
Antonio Alejandro Va´zquez [Chapter 11: Phylum Mol-
Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil; email: [email protected]
lusca] Laboratory of Malacology, Institute of Tropical
Ferry Siemensma [Chapter 2: Protozoa] Julianaweg 10, Medicine Pedro Kour´ı, Havana, Cuba; email:
1241VW Kortenhoef, The Netherlands; email: ferry@ [email protected]
arcella.nl
RobertWallace[Chapter8:PhylumRotifera]Department
Pedro Henrique da Silva Conceic¸a˜o [Chapter 16: of Biology, Ripon College, Ripon, WI, USA; email:
Phylum Arthropoda: Introduction and Arachnida] [email protected]
Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de
TimothyS.Wood[Chapter13:PhylumBryozoa,Chapter
Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; email: pedro.
14: Phylum Entoprocta] Department of Biological
[email protected]
Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio,
Thiago da Silva Paiva [Chapter 2: Protozoa] Laborato´rio USA; email: [email protected]
de Protistologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto
Fernanda Zanca [Chapter 10: Phylum Nematomorpha]
de Biologia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Centro de Estudios Parasitolo´gicos y de Vectores
Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; email: [email protected]
(CEPAVE, CONICET-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina;
Se´rgio N. Stampar [Chapter 4: Phylum Cnidaria] Depar- email: [email protected]
tamentodeCieˆnciasBiolo´gicas,UniversidadeEstadual
Paulista(UNESP),FCL/CampusdeAssis,Sa˜oPaulo,
Brazil; email: [email protected]
